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Midterm Exam Questions with Solutions - Trees and Forests | ERS 144, Exams of Environmental Science

University of California - DavisEnvironmental Science
Prof. Alison M. Berry

Material Type: Exam; Professor: Berry; Class: Trees and Forests; Subject: Environmental Resource Science; University: University of California - Davis; Term: Fall 2010;

Typology: Exams

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 12/17/2010

jenlee12
jenlee12 🇺🇸

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LAST NAME __________________________________
NAME (LAST, FIRST) __________________________________________
Trees and Forests Midterm Fall 2004
SCORES Scantron p. 5 p. 6 TOTAL
_______ ___ ___ ______
This exam consists of two parts. In Part 1 there are 32 questions, either
True/False or Multiple Choice, 2 points per question = 64 points. Please mark
your answers on the blue Scantron. Part 2 consists of 8 short-answer questions,
36 points. 100 pts total.
Print your full name on the first page of the exam, and your last name at the top
of the rest of the exam pages. Print your name also on each of the 3 pages of
figures. Be sure you have filled out the Scantron with your name, ID number and
test version.
Please read each question carefully, and make sure you understand it. Ask a TA
or the instructor to clarify any wording that is unclear.
PART 1 TRUE/FALSE and MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. T/F (A or B). Primary growth in trees takes place only from terminal or lateral
buds (and root tips). T
2. T/F (A or B). The internode is the equivalent of a single season’s total growth
increment. F
3. Which statement about excurrent trees is true? D
a. Buds do not break in the current season’s growth.
b. Excurrent trees exhibit strong apical dominance.
c. The overall shape of an excurrent tree is usually round-headed.
d. Excurrent trees have a strong central leader.
4. True or False (a or b). A decurrent tree exhibits a proleptic branching pattern.
T (usually)
5. The main function of wound callus is: B
a. to eliminate spores of infective fungi, to prevent disease.
b. to reestablish structural strength of the trunk after wounding.
6. T/F (A or B). Leaf mosaics are an example of phototropic growth response,
adapted to minimize shading. T
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Download Midterm Exam Questions with Solutions - Trees and Forests | ERS 144 and more Exams Environmental Science in PDF only on Docsity!

NAME (LAST, FIRST) __________________________________________

Trees and Forests Midterm Fall 2004 SCORES Scantron p. 5 p. 6 TOTAL

This exam consists of two parts. In Part 1 there are 32 questions, either True/False or Multiple Choice, 2 points per question = 64 points. Please mark your answers on the blue Scantron. Part 2 consists of 8 short-answer questions, 36 points. 100 pts total. Print your full name on the first page of the exam, and your last name at the top of the rest of the exam pages. Print your name also on each of the 3 pages of figures. Be sure you have filled out the Scantron with your name, ID number and test version. Please read each question carefully, and make sure you understand it. Ask a TA or the instructor to clarify any wording that is unclear. PART 1 TRUE/FALSE and MULTIPLE CHOICE

