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FINAL EXAMINATION 2026–
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Course: Mobile Application Development Total Questions: 85 | Time: 3 Hours | Total Marks: 100 SECTION A: FUNDAMENTALS & DESIGN PATTERNS (Q1–15) Q1. Which architecture pattern is officially recommended by Google for Android apps?
A) MVC
B) MVVM
C) VIPER
D) MVI
Rationale: Google’s official guidance for Android uses ViewModel + LiveData/Flow (MVVM) to separate UI from logic. Q2. What is the primary purpose of a State object in Jetpack Compose?
- A) To store database records B) To hold immutable UI configuration C) To trigger recomposition when changed
- D) To manage HTTP requests Rationale: In Compose, UI updates automatically when State changes (recomposition). Q3. In SwiftUI, which property wrapper is used to observe changes to an ObservableObject?
A) @State B) @ObservedObject C) @EnvironmentObject D) @Published Rationale: @ObservedObject subscribes to an external reference type conforming to ObservableObject. Q4. Which design pattern is central to Flutter’s reactive framework?
A) Singleton B) BLoC (Business Logic Component) C) Factory D) Decorator Rationale: BLoC uses streams to separate business logic from UI, matching Flutter’s reactive paradigm. Q5. What is the main benefit of using Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile (KMM) in 2 026?
A) It runs only on iOS B) Share business logic across Android, iOS, and desktop C) It replaces Jetpack Compose D) No need for platform-specific APIs Rationale: KMM allows sharing code for networking, database, etc., while keeping platform-specific UI. Q6. Which tool is now the standard for iOS UI development as of 2026?
- A) Imperatively changing view properties B) Describing what the UI should look like for a given state C) Using XML layouts exclusively D) Writing UI in assembly code Rationale: Declarative UI (Compose, SwiftUI, Flutter) re-renders based on state changes. Q11. In Flutter, what is the role of the BuildContext?
A) It manages app themes B) It provides location of a widget in the widget tree C) It stores app-wide state D) It handles animations Rationale: BuildContext allows widgets to access ancestors in the widget tree. Q12. What is the main advantage of Jetpack Compose over XML layouts?
A) Slower rendering B) Less code and fewer bugs due to reactive programming C) Requires more memory D) No compatibility with Kotlin Rationale: Compose reduces boilerplate and avoids view-binding errors. Q13. Which hook in React Native replaces componentDidMount?
A) useState B) useEffect with empty dependency array C) useLayoutEffect D) useReducer Rationale: useEffect(() => {...}, []) runs once after initial render. Q14. What is the purpose of DataStore in modern Android?
- A) Heavy relational database
- B) Typed, asynchronous key-value storage C) File system access D) Network caching Rationale: DataStore (PreferencesProto) is the modern replacement for SharedPreferences. Q15. Which pattern does SwiftUI use for dependency injection?
A) Dagger B) @Environment C) Koin D) Hilt Rationale: @Environment provides system-wide values like colorScheme, managed object context. SECTION B: CROSS-PLATFORM & FRAMEWORKS (Q16–35) Q16. Which framework uses Dart as its programming language?
A) React Native B) Flutter C) .NET MAUI D) SwiftUI Rationale: Flutter, developed by Google, uses Dart. Q17. What is the output of print("Hello ${2 + 3}") in Dart?
A) Hello 5 B) Hello 5 (same but with correct syntax) C) Hello {2+3} D) Compilation error Rationale: String interpolation ${expression} evaluates the expression.
- D) UIWindow Rationale: SwiftUI’s entry point is App; screens are grouped in View. Q22. Which tool is used to package a Flutter app for iOS?
A) Gradle B) Xcode C) Fastlane alone D) Android Studio Rationale: Xcode handles iOS builds; Flutter generates an Xcode project. Q23. In Jetpack Compose, which function is used to observe a Flow and trigger recomposition?
A) remember B) collectAsState C) collectAsStateWithLifecycle (latest 2026) D) produceState Rationale: collectAsStateWithLifecycle is the newest API for lifecycle-aware collection. Q24. What is the main advantage of using Expo for React Native in 2026?
A) No JavaScript required B) Managed workflow simplifies builds and updates over-the-air C) Only for web apps D) Uses Java instead of JS Rationale: Expo’s EAS allows OTA updates without app store resubmission. Q25. Which Flutter widget is used for horizontal scrolling?
