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Interviewing
A conversation where one person tries to obtain information for some specific purposeNot necessary to make changeCollecting data TERM 2
Counseling/ Psychopathology
DEFINITION 2 Professional helping serviceOther begin with interviewOften inter-changeable TERM 3
Microskills
DEFINITION 3 Higher not always better TERM 4
Goal of Microskills
DEFINITION 4 Understand how clients experience and make sense of the worldRelationship is important TERM 5
Hearing
DEFINITION 5 Passive process that requires ears only
Listening
Active process that requires ears and mind TERM 7
Why is listening
important?
DEFINITION 7
- Encouragement2. Understanding3. Evaluation (of information - NOT the client)4.Measurement How is this going? How the client is responding TERM 8
Building Rapport
DEFINITION 8 Use clients name Don't pronounce incorrectly Varies depending on situation Type of agency you are working for Attending behavior and client observation skillsPositive asset search/ strengths TERM 9
Empathy
DEFINITION 9 Listen carefullyEnter world of client In their shoes with there life experiences Communicate understanding TERM 10
How to display empathy?
DEFINITION 10 Positive regardRespect & warmthConcretenessImmediacy What's happening between us Nonjudgmental attitudeAuthenticityValidation Normalizing is an example
Goals to observing behaviors
Look for meaningful patterns TERM 17
What do you need to watch for when
observing behaviors
DEFINITION 17 Eye behaviorFacial expressions & head movementsBody positioning/ full body movements TERM 18
Silence
DEFINITION 18 Can be important of the interview processWe don't like silences Push through it Sometimes can be helpful Client could be thinking, reflecting on your comments TERM 19
Importance of Verbal Communication
DEFINITION 19 Ask questions to clarify understandingConfirm understanding TERM 20
Verbal Communication
DEFINITION 20 Voice tone & rate of speechDon't offer solutions too quicklyStay on topicAppropriate use of encouragementFocus on what is being said Active listening
Types of Inquiry
Minimal encouragers "Uh huh," "yes," etc. Probes "Give me an example..." Repeating few words from clients previous statements Open-ended questions Not yes/ no Avoid why questions Be careful with... "Can you...," "will you...." TERM 22
Types of Inquiry (continued)
DEFINITION 22 Closed-ended questions Yes/ No Can serve appropriate purpose Be sure not to overuse Provide simpler responses TERM 23
Examples of how questions can be
used
DEFINITION 23 Help begin the interviewElaborate and enrich clients storyBring out specifics of the clients worldCritical for assessmentFirst word may determine what client says next TERM 24
Examples of how questions can be used
(continued)
DEFINITION 24 Can help clients search for positives TERM 25
Problems with
questions
DEFINITION 25 Bombardment/ grillingMultiple questions Only one at a time Cultural differencesControl issues
Reflection of Content can start with...
Sounds like...You have experienced...You think....You are wondering about... TERM 32
When to use Reflection of Content
DEFINITION 32 Can be used early onDon't wait too long to useCan help stop a rambling client TERM 33
Steps of Reflection of Feeling
DEFINITION 33
- Determine what the client is feeling2. Describe the feeling clearly3. Observe the effects of what you said4. Facilitate discussion Check-in TERM 34
Examples of Reflection of Feeling
DEFINITION 34 Sounds like you're....I think I hear some....You seem to be feeling... TERM 35
4 types of Summarizing
DEFINITION 35
- Focusing summary2. Signal3. Thematic4. Planning
Focusing
summary
Great way to get things started TERM 37
Signal
DEFINITION 37 Helping them move on to the next topic "Before we move on..." TERM 38
Thematic
DEFINITION 38 Continues to mention something TERM 39
Planning
DEFINITION 39 Reviewing process, goals, assessments "I see were running out of time..." Wrap things up TERM 40
Definition of Ethics
DEFINITION 40 Moral standards that ensure that professional provide equality services and are respectful of the rights of the people with whom they work
Justice
Fairness TERM 47
Fidelity
DEFINITION 47 Telling the truth TERM 48
Common ethical dilemmas (APA Ethics
Committee)
DEFINITION 48