  1. T/F (A or B). Primary growth in trees takes place only from terminal or lateral buds (and root tips). T
  2. T/F (A or B). The internode is the equivalent of a single season’s total growth increment. F
  3. Which statement about excurrent trees is true? D a. Buds do not break in the current season’s growth. b. Excurrent trees exhibit strong apical dominance. c. The overall shape of an excurrent tree is usually round-headed. d. Excurrent trees have a strong central leader.
  4. True or False (a or b). A decurrent tree exhibits a proleptic branching pattern. T (usually)
  5. The main function of wound callus is: B a. to eliminate spores of infective fungi, to prevent disease. b. to reestablish structural strength of the trunk after wounding.
  6. T/F (A or B). Leaf mosaics are an example of phototropic growth response, adapted to minimize shading. T
  1. The terminal bud undergoes annual cycles. Which statement is NOT correct? B a. The spring flush of growth can vary in time from 10 days up to 120 days or more depending on tree species. b. In determinate trees, all the primordia are formed in the terminal bud in early spring, just as seasonal growth starts. c. The carbon that provides energy for each spring flush of growth was produced by photosynthesis in the previous year.
  2. (Choose the correct answer) Compression wood: A a. Is dense, with thick, lignified cell walls. b. Contains gelatinous fibers. c. Forms on the upper surface of branches. d. All of the above.
  3. An open-grown Monterey pine tree, compared to a stand-grown tree of the same species, will probably NOT (choose one): B a. Have greater trunk taper. b. Be taller than the stand-grown tree. c. Have larger branches. d. Have greater stability in the wind.
  4. Which of the following is NOT an explanation for the observation that trees at the edge of a forest gap fall preferentially in the direction of the gap: B a. Crown asymmetry is increased by more branching and leaves formed on the gap side of the tree, compared to the forest stand side. b. Stand-grown trees have greater trunk taper than edge-grown trees. c. When the leader is shaded on one side, trees grow by bending away from the shade.
  5. T/F (A or B). Under forest canopies, diffuse light has reduced PAR compared with filtered light. F
  6. Compare canopy A and canopy B in Figure 1. Choose the correct statement. C a. Canopy A probably has lower LAI than canopy B. b. Canopy B has an LAI approaching 1 (between 0 and 1). c. At the base of Canopy A, the PAR is probably close to zero. d. Excurrent trees allow almost no light penetration because the foliage is in layers. e. All of the above.
  7. T/F. The mature architecture of most trees is established during the rapid juvenile phase of growth (first 10-20 years approx.). T
  1. T/F (A or B). The major source of ammonia (NH3) air pollution in the U.S. is from agriculture, especially hog farms in the midwest. T
  2. T/F. (A or B). Cold-hardiness involves changes in cell contents and cell membranes that allow tissues to tolerate cold temperatures. T
  3. T/F. (A or B). Rest is a physiological condition that is reversed by warm periods during early winter. F
  4. Indicate the major effect(s) of SO 2 or HNO 3 precipitation (acid rain) on forests, from the following choices: E a. Soil pH is very low. b. Calcium is leached from the soil. c. In some conifers, calcium is leached from leaf tissue, reducing cold-hardiness of the foliage. d. A and B only. e. All of the above.
  5. A decrease in the biodiversity and reproduction of mycorrhizal fungi in the coastal sage community west of the LA basin was found to correlate with: C a. High levels of greenhouse gases (photochemical smog). b. A decrease in root exudation due to calcium leaching of soils. c. Nitrogenous air pollution from automobile exhaust and other sources.
  6. Indicate which of the following processes are increased or intensified when night temperature decreases. D a. Rest. b. Cold-hardiness. c. Gross photosynthesis. d. A and B only. e. None of the above.
  7. T/F (A or B). 2. Hollow trees or trees with heart-rot decay are structurally strong, as long as the thickness of the sound wood equals at least 30% of the trunk diameter (or radius, i.e. t/R= 0.3). T
  8. The Eucalyptus tree shown growing next to Bainer Hall in the photo ( Figure 2 ) exhibits which of the following growth responses: B a. sucker growth. c. crown symmetry. b. response to shading. d. all of the above. e. none of the above.
  9. (A or B). In Figure 3 , which species, A. Alnus rugosa or B. Quercus rubra , is better adapted for photosynthesis in moist conditions? A

SHORT ANSWER

  1. (6 points) Lignin is a biomaterial that makes xylem cells strong. List 2 additional features of wood-- aspects of wood cell structure; types of wood; deposition patterns -- that contribute to structural strength of trees, and describe what each provides in terms of strength. Use appropriate specific terminology.
  5. (6 points) In Figure 4 , match the numbers 1, 3 and 4 with the correct letters below ( do not write on Fig. 4 ). Note: #2 = Gross Photosynthesis. #2 and # refer to the respective lines on the graph. #1 refers to the indicated area under the curve. Choices: ____A. no net gain in carbon production ____B. respiration ____C. optimum temperature range for net photosynthesis. (2 points) What happens when respiration exceeds gross photosynthesis?

.

  1. (4 points) Based on Figure 5 , indicate below which piece of wood (Wood A, B or C) is best described by each of the following:
    1. Ring-porous wood. ______.
    2. Wood that consists mainly of tracheids _______.
    3. Wood with the highest flow rate of water _______. Would you expect the vascular cambium to be located above or below Wood A, based on the arrangement of tissues that you see (check the correct answer)? ______vascular cambium is above. ______vascular cambium is below.
  2. (2 points) For both Tree A and Tree B in Figure 6 , draw some typical branches you would expect to see in Year 2, based on the Year 1 pattern shown. Draw directly on Figure 6.

Fig. 4. Temperature effects on photosynthesis and respiration

Figure 2. Eucalyptus

near Bainer Hall

Figure 3. Net Photosynthesis and

Leaf WaterPotential

A B^ C

Tree A Tree B Dotted lines indicate leader growth in Year 2. Solid drawings indicate growth in Year 1. Please draw the Year 2 branches. Year 2 (^) Year 2

Figure 5. Wood

Figure 6.

Branching of young trees