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Midterm Study Guide, Glossary for Asian American Studies | AAS 100, Study notes of Asian literature

University of Illinois - Urbana-ChampaignAsian literature
Prof. Esther S. Lee

Material Type: Notes; Professor: Lee; Class: Intro Asian American Studies; Subject: Asian American Studies; University: University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign; Term: Fall 2009;

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 02/10/2010

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AAS 100 Midterm Study Guide
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Race & Ethnicity – race deals with geography and genetically transmitted physical characteristics
(created by European anthropologists in 17th/18th centuries), social construction. Ethnicity is based on
racial, national, religious, and cultural aspects of a person.
Pan Ethnicity – Strategic conversion of an involuntary term (Oriental) into a voluntary term (Asian
American). Previously unrelated groups form affiliations and assume a common identity in order to gain
political, social, and cultural strength.
1870 Immigration Act – States that only “free white persons” can be naturalized as citizens. 14th
Amendment (1870) allows blacks but excludes Asian Americans
American Ideals & the West – Made efforts to participate in the political & social life of San Fran.
Adopted American ideals while also trying to preserve their culture.
The Gold Rush (1848) – Asian Americans provided a source of cheap labor for the increase in population
of Americans
First Chinese Immigrants in Cali (1850) – Came from Kuangtung province in Southern China. Most
entered through the port of San Francisco. Tried to get involved in the community
Sugar Plantations in Hawaii – Asian Americans provided very cheap labor. Replaced some of the local,
lazier workers
People v. Hall (1854) – Made it so Chinese have no rights to testify against white citizens. Increased
violence against Chinese since they could do nothing
“Coolie” – Contract laborers whose jobs approximated those of slaves. Used to label Chinese
immigrants w/o legal rights who were slaves.
Sojourner – Many Chinese men hoped to make money to return home. Many maintained a
psychological and social separation from American society. Most never returned to China. Formed
Chinatowns
Bachelor Society – Society of mostly Asian American men who came to the U.S.
Railroad & Chinese Labor – 15,000 worked for Central Pacific making up 90% of the work force. Faced
extreme conditions and racism. Paid less that white workers.
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) – Suspended immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years. Repeatedly
renewed and made permanent in 1902. Repealed in 1943.
“Gentleman Agreement” (1907) – Limited Japanese immigration to parents, wives, and children of
males already here. Japanese “picture brides” came to America
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AAS 100 Midterm Study Guide

Race & Ethnicity – race deals with geography and genetically transmitted physical characteristics (created by European anthropologists in 17th/18th^ centuries), social construction. Ethnicity is based on racial, national, religious, and cultural aspects of a person. Pan Ethnicity – Strategic conversion of an involuntary term (Oriental) into a voluntary term (Asian American). Previously unrelated groups form affiliations and assume a common identity in order to gain political, social, and cultural strength. 1870 Immigration Act – States that only “free white persons” can be naturalized as citizens. 14th Amendment (1870) allows blacks but excludes Asian Americans American Ideals & the West – Made efforts to participate in the political & social life of San Fran. Adopted American ideals while also trying to preserve their culture. The Gold Rush (1848) – Asian Americans provided a source of cheap labor for the increase in population of Americans First Chinese Immigrants in Cali (1850) – Came from Kuangtung province in Southern China. Most entered through the port of San Francisco. Tried to get involved in the community Sugar Plantations in Hawaii – Asian Americans provided very cheap labor. Replaced some of the local, lazier workers People v. Hall (1854) – Made it so Chinese have no rights to testify against white citizens. Increased violence against Chinese since they could do nothing “Coolie” – Contract laborers whose jobs approximated those of slaves. Used to label Chinese immigrants w/o legal rights who were slaves. Sojourner – Many Chinese men hoped to make money to return home. Many maintained a psychological and social separation from American society. Most never returned to China. Formed Chinatowns Bachelor Society – Society of mostly Asian American men who came to the U.S. Railroad & Chinese Labor – 15,000 worked for Central Pacific making up 90% of the work force. Faced extreme conditions and racism. Paid less that white workers. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) – Suspended immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years. Repeatedly renewed and made permanent in 1902. Repealed in 1943. “Gentleman Agreement” (1907) – Limited Japanese immigration to parents, wives, and children of males already here. Japanese “picture brides” came to America

Ozawa v. Supreme Court (1922) – Supreme court ruled that Takao Ozawa in ineligible for citizenship because of his “Mongolian” ancestry Bhagat Singh Thind v. the U.S. (1923) – Thind argued he was Caucasian and therefore white. Court said a white “person” is based on “common speech, to be interpreted in accordance with the understanding of the common man” National Origins Act of 1924 – Most restrictive immigration legislation in U.S. history. Prohibited immigration of most Asians. Prevented Chinese women from joining their husbands. Excluded all Asian laborers except Filipinos Angel Island & Paper Sons & Daughters – Off coast of SF. Loophole in exclusion law. If Chinese could prove citizenship through paternal lineage they would not be denied entry. 1906 SF earthquake destroyed official documents. Those w/o true fathers in the U.S. became “paper sons” Colonizing the Philippines – Became a colony in 1901 after the Spanish – American War. Remained a colony until 1946 First/Second wave of Filipinos (students, farmers, fishermen) – 1903 Filipinos allowed to study in U.S. as U.S. nationals. First wave was fisherman in 1903 who worked for Alaskan fish cannery. 1920 second wave arrives and most of them become farmers Third wave of Filipinos (war brides, nationals) – Allowed entry after WWII Filipino American & “Colonial Mentality” – Filipino’s immigration history blurs boundary between America & Asia. Experienced discrimination even though they were “Americans” Tydings-Mcduffie Act (1934) – Limited Filipino immigration to the U.S. to 50 per year. Exclusion of Filipinos needed because of: social problems, diseases, economic threat Carlos Bulosan – Born in Philippines. Son of a farmer. Arrived in Seattle July 1930. Worked low paying jobs and became ill. Became a self-educated and prolific writer. Became an activist in the labor movement. Wrote America is in the Heart. International Hotel in San Francisco – Home to many “Manongs” who were kicked out because of a revitalization project of downtown San Francisco. People of all races came to their aid but they were eventually removed from the hotel. Executive Order 9066 (1942) – “Military Necessity” to protect against domestic spying and sabotage. 120,000 Japanese Americans sent to “internment camps”. The Munson Report – Commissioned by President Roosevelt which investigated the loyalties of Japanese American. Concluded that “There is no Japanese problem on the Coast” “200% American” – internment camp divided Japanese American community. Registered “No-No Boys” fought for constitutional rights. “Loyal Americans” who served their country with their lives.