Docsity
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Docsity AI
Docsity AI
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search for your university

Find the specific documents for your university's exams

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

Modern-Standard Model, Slides of Particle Physics

University of Pennsylvania (UPenn)Particle Physics

According to the Standard Model, a proton is con- structed of two up quarks and one down quark (uud) and a neutron is constructed of one up quark and.

Typology: Slides

2022/2023

Uploaded on 05/11/2023

parvini
parvini 🇺🇸

4.5

(15)

243 documents

1 / 6

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Name: Period:
Modern-Standard Model
APlusPhysics: Modern-Standard ModelPage 212 MOD.C1
1. The strong force is the force of
1. repulsion between protons
2. attraction between protons and electrons
3. repulsion between nucleons
4. attraction between nucleons
2. The tau neutrino, the muon neutrino, and the elec-
tron neutrino are all
1. leptons
2. hadrons
3. baryons
4. mesons
Base your answers to questions 3 and 4 on the informa-
tion below.
A lambda particle consists of an up, a down, and a
strange quark.
3. A lambda particle can be classified as a
1. baryon
2. lepton
3. meson
4. photon
4. What is the charge of a lambda particle in elemen-
tary charges?
5. According to the Standard Model, a proton is con-
structed of two up quarks and one down quark (uud)
and a neutron is constructed of one up quark and
two down quarks (udd). During beta decay, a neutron
decays into a proton, an electron, and an electron
antineutrino. During this process there is a conver-
sion of a
1. u quark to a d quark
2. d quark to a meson
3. baryon to another baryon
4. lepton to another lepton
6. Which statement is true of the strong nuclear force?
1. It acts over very great distances
2. It holds protons and neutrons together
3. It is much weaker than gravitational forces
4. It repels neutral charges
7. Which combination of quarks could produce a neu-
tral baryon?
1. cdt
2. cts
3. cdb
4. cdu
8. A meson may not have a charge of
1. +1e
2. +2e
3. 0e
4. -1e
Base your answers to questions 9 and 10 on the informa-
tion and equation below.
During the process of beta (β-) emission, a neutron in the
nucleus of an atom is converted into a proton, an elec-
tron, an electron antineutrino, and energy.
neutron →proton+electron +
electron antineutrino+energy
9. Based on conservation laws, how does the mass of
the neutron compare to the mass of the proton?
10. Since charge must be conserved in the reaction
shown, what charge must an electron antineutrino
carry?
11. Protons and neutrons are examples of
1. positrons
2. baryons
3. mesons
4. quarks
12. The force that holds protons and neutrons together
is known as the
1. gravitational force
2. strong force
3. magnetic force
4. electrostatic force
pf3
pf4
pf5

Partial preview of the text

Download Modern-Standard Model and more Slides Particle Physics in PDF only on Docsity!

Modern-Standard Model

Page 212 MOD.C1 APlusPhysics: Modern-Standard Model

  1. The strong force is the force of
    1. repulsion between protons
    2. attraction between protons and electrons
    3. repulsion between nucleons
    4. attraction between nucleons
  2. The tau neutrino, the muon neutrino, and the elec- tron neutrino are all
    1. leptons
    2. hadrons
    3. baryons
    4. mesons Base your answers to questions 3 and 4 on the informa- tion below. A lambda particle consists of an up, a down, and a strange quark.
  3. A lambda particle can be classified as a
    1. baryon
    2. lepton
    3. meson
    4. photon
  4. What is the charge of a lambda particle in elemen- tary charges?
  5. According to the Standard Model, a proton is con- structed of two up quarks and one down quark ( uud ) and a neutron is constructed of one up quark and two down quarks ( udd ). During beta decay, a neutron decays into a proton, an electron, and an electron antineutrino. During this process there is a conver- sion of a 1. u quark to a d quark 2. d quark to a meson
    1. baryon to another baryon
    2. lepton to another lepton
  6. Which statement is true of the strong nuclear force?
    1. It acts over very great distances
    2. It holds protons and neutrons together
    3. It is much weaker than gravitational forces
    4. It repels neutral charges
      1. Which combination of quarks could produce a neu- tral baryon? 1. cdt 2. cts 3. cdb 4. cdu
      2. A meson may not have a charge of
        1. +1e
        2. +2e
        3. 0e
        4. -1e Base your answers to questions 9 and 10 on the informa- tion and equation below. During the process of beta (β-) emission, a neutron in the nucleus of an atom is converted into a proton, an elec- tron, an electron antineutrino, and energy.

neutron → proton + electron +

electron antineutrino + energy

  1. Based on conservation laws, how does the mass of the neutron compare to the mass of the proton?
  2. Since charge must be conserved in the reaction shown, what charge must an electron antineutrino carry?
  3. Protons and neutrons are examples of
    1. positrons
    2. baryons
    3. mesons
    4. quarks
  4. The force that holds protons and neutrons together is known as the
    1. gravitational force
    2. strong force
    3. magnetic force
    4. electrostatic force

