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Mitosis Study Guide
Understand the function of each of these structures:
- Cell Membrane: Thin, flexible layer Separates the cell from its surrounding environment Controls movement of materials into and out of the cell Helps maintain the cell’s internal environment
- Chromatin Chromosomes are not always visible. They usually sit around uncoiled and as loose strands called chromatin.
- Nuclear Membrane membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
4. DNA
The genetic material found in all living cells. Contains the information needed for an organism to grow, maintain itself, and reproduce Stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
- Cytoplasm
Thick, jelly-like substance contained within the cell membrane
- Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains the genetic material (chromatin) the cell needs to reproduce and function. Is surrounded by the nuclear membrane
- Chromosomes
Worm-like / rod-like structures formed from chromatin during cell reproduction.
They become distinct during the reproductive part of the cell cycle as the cell divides. Composed of DNA
- Spindle Fibers
Spindle fibers form a protein strand that divides the chromosomes in a cell during cell division.
The spindle is necessary to equally divide the chromosomes in a parental cell into two daughter cells during both types of nuclear division: mitosis and meiosis.
- Sister Chromatids
Pairs of chromosomes are called Sister Chromatids
Structures called a Centromere hold the sister chromatids together
- Centrioles
Every animal-like cell has two small organelles called centrioles. They are there to help the cell when it comes time to divide.
They are put to work in both the process of mitosis and the process of meiosis and move to opposite sides of the nucleus during cell division
You will usually find them near the nucleus but they cannot be seen when the cell is not dividing.
- What is the difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic – Have a nucleus and found in multicellular organisms
Prokaryotic – Do not have a nucleus and found in bacteria
- What are the steps of Mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
- What is the difference between a chromatin, chromatid and chromosome?
Chromatin is DNA wound around specific proteins.
A chromosome is a gigantic piece of chromatin that contains specific genes as well as a number of other structural elements, like a kinetochore and telomeres, and which is inherited as a distinct structural entity.
Chromatids refer to the two identical copies of a chromosome that are made during cell division,
Phase ______Interphase _____________
Phase ______Anaphase _____________
Phase _______Prophase____________
Phase ________Metaphase___________
Phase ______Telophase_____________