A) Column B) ListView( scrollDirection: Axis.horizontal ) C) Row
- D) GridView Rationale: ListView can scroll horizontally or vertically. Q26. What is the purpose of @Composable annotation in Jetpack Compose?
A) Marks a class as a view model B) Indicates a function can emit UI C) Enables coroutines D) Injects dependencies Rationale: @Composable functions describe UI and are transformed by the compiler. Q27. In SwiftUI, how do you create a persistent state that survives view recreation?
A) @ObservedObject B) @StateObject C) @State D) @Binding Rationale: @State is for simple local persistence owned by the view. Q28. What is the primary use of ViewModel in Android’s MVVM?
A) UI rendering B) Holding and managing UI-related data across configuration changes C) Network calls only D) Database queries Rationale: ViewModel survives rotation, preserving data. Q29. Which of the following is a new UI paradigm introduced by Apple in iOS 18 (2026)?
A) Catalyst B) Spatial containers for visionOS + SwiftUI
- B) flutter_local_notifications C) push_notifier D) local_alert Rationale: flutter_local_notifications is the community standard. Q34. In Kotlin Multiplatform, what is cinterop used for?
A) Android Java interop B) Calling C/Objective-C libraries on iOS C) JavaScript interop D) Swift to Kotlin conversion Rationale: cinterop generates Kotlin bindings for native iOS libraries. Q35. Which of these is a 2026 trend in mobile architecture?
A) XML-only UI B) Server-driven UI (SDUI) with JSON C) No use of dependency injection D) Monolithic apps only Rationale: SDUI (e.g., using Flutter + Ferry) allows backend to control UI remotely. SECTION C: AI & MODERN TOOLS (Q36–50) Q36. Which AI coding assistant is now integrated into Android Studio Koala (2026)?
A) Copilot B) Studio Bot (Gemini) C) Tabnine D) CodeWhisperer
Rationale: Google integrated Gemini into Android Studio for code completion and Q&A. Q37. What is the role of ML Kit in Firebase?
- A) Cloud hosting B) On-device ML APIs (text recognition, face detection, etc.) C) Database management D) Authentication Rationale: ML Kit provides easy-to-use ML models for mobile. Q38. In Swift, what is Create ML used for?
A) Building UI B) Training and deploying Core ML models on Mac C) Creating App Store listings D) Debugging Rationale: Create ML allows training models without external tools. Q39. Which Flutter plugin enables on-device LLM inference (e.g., Phi-3 mini)?
A) flutter_llm B) llama_cpp_flutter C) tensorflow_lite_flutter D) onnx_flutter Rationale: llama_cpp_flutter is popular for running quantized LLMs in 2026. Q40. What is “Personal Voice” in iOS 18?
A) Siri wake word B) Text-to-speech using user’s own voice C) Voice cloning for games D) Accessibility zoom
- D) Font loading Rationale: Flutter now seamlessly integrates native libraries via native_assets.yaml. Q45. Which tool is used for mobile app performance monitoring in production (2026)?
A) LeakCanary B) Firebase Performance Monitoring C) Android Profiler D) Xcode Instruments Rationale: Firebase Performance gives real-world metrics from users. Q46. What does “Responsive Design” mean in mobile 2026 context?
A) UI adapts to foldables, tablets, and variable aspect ratios B) Fast scrolling C) Using only portrait mode D) No animations Rationale: With foldables and large screens, responsive layouts are mandatory. Q47. Which state management solution for Flutter is recommended by Google in 2 026?
A) Redux B) Riverpod C) setState D) MobX Rationale: Riverpod has become the official recommendation over Provider. Q48. What is “Hilt” in Android?
A) A testing framework B) Dependency injection library based on Dagger
- C) A layout engine D) A crash reporter Rationale: Hilt simplifies Dagger for Android components. Q49. Which iOS framework is used for building widgets for the Home Screen?
A) WidgetKit (since iOS 14, updated for 2026) B) WidgetKit + App Intents C) NotificationCenter D) SwiftUI only Rationale: WidgetKit remains the standard; App Intents add interactivity. Q50. What is the minimum target SDK for Android apps in 2026?