Modern-Standard Model

APlusPhysics: Modern-Standard Model MOD.C1 Page 213

  1. The particles in the nucleus are held together pri- marily by the
    1. strong force
    2. gravitational force
    3. electrostatic force
    4. magnetic force
      1. Baryons may have charges of
      2. +1 e and +4/3 e
      3. +2 e and +3 e
      4. -1 e and +1 e
      5. -2 e and -2/3 e Base your answers to questions 13 through 16 on the passage below and on your knowledge of physics. More Sci- Than Fi, Physicists Create Antimatter Physicists working in Europe announced yesterday that they had passed through nature’s looking glass and had created atoms made of antimatter, or antiatoms, opening up the possibility of experiments in a realm once reserved for science fiction writers. Such experiments, theorists say, could test some of the basic tenets of modern physics and light the way to a deeper understanding of nature. By corralling [holding together in groups] clouds of antimatter particles in a cylindrical chamber laced with detectors and electric and magnetic fields, the physicists assembled antihydrogen atoms, the looking glass equivalent of hydrogen, the most simple atom in nature. Whereas hydrogen consists of a positively charged proton circled by a negatively charged electron, in antihydrogen the proton’s counterpart, a positively charged antiproton, is circled by an antielectron, otherwise known as a positron. According to the standard theories of physics, the antimatter universe should look identical to our own. An- tihydrogen and hydrogen atoms should have the same properties, emitting the exact same frequencies of light, for example.... Antimatter has been part of physics since 1927 when its existence was predicted by the British physicist Paul Dirac. The antielectron, or positron, was discovered in 1932. According to the theory, matter can only be created in particle-antiparticle pairs. It is still a mystery, cosmologists say, why the universe seems to be overwhelmingly com- posed of normal matter. Dennis Overbye, “More Sci- Than Fi, Physicists Create Antimatter,” New York Times, Sept. 19, 2002
  2. The author of the passage concerning antimatter incorrectly reported the findings of the experiment on antimatter. Which particle mentioned in the article has the charge incorrectly identified?
  3. How should the emission spectrum of antihydrogen compare to the emission spectrum of hydrogen?
  4. Identify one characteristic that antimatter particles must possess if clouds of them can be corralled by electric and magnetic fields.
  5. According to the article, why is it a mystery that “the universe seems to be overwhelmingly composed of normal matter?”

Modern-Standard Model

APlusPhysics: Modern-Standard Model MOD.C1 Page 215 Base your answers to questions 32 through 34 on the passage below. For years, theoretical physicists have been refining a mathematical method called lattice quantum chromody- namics to enable them to predict the masses of particles consisting of various combinations of quarks and antiquarks. They recently used the theory to calculate the mass of the rare Bc particle, consisting of a charm quark and a bottom antiquark. The predicted mass of the Bc particle was about six times the mass of a proton. Shortly after the prediction was made, physicists working at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fer- milab, were able to measure the mass of the Bc particle experimentally and found it to agree with the theoretical predic- tion to within a few tenths of a percent. In the experiment, the physicists sent beams of protons and antiprotons moving at 99.999% the speed of light in opposite directions around a ring 1.0 kilometer in radius. The protons and antiprotons were kept in their circular paths by powerful electromagnets. When the protons and antiprotons collided, their energy produced numerous new particles, including the elusive Bc. These results indicate that lattice quantum chromodynamics is a powerful tool not only for confirming the masses of existing particles, but also for predicting the masses of particles that have yet to be discovered in the labora- tory.

  1. Identify the class of matter to which the Bc particle belongs.
  2. Determine both the sign and the magnitude of the charge of the Bc particle in elementary charges.
  3. Explain how it is possible for a colliding proton and antiproton to produce a particle with six times the mass of either.
  4. The diagram below represents the sequence of events (steps 1 through 10) resulting in the production of a D– meson and a D+^ meson. An electron and a positron (antielectron) collide (step 1), annihilate each other (step 2), and become energy (step 3). This energy produces an anticharm quark and a charm quark (step 4), which then split apart (steps 5 through 7). As they split, a down quark and an antidown quark are formed, leading to the final production of a D–^ meson and a D+^ meson (steps 8 through 10). Which statement best describes the changes that occur in this sequence of events?
    1. Energy is converted into matter and then matter is converted into energy.
    2. Matter is converted into energy and then energy is converted into matter.
    3. Isolated quarks are being formed from baryons.
    4. Hadrons are being converted into leptons.

Modern-Standard Model

Page 216 MOD.C1 APlusPhysics: Modern-Standard Model Base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on the table be- low, which shows data about various subatomic particles.

  1. Which particle listed on the table has the opposite charge of, and is more massive than, a proton?
    1. antiproton
    2. neutron
    3. lambda
    4. omega
  2. All the particles listed on the table are classified as
    1. mesons
    2. hadrons
    3. antimatter
    4. leptons
  3. According to the Standard Model of Particle Physics, a meson is composed of
    1. a quark and a muon neutrino
    2. a quark and an antiquark
    3. three quarks
    4. a lepton and an antilepton
  4. A particle unaffected by an electric field could have a quark composition of
    1. css
    2. bbb
    3. udc
    4. uud
  5. A helium atom consists of two protons, two elec- trons, and two neutrons. In the helium atom, the strong force is a fundamental interaction between the
    1. electrons, only
    2. electrons and protons
    3. neutrons and electrons
    4. neutrons and protons
      1. A lithium atom consists of 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons. This atom contains a total of
      2. 9 quarks and 7 leptons
      3. 12 quarks and 6 leptons
      4. 14 quarks and 3 leptons
      5. 21 quarks and 3 leptons
      6. A top quark has an approximate charge of
      7. -1.07 × 10-19^ C
      8. -2.40 × 10-19^ C
      9. +1.07 × 10-19^ C
      10. +2.40 × 10-19^ C
      11. The composition of a meson with a charge of - elementary charge could be
      12. sc
      13. dss
      14. ub
      15. ucd
      16. In a process called pair production, an energetic gamma ray is converted into an electron and a posi- tron. It is not possible for a gamma ray to be con- verted into two electrons because
      17. charge must be conserved
      18. momentum must be conserved
      19. mass-energy must be conserved
      20. baryon number must be conserved
      21. An antibaryon composed of two antiup quarks and one antidown quark would have a charge of
      22. +1e
      23. -1e
      24. 0e
      25. -3e
      26. Which force is responsible for producing a stable nucleus by opposing the electrostatic force of repul- sion between protons?
      27. strong
      28. weak
      29. frictional
      30. gravitational