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: Sui Gotalyak redone SEBS i al we iil telld LIAS —c7 aw / woe oN Ree oak > “i Pact * Tf Pt es) Ni wed Hiatt = 5 fonder on vi TAP Rote drm o aX J | ~ athgnes ~ Set { depends of Hee thie aco _ Suche ens Sood Ss ah tyee— Sta=s net 3 3 @&)) Teicke R—-x 4s, R-R + Nax Reagat any thor | CHa Connol be psepened. . j | Odd wo: f Cmchoin “ey ale de pega an Also Jano eit : aN Wrote ibting yon / ae From Crvignend Reagnt z od R— Mgx oe K Ke Salk Mg eng Jota ha? ax Sodalime on 2 Ex: cy (P>,, pheOH +00 , bell eee i : CH, — Coort ro) . ® CWy- C~O cH, aa 5 CHy— CH, + COr atin ane oT w CHa Coot, h J C2 H ik AF Kolbe Echols : | | fot z a: 2) CH C-ODNa Myo Etec, CH ye CH, © COn fhe * NaOF ow ' pinerisabton Dede Clhedke AE Covey ~AHoane Syntheats 5 ND Rx 4.9% —> R-U 4+ Ux 29 2R-G 4 Cut pe) Main Yen R, Cy y, Rees R- R-R’ + Grr Garr Orxee "LEE °f Gi need) ° yu => _ 2) Cul CHa cl PMc CHa CHa CH, ae From Cashonyl Compounrel = ; : _ Ro R 4) poche + aCe] — a He + H,© 2) ete + 4H] —> R-CH, +H,0 Re ducin ee Ne . fe Tao : 2h Clemmensons Reducfion + RY = 2 NH NM, ees Zn =e > Se = ma HH ce =n aH 0 > Ps Of Hel : he + H,0 ——_— a — — RH HR 4k Cb Chlovinabon : Basal A =) cH, Gals, CH, CL — CH, CL, os (Hg ll = Cai. } Ew ~(CH.— Cloth As : a a. CH3~ CHa = Ch, athe, ‘CH wen, 4 CHy~CH, Gy =U — 6x SO Maja Miner 72K 3-8 C44) : Hance hy @2°H wi ill qet- Cnclange ol wilh e Oe I How frodagel —9 Majes » Je bade ho, urs HY badd a 4 ne Par —s Pradwk—o{ Majer) ® ar B vor ination 3. Balhy — $0, Be, 5 Brominahy (HED) Red, 7 Reagne \2 nbs , NB 4 . [x- Ww be e Gan & tenn ae Lodinabon : | bast diya} 7 Q-H Til, R-T + HI aha ote lets ° (H To, @) HNd3}9 this wil consti TEs my LT done mai 2 R-H + OH-S0,H ——9 R-SOQH + Hr Cones $$ 04 —> a ania acid. ae Esornentsation , . : sete Q 5 AlCl, +Hel Cx: OA 7e%,03 B ~ = x ~~ a Hel dye + >> Exts C4 Sige) wba 7 + Gta ® Ce Aho ans or”. bits. ———_* a BeaMpONO SESH Un ased aalcraies eS Cx: =) [cn +20, — CO. + 2H) TCH, +ho, _ 20, +340] Zp complete combubbion ~» [CO \@s (Ecs5) foeved 3 GOS (entra of syUlalus J im Doc - AE Roe wilh Stearn! CHa t HO aK, CO + 3Hy L whibers [Cote pee } Syn dR NCERC: (See CoUn tH DCW, A228 chy + CHa tHe CHP? Cty 4 CoH Coe + CH= CHa Ch obi Absent 9 ais Za ar CH ighew alRones BCA Less cl kanea 2 CH, B22 C+ 2th a C git, 125 ood, Ch,=CH-CHs CHS 4 Hy + He 304 / CHE: ans 7 pressure in the presence ofoxides of vanadium, ~~ (CH) + Oni See” C162, OW molybdenum or chromium supported over alumina get dehydrogenated and cyclised to benzene and its homologues. This reaction is Alkanes on he known as aromatization or reforming. ) of dioxygen or air at hae pre JE8s cine. /VOs /Md,2, presