Download MLS 2212: UNIT 3B NONFERMENTATIVE BACILLUS STUDY GUIDE EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS. and more Exams Microbiology in PDF only on Docsity!
MLS 2212: UNIT 3B
NONFERMENTATIVE BACILLUS
STUDY GUIDE EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS.
Nonfermentitive Bacillus - Answer 1. Pseudomonas
- Acinetobacter
- Alcaligenes
- Chryseobacterium Gram stain of nonfermentitive bacillus - Answer Large pleomorphic gram negative rods Nonfermentitive bacillus can or cannot ferment carbohydrates? - Answer cannot What are the TSI reactions of nonfermentitive bacillus? - Answer TSI= K/K or K/N What two groups are NFB's split up into? - Answer 1. Oxidizers
- Nonoxidizers Oxidizers - Answer utilize sugars through aerobic respiration Saccharolytic - Answer utilize sugars through aerobic respiration Nonoxidizers - Answer cannot utilize any sugars Nonsaccharolytic - Answer cannot utilize any sugars Nonfermentitive bacillus grow well on - Answer SBA Nonfermentitive bacillus may or may not grown on - Answer MAC Most nonfermentitive bacillus produce __________ colonies than enteric GNR's
nonfermentitive bacillus cause - Answer oppurtunistic infections Clinical sources of nonfermentitive bacillus - Answer wounds, UTI, blood, CSF, etc Group#1 of NFB - Answer Non-lactose fermenter MAC: Lac neg SBA: No growth or little growth Group#2 of NFB - Answer No growth on MAC TSI of NFB - Answer K/K or K/N NFB on SBA - Answer medium to large gray mucoid Oxidase pos & Catalase pos - Answer 1. Pseudomonas
- Alcaligenes
- Chryseobacterium Oxidase neg & Catalase pos - Answer 1. Stenotrphomonas
- Acinetobacter What test shaves off 24hrs to identify NFB - Answer Oxidase sweep test Procedure of Oxidase Test - Answer Glass slide method
- Add 1 drop of oxidase reagent onto filter paper.
- Transfer colonies using a wooden stick *Cannot be taken off of a MAC Majority of clinical isolates - Answer 1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Acinetobacter spp.
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia O/F Media (Oxidation/Fermentation) Media Components - Answer 1. 4 tubes
Closed: pos (yellow) Determining NFB - Answer 1. Mac Lac neg
- @ 24hrs TSI = K/K or K/N ONPG neg
- @ 48hrs OF media Cat, Ox, motility OR
- Mac Lac neg
- Ox from SBA if pos
- @ 24hrs OF media Cat, Ox, motility Pseudomonas aeruginosa on SBA - Answer Large flat irregular translucent Beta Pseudomonas aeruginosa motility - Answer motile, causes the irregular margins (sometimes saucer shape) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Oxidase ___ and catalase ___ - Answer pos/pos Pseudomonas aeruginosa: OF media: - Answer glucose pos and maltose neg Pseudomonas aeruginosa smell - Answer grape -like odor (corn tortillas) Pseudomonas aeruginosa may produce - Answer a pigment (MAC/SBA) Strain dependent
- pyocyanin
- Fluroescein - require specialize media 3.Pyorubin-require specialized media
Psuedominasa aeroginosa on SBA - Answer produces oil slick sheen @ 48hrs ____ of 24 Pseudomonas aeruginosa are human pathogens - Answer half In clinical specimens, P. aeruginosa accounts for about ___ % of Pseudomonas isolates - Answer 60 P. aeruginosa is ____________ in environment - Answer Ubiquitous P. aeruginosa causes - Answer nosocomial infections P. aeruginosa causes serious infections in - Answer 1. Burn patients
- nosocomial urinary tract
- respiratory tract
- cystic fibrosis patients
- necrotizing skin rash (hot tub syndrome)
- ear infections P. aeruginosa can survive - Answer harsh environments. Will survive for long periods of time in dust or plain distilled water. P. aeruginosa is highly resistant to - Answer antibiotics Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa - Answer 1. Adhesions
- Alginate production
- Exotoxin A
- Exoenzyme S
- Elastolytic activity
- Phospholipase C
- Pyocyanin
- Antibiotic resistance
- Lipid A Adhesions - Answer mediate attachment to host epithelial cells (pili and non-pilus adhesions) enhance pili adherence
CRAB - Answer Carbapenem resistant A. baumanii Acinetobacter MAC - Answer Lac neg, purple pigment Acinetobacter colonies may be - Answer sticky Acinetobacter is Oxidase ___ and Catalase ___ - Answer neg/pos A. baumannii O/F tests results - Answer glucose: pos maltose: neg A. Iwoffi - Answer glucose:pos maltose: pos/neg Acinetobacter is motility - Answer negative Strenotrophomonas maltophilia - Answer AKA Xanthomonas maltophilia AKA Pseudomonas maltophilia Strenotrophomonas maltophilian is 3rd most common - Answer NFB Strenotrophomonas maltophilia is nosocomial - Answer oppurtunistic pathogen Strenotrophomonas maltophilia will grow on - Answer MAC Strenotrophomonas maltophilia Oxidase: Catalase: - Answer neg/pos Strenotrophomonas maltophilia Oxidizer O/F tubes: glucose ___, maltose ___ - Answer pos/pos Alcaligenes growth on MAC - Answer dry feathery colonies Alcaligenes