- Sexual misconduct (adult)2. Nonsexual dual relationships3. Insurance/ fee problems4. Child custody evaluation issues5. Confidentiality TERM 49
Common ethical dilemmas (Pope &
Vasquez)
DEFINITION 49
- Dual relationships ( sexual and nonsexual)2. Unprofessional or negligent process3. Fraud4. Conviction of crimes5. Inadequate or improper supervision TERM 50
Ethical Guidelines
DEFINITION 50 Recognize limitsFocus on needs of the clientUnderstanding the role of cultureDocumentation
Recognize
limits
Areas of expertiseSupervisionReferrals Who might be better assistance QualificationsWe are aware of our own values TERM 52
Focus on the needs of the client
DEFINITION 52 Informed consentConfidentialityAvoid harmful dual relationships Sexual or nonsexual hiring previous clients Watch for personal conflicts TERM 53
Understanding the role of culture
DEFINITION 53 Don't assume skills transferDon't assume client's goals is to assimilateDemonstrate interest in client's cultureCommit to eliminating bias and discrimination in your work TERM 54
Documentation
DEFINITION 54 Case notesProtects clients and professionals TERM 55
Ethical decision-making steps
DEFINITION 55 Step 1: Assessment Situation Client's status and resources Interviewer's values, feelings and reactions Step 2: Benefit What benefits the client? What benefits the helping relationship? What obligations you have to others
Working (where theory matters; top of the
hierarchy)
Brainstorming, exploring alternatives, confronting inconsistenciesInsight-orieted skills Ah-ha moments Theory driven TERM 62
Termination
DEFINITION 62 Generalizing and acting on changeIdeally goals met Where they started and where they are now Summarizing Reflections TERM 63
Additional characteristics of the Ivey & Ivey
model
DEFINITION 63 Positive asset search Searching for strengths Nonlinear Circular process Almost to termination and then another issue comes up and starts all over again, and this is okay TERM 64
Reasons for Assessment
DEFINITION 64 Keep focus on more important issuesGives info to help plan goalsIncreases client awarenessHelp identify uniqueness of situation What else do I need to know TERM 65
Reasons for Assessment (continued)
DEFINITION 65 Safety assessment Threat to themselves or to someone else Substance use Child abuse DiagnosisHigh strengths At some point ask them about support in their life and or what helps them get them through the hard times
Areas to address intake
- Presenting problem2. Risk factors3. Relevant family history4. Trauma history5. Physical issues6. Developmental history7. Cultural considerations TERM 67
Presenting problem
DEFINITION 67 Why is the person here?How long experiences difficulties? Triggers? Symptoms? Make it worse or better What have you noticed How is your... (mood, sleeping, eating, etc.) TERM 68
Presenting problem (continued)
DEFINITION 68 What do they want to change?Main areas -- emotions, behaviors, cognitionsHistory of presenting concern TERM 69
Risk factors
DEFINITION 69 Safety concerns -- self and othersSubstance use and impact Overshoot and maybe get a more accurate number Family history TERM 70
Relevant family history
DEFINITION 70 DescriptionHistory of concerns
Positive
More powerfulTry to turn problems into goals Forward acting TERM 77
Simple
DEFINITION 77 Have a higher probability of success TERM 78
Important to client
DEFINITION 78 Want to achieve that goal TERM 79
Realistic
DEFINITION 79 Can be obtained TERM 80
Levels of culture
DEFINITION 80
- Concrete2. Behavioral3. Symbolic
Levels of culture (concrete)
Most visible and tangibleSurface-leve TERM 82
What are examples of
concrete?
DEFINITION 82 ClothesMusicGamesCelebrations TERM 83
Levels of culture (behavioral)
DEFINITION 83 Social roles, communication (verbal and nonverbal) TERM 84
Examples of
behavioral
DEFINITION 84 LangaugeGender rolesFamily structurePolitical affiliation TERM 85
Levels of culture
(symbolic)
DEFINITION 85 Values and beliefs
How to develop attitudes
EmpathySelf-exploration Own limitations (blind spot paper) Broad understanding of cultural context TERM 92
Specific cultural considerations
DEFINITION 92 What do YOU bring to the relationship Beliefs/ Biases (good to think about BEFORE entering session) Personal experiences / your own culture Assumptions/ stereotypes It can be tricky to consider how you'll deal with all of these factors REMEMBER (probes, open/closed questions, reflections)