A) API 26 (Android 8) B) API 34 (Android 14) C) API 33 D) API 31 Rationale: Google Play requires target API 34+ in 2026. SECTION D: NETWORKING, STORAGE & SECURITY (Q51–70) Q51. Which protocol is used for server-sent events in mobile apps?
A) HTTP/1.
B) Server-Sent Events (EventSource) C) WebSockets (full duplex) D) FTP Rationale: SSE allows server push over HTTP; easier than WebSockets for one- way updates. Q52. How do you make a network request in Jetpack Compose safely?
- A) Directly in Composable
- B) Keychain C) CoreData D) FileManager Rationale: Keychain encrypts sensitive data like tokens. Q57. What is the latest authentication standard for mobile apps in 2026?
A) OAuth 1. B) OAuth 2.1 + PKCE C) Basic Auth D) API keys only Rationale: OAuth 2.1 (2026 revision) mandates PKCE for mobile. Q58. How do you handle offline-first apps in Flutter?
A) No offline support B) Use sqflite + synchronization with connectivity_plus C) Only network calls D) LocalStorage web Rationale: Offline-first requires local database and background sync. Q59. Which tool is used for reverse engineering mobile apps security testing?
A) Android Studio B) Frida / Objection C) Firebase Console D) Xcode Rationale: Frida is used for dynamic instrumentation during pen testing. Q60. What is “App Attest” on iOS?
A) App store review B) Device attestation to prevent API abuse
- C) Code signing only D) Crash reporting Rationale: App Attest validates that requests come from a legitimate app instance. Q61. Which of these is a 2026 security requirement for Google Play?
A) No encryption needed B) All apps must target API 34+ and use Play Integrity API C) No permissions required D) HTTP allowed by default Rationale: Play Integrity API is mandatory for abuse protection. Q62. In React Native, how do you securely store JWT tokens?
A) AsyncStorage B) react-native-keychain C) Redux store D) Global variable Rationale: Keychain (iOS) / Keystore (Android) are secure. Q63. What is “Biometric Prompt” in Android?
A) Face unlock only B) Standardized dialog for fingerprint/face authentication C) Password manager D) App lock Rationale: BiometricPrompt provides consistent auth UI. Q64. How does iOS handle background data sync efficiently?
A) Continuous background service B) BackgroundTasks framework (BGTaskScheduler) C) AlarmManager
Rationale: .task modifier handles lifecycle and cancellation. Q69. Which Flutter package is standard for OAuth2 flows?
- A) http B) flutter_appauth C) dio D) oauth2_client Rationale: flutter_appauth wraps AppAuth for OAuth2. Q70. What is “Firestore Offline Persistence”?
A) No offline support B) Caches Firestore data locally for offline reads/writes C) Only for iOS D) Requires manual syncing Rationale: Firestore automatically syncs after reconnection. SECTION E: ADVANCED & EMERGING TRENDS (Q71–85) Q71. What is “Edge Computing” in mobile context?
A) Computing on cloud only B) Processing data close to user (e.g., 5G edge nodes) C) Offline only D) GPU rendering Rationale: Edge reduces latency for real-time apps like AR/VR. Q72. Which framework is used for building AR experiences on both iOS and Android?
A) ARKit only B) Google’s ARCore + Sceneform C) Metal
- D) Vulkan Rationale: ARCore works on Android and iOS; Sceneform simplifies. Q73. What is “Quantum-safe cryptography” in mobile 2026?
A) Same as RSA B) Algorithms resistant to quantum computer attacks C) Not used yet D) Only for banking Rationale: NIST post-quantum algorithms (CRYSTALS-Kyber) are now in mobile SDKs. Q74. In Jetpack Compose, what is the purpose of derivedStateOf?
A) Creates new state B) Reduces recomposition by deriving computed state C) Observes Flow D) Saves instance state Rationale: derivedStateOf avoids recomposition when only computed values matter. Q75. What is the name of Apple’s 2026 framework for spatial computing apps?
A) RealityKit 2 B) SwiftSpatial C) ARKit Pro D) VisionOS SDK Rationale: SwiftSpatial unifies 3D content with SwiftUI. Q76. Which tool allows hot reload in React Native across emulator and physical device?
A) Fast Refresh (built into Metro) B) Fast Refresh (same, but correct)