Oxidase: Catalase: - Answer pos/pos Alcaligenes is a - Answer non oxidizer O/F tubes: glucose neg, maltose neg Alcaligenes smell - Answer sweet apple smell Chryseobacterium meningosepticum MAC - Answer poor to NG on MAC Chryseobacterium meningosepticum Oxidase: Catalase: - Answer pos/pos Chryseobacterium meningosepticum O/F rxns - Answer variable Which rxn might you expect from a NFB on a TSI after 24hrs? - Answer K/K What would you expect teh ONPG result to be for a NFB - Answer negative Which organism is responsible for the following OF media reactions glucose closed = green maltose closed = green glucose open = yellow maltose open = greenish/blue - Answer Pseudomonas aeruginosa What result would be produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa? Catalase pos Catalase neg Oxidase pos Ocidase neg - Answer Oxidase pos Catalase pos
Most H. influenzae isolates are from - Answer peds H. influenzae gram stain - Answer tiny coccoid pleomorphic gram negative rod H. influenzae is fastidious. requires - Answer X factor: hemin V factor: nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide H. influenzae on CHOC agar - Answer small translucent to gray colonies H. influenzae smell - Answer "mousy" or "bleach like odor" H. influenzare are - Answer capnophile Mueller-Hinton Agar - Answer -Clear media, also used for kirby bauer plates -Contains no X or V factors Kirby Bauer plates - Answer 1. used to test for antimicrobial susceptibility
- made w/ Mueller-Hinton Agar Porphyrin test - Answer aminolevullinic acid (ALA) What does porphoryn test do? - Answer identifies heme producing species of Haemophilus discs w/ ALA reagent Enzyme converts ALA into porphyrin which fluorescences under - UV (Wood's lamp) 1-6hr test H. influenzae is oxidase ___ and catalase ___ - Answer pos/pos Other Haemophilus spp
- H. parainfluenzae
- H. haemolyticus
- H. aphrophilus
- H. ducreyi - Answer H. ducreyi - Answer causes sexually transmitted disease called chancroid "You cry if you get chancroid" H. influenzae, H. haemolyticus - Answer requires X and V H. parainfluenzae - Answer requires V only H. ducreyi requires - Answer X only H. aphrophilus AKA aggregatibacter aphrophilus - Answer does not require X and V All haemophilus spp are oxidase pos and catalase pos except - Answer H. ducreyi Bordetella spp - Answer 1. B. pertussis
- B. parapertussis Also know as pertussis - Answer Whooping cough Symptoms of Bordetella - Answer -coughing spells "rapid fire" very sever and repetitive 5- min at a time whoop sound -vomiting -apnea -cyanosis -40-50 bouts per day -> exhaustion "100 day cough" Toxins of Bordetella - Answer 1. Pertussis toxin, a portion of which interferes with the ciliated epithelial cell's metabolism, resulting in increased mucus production. (Note that pertussis toxin is both an adhesin and a toxin.)
Stage 4 During the convalescent phase, the number of bacteria present becomes quite small, the ciliated lining of the trachea grows back, and the severity and frequency of coughing diminish. During this phase, which typically lasts three to four weeks or longer, secondary bacterial infections (such as with Staphylococcus or Streptococcus) in the damaged epithelium may lead to bacteremia, pneumonia, seizures, and encephalopathy. Bordetella culture - Answer nasopharyngeal swab Bordetella needs transport media because it is - Answer extremely sensitive to drying Regan-Low - Answer plates or tubes w/ horse blood, charocal, cephalexin Primary Bordetella primary plating media - Answer 1. Bordet-Gengou agar SBA + potato & glycerol extract
- CHB - same as Regan-Lowe 3-4 days: "droplets of mercury" DFA - Answer direct fluorescent antibody DFA IgG - Answer tagged w/ fluorescent label DTap (Tripedia) - Answer Diphtheria, Tetanus, acellular Pertussis children under ages 7 Tdap - Answer adolescents and adults Booster every 10yrs DPT - Answer older vaccine no longer used Campy means - Answer curved. Campylobacter jejuni - Answer Gram negative curved rod. Seagull wing appearance "Gull wings"
jejuni gets its name from - Answer jejunum (small intestine) Campylobacter jejuni requires modification of - Answer gram stain: stain safranin longer Camylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of - Answer gastroenteritis Symptoms & treatment of Campylobacter jejuni - Answer 1. occur 1- days after consumption
- self limiting-abdominal cramps, diarrhea and fever
- duration - about a week
- treated with oral hydration Camplylobacter is the number ___ enteric pathogen in U.S. - Answer one Reason Campylobacter jejuni is common - Answer 1. G.I. flora of animals
