Module 1: Foundational Knowledge and Basic Science CCMA, Exams of Medicine

Download Module 1: Foundational Knowledge and Basic Science CCMA and more Exams Medicine in PDF only on Docsity! Module 1: Foundational Knowledge and Basic Science CCMA Scope of Practice - ANS A specific set of standards that a medical professional may perform within the limits of the medical license, registration, and/or certification. Certification - ANS Verification by an outside agency that an employer is following established guidelines and standards of care and providing the highest quality of care for their patients. MA Administrative Responsibilities - ANS Scheduling patient appointments, patient registration, updating and working in patient records, sending claims to insurance, collecting patient responsibility amounts. MA Clinical Duties - ANS Collecting and processing lab specimens, performing diagnostic testing (EKG, Spirometry), Preparing and cleaning examination rooms, preparing the patient for evaluation and procedure, measuring vital signs, and preparing medications/administering immunizations Who determines the scope of medical assistants? - ANS State Medical Boards; individual and company policies may be stricter but must comply with state regulations. Why might a medical assistant pursue further certification? - ANS Obtaining additional certifications, such as CET and CBCS, will increase the scope of work for an MA and can lead to better job opportunities Occupational Therapists - ANS Assist patients who have conditions that disable them developmentally, emotionally, mentally, or physically. Physical Therapists - ANS Assist patients in improving strength, mobility, and range of motion. Which professions may have a scope that includes managing patient care independently? - ANS Medical providers and Osteopathic providers. (Some state NPs, but in most no) Radiology Technicians - ANS use various imaging equipment to assist the provider in diagnosing and treating certain diseases. Pharmacy technicians - ANS may perform routine medication dispensing functions that do not require the expertise or judgment of a licensed pharmacist. Must work under the direct supervision of a pharmacist. Medical receptionists - ANS check patients in and out, answer phones, schedule appointments, and perform other administrative tasks. Medical laboratory technicians - ANS perform diagnostic testing on blood, bodily fluids, and other specimens under the supervision of a medical technologist. Endorsement - ANS The process of a state/territory granting a license to an applicant who is licensed in good standing at the equivalent designation in another jurisdiction. Reciprocity - ANS Agreement or arrangement that allows resident licensees of one reciprocal state to obtain a license in another reciprocal state. Which of the following describes the process for obtaining a medical license from one state based on requirements being met in another state? - ANS Reciprocity What are the advantages of being certified as a medical assistant, even if it is not legally required in a state? - ANS Advantages of certification include increased initial job placement, higher wages, and career advancement opportunities. When employees hire a certified MA, they know they are already equipped with the foundational knowledge and experience to effectively manage their job responsibilities. Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) - ANS An insured person does not need a PCP and can go directly to a specialist without referrals. Although patients can see providers in or out of their network, an in- network provider usually costs less. A network of physicians, other health care practitioners, and hospitals that have joined together to contract with insurance companies, employers, or other organizations to provide health care to subscribers for a discounted fee. Point-of-Service - ANS Allow a great deal of flexibility for patients. They can self-refer to specialists and do not need an assigned PCP. The cost depends on whether the providers they see are within the plan's panel. A type of managed care health insurance plan that is based on lower medical costs in exchange for more limited choice. What is the primary difference between fee-for-service and value-based care? - ANS In fee-for-service models, the cost to the insurance and patient is determined by the cost of services provided. In value- based models, the cost is determined by the value to the patient and their long-term health. Adverse Reaction - ANS Unwanted or undesired effects that are possibly related to taking a medication, usually secondary to the main effect of the medication. Urgent Care - ANS provides an alternative to the emergency department. They cost less, have a shorter wait time, and are often conveniently located. Most have flexible hours and offer walk-in appointments. They are appropriate to use for non-life-threatening acute injuries and illnesses. Laboratory services - ANS perform diagnostic testing on blood, body fluids, and other specimens to conclude a diagnosis for the provider. Diagnostic imaging - ANS machines such as x-ray equipment, ultrasound machines, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computerized tomography (CT) take images of body parts to further diagnose a condition. Occupational therapy - ANS assists patients who have conditions that disable them developmentally, emotionally, mentally, or physically. Help the patient compensate for the loss of functions and rebuild to a functional level. Physical therapy - ANS assists patients in regaining mobility and improving strength and range of motion, often impaired by an accident, injury, or disease. Analgesics - ANS Relieve pain Antacids/anti-ulcer - ANS Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Antibiotics - ANS Bacterial infections Anticholinergics - ANS Smooth muscle spasms Anticoagulants - ANS Delay blood clotting Anticonvulsants - ANS Prevent or control seizures Antidepressants - ANS Relieve depression Antidiarrheals - ANS Reduce diarrhea Antiemetics - ANS Reduce nausea, vomiting Antifungals - ANS Fungal infections Antihistamines - ANS Relieve allergies Antihypertensives - ANS Lower blood pressure Anti-inflammatories - ANS Reduce inflammation Antilipemics - ANS Lower cholesterol Antimigraine agents - ANS Relieve migraine headaches Anti-osteoporosis agents - ANS improve bone density Antipsychotics - ANS Psychosis Antipyretics - ANS Reduce fever Skeletal/muscle relaxants - ANS Reduce or prevent muscle spasms Antitussives/expectorants - ANS Control cough, promote the elimination of mucus Antivirals - ANS Viral infections Anxiolytics - ANS Reduce anxiety Bronchodilators - ANS Relax airway muscles A patient has a prescription for medication to treat a bacterial infection. When taking this medication, the patient experiences nausea. Which of the following describes nausea caused by the antibiotic? - ANS Side Effect What are the differences between side effects and adverse reactions? - ANS A side effect is an unintended, undesirable action on the body caused by a medication, which is known and expected, as well as relatively harmless to the patient. Side effects may lead a patient to decline a medication but are not cause to avoid prescribing or recommending the medication. An adverse reaction is an unintended, harmful action of the medication, which may be unexpected and can cause death or long-term damage to the patient. Patients with known adverse reactions to medication should not be prescribed that medication. 