- 90% raw poultry products contaminated w/ Campylobacter
- takes 500 or less organisms to cause infection Campylobacter jejuni specimen source - Answer stool culture Campy blood agar plate antimicrobials - Answer 1. Vancomycin
- Trimethoprim
- Polymyxin B
- Amphotericin B
- Cephalothin Camplobacter jejuni is microaerophilic and - Answer capnophilic CAMPY PAK Campylobacter jejuni growth at - Answer 42 degrees celsius What causes Legionnaires' disease - Answer Legionella pneumophila
Eikenella corrodens is oxidase ___ - Answer pos Eikenella corrodens is catalase ___ - Answer neg Eikenella corrodens odor of - Answer bleach Eikenella corrodens is a ___ oxidizer - Answer non Bartonella henselae - Answer Cat-scratch disease involves prolonged fever and malaise, plus localized swelling at the site of infection and of local lymph nodes for several months. Misc. and infrequently encountered GNR - Answer 1. Vibrio
- Helicobacter
- Gardernella
- Francisella
- Aeromonas/Plesiomonas Vibrio - Answer comma shaped GNR Vibrio's (curved GNR) include - Answer 1. Camplobacter
- Vibrio
- Helicobacter Vibrio is motile via - Answer polar flagella 2 groups of Vibrio - Answer 1. Vibrio cholerae
- Non-cholera vibrios Non-cholera vibrios include - Answer 1. V. parahaemolyticus
- V. vulnificus Epidemic - Answer localized region Pandemic - Answer worldwide
cholera is considered a - Answer epidemic Cholera - Answer acute diarrheal disease , spread most through contaminated water (fecal oral route). Cholera infects cells of - Answer small intestine there are ___ different serotypes of cholera - Answer 139 Two serotypes of cholera that cause disease - Answer O1 and O O1 and O189 are the only two cholera strains with - Answer pili Enterotoxin of vibrio cholera - Answer 1. Choleragen
- Cholera toxin (CT) Hypersecretion - Answer copious fluid loss: 1 liter/hr 15-20 liters/day "rice water stools" Death rate of cholera is __% untreated and drops to 1% if treated - Answer 60% Non-cholera vibrios are halophilic which means - Answer salt loving Vibrio cholera is - Answer non halophilic V. parahaemolyticus - Answer most common Vibrio V. parahaemolyticus is acquired from - Answer contaminated sea food or open wound from swimming in cont.. sea water V. parahaemolyticus causes - Answer acute enteritis (food source) or cellulitis
Helicobacter pylori can be tested by - Answer 1. gastric biopsy
- breath test
- serological ELISA test Treatment of H. pylori - Answer 1. Tagamet: inhibits acid production in stomach and relieves pain
- multi-antimicrobial (metronidazol - antiparasitic drug and tetracycline) Gardnerella vaginalis is - Answer normal flora in 70% healthy females Gardnerella vaginalis is involved in - Answer vaginosis: disruption of normal vaginal flora Lactobacillus is - Answer predominant vaginal flora large gram pos rod Gardnerella vaginalis gram stain - Answer gram neg to gram variable rods Gardnerella vaginalis gram stain of discharge shows - Answer many clue cells: squamous epithelial cells with abundant organisms plus PMN's Garnerella vaginalis culture - Answer V-agar also called HBT agar (Vaginalis agar) HBT (Human Blood Tween agar) Gardnerella vaginalis is non-hemolytic on - Answer SBA Diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis is made on - Answer clinical signs, symptoms, gram stain, and characteristic growth on V-agar (or HBT) Three different types of Brucella - Answer 1. B. melitensis (man)
- B. abortus (cattle)
- B suis (pig) Brucella in animals can cause - Answer spontaneous abortions Vitamin called erythritol
Brucella in humans causes - Answer undulant fever in Brucellosis brucella is an - Answer intracellular parasite -phagocytized by macrophages and monocytes -carried to spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, kidneys -causes lesions in the organs leading to impairment Brucella is biolevel - Answer 3 Brucella is sent to - Answer reference labs Class I hood - Answer HEPA filter high efficiency particulate air filter Class II biolevel 2 hood - Answer Most common Class III Biolevel 3 hood is used for - Answer Bioterrorist threats Francisella tularensis causes - Answer tularemia Tularemia - Answer Acute, febrile, granulomatous rapid onset with flu-like fever Francisella tularensis is - Answer highly infectious. capable of penetrating nroken skin. Infection requires less than 10 organisms. Francisella tularensis is carried by many species of - Answer wild rodents, rabbits, beavers, muskrats. Francisella tularensis is sometimes called - Answer rabbit fever Francisella tularensis is acquired by - Answer 1. handaling the carcasses of infected animals
- splash it in eye or touch eye with infected fingers, causes eye lesions.
- Tick bites (tick picks it up by feeding on infected animals)