15 drops (gtt) - ANS 1 mL 1 teaspoon (tsp) - ANS 5 mL 1 tablespoon (tbsp) - ANS 15 mL 1 fluid ounce (oz), 2 tbsp - ANS 30 mL 1 cup - ANS 240 mL 1 pint - ANS 480 mL (about 500 mL) 1 quart - ANS 960 mL (about 1 L) 1 gallon - ANS 3,830 mL 2.2 pounds (lb) - ANS 1 kilogram (kg) Perform three checks before administering any medication. - ANS Check the medication against the prescription when the medication is selected. Check the medication and prescription when preparing the dose. Recheck the medication before restocking the bottle. Strategies to Avoid Errors in Handling Look-Alike and Sound-Alike Medications - ANS Do not use abbreviations for medication names. Use "tall man" (mixed case) letters to emphasize parts of medication names that could cause confusion (cefoTEtan and cefOXitin). Change the appearance of look-alike medication names to alert staff to their differences. Create labels with indications or purposes for use, such as adding a "diuretic" label to hydrochlorothiazide packaging. Store look-alike or sound-alike medications in separate areas in medication cabinets or rooms. Alter computer selection screens to avoid having look-alike medication names appear consecutively four actions pharmacokinetics - ANS absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion Absorption - ANS the body converts the medication into a form the body can use and moves it into the bloodstream. The process also varies with the route. The speed depends on other factors as well, such as how easily the medication dissolves in fat. Another factor is the surface area available for absorption. Distribution - ANS is the transportation of the medication throughout the body. There are some barriers (blood-brain, placenta) Metabolism - ANS changes active forms of the medication into harmless metabolites ready for excretion through urine or feces. The liver is the primary organ, but the kidneys also help some medications. infants and older adults have the least efficient Excretion - ANS removal of a medication's metabolites from the body rights of medication administration - ANS the right patient, medication, dose, time, and route Right Patient - ANS The most common verification method is asking patients to state their full name and date of birth Right Medication - ANS Check the label three times to verify the medication name, strength, and dose— often referred to as the "three befores." Right Dose - ANS Compare the dosage on the prescription in the patient's medical record on the provider's order with the dosage on the medication's label. Right Time - ANS In most office and clinic settings, medical assistants give medications right after the provider writes the prescription. Nevertheless, it is essential to confirm whether the medication has any timing specifications, such as the patient having an empty stomach or waiting several hours after taking another medication (such as an antacid) that might interact with the new medication. Right Route - ANS Medical assistants must compare the route on the prescription in the medical record with the administration route they are planning to use. physcian's desk reference (PDR) - ANS Reference book that provides a guide to prescription medication information. Right Technique - ANS Medical assistants must know and understand the correct techniques for administering medications Vitamin B2 - ANS Fat and protein metabolism Vitamin B3 - ANS Carbohydrate and fat metabolism Vitamin B6 - ANS Enzyme assistance in the amino acid synthesis Vitamin B12 - ANS Protein and fat metabolism, nerve-cell maintenance, cell development Vitamin C - ANS Immunity, iron absorption, the structure of bones, muscle, and blood vessels St. John's wort - ANS Treatment for depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders Black cohosh - ANS Relief of menopause symptoms, including hot flashes, night sweats, headaches, heart palpitations, and mood changes Melatonin - ANS naturally occurring hormone in the brain. Also can be taken as a supplement to potentially help with sleep regulation and combat aging (studies validate the support of sleep regulation but do not support anti-aging benefits Willow bark - ANS Pain relief (one of the main ingredients of aspirin comes this) Glucosamine sulfate - ANS Promote healthy cartilage formation to maintain or replace wear and tear on joints Gingko biloba - ANS Improve memory and mental function by increasing blood flow to the brain Dietary Needs for Diabetes - ANS The goal of a healthy diet for a person who has diabetes is to control blood sugar levels, preventing blood sugar from going too high and too low. Eating several small, nutrient-dense meals consistently throughout the day. Avoiding or severely limiting foods high in added sugars. Properly balancing blood sugar is essential when high-sugar foods are consumed. Limiting foods high in carbohydrates, especially those with refined grains. Consuming more fiber. Fiber is an essential nutrient to help break down carbohydrates. Step I Kidney Modification - ANS Limit Salt/Sodium Step II Kidney Modification - ANS Be cautious with protein Step III Kidney Modification - ANS Protect Heart Step IV Kidney Modification - ANS Minimize Phosphorus Intake (Late Stage) Step V Kidney Modification - ANS Control Potassium Levels (Late Stage) Anorexia - ANS Self-starvation Perfectionism Extreme sensitivity to criticism Excessive fear of weight gain Weight loss of at least 15% Amenorrhea (no menstrual periods) Denial of feelings of hunger Excessive exercising Ritualistic eating behavior Extreme control of behavior Unrealistic image of the self as obese Bulimia - ANS involves eating large amounts of food (binging) and then purging by self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics. Binge Eating - ANS similar to bulimia nervosa, without the purging behavior. With this disorder, people chronically overeat. The major manifestation is weight gain and obesity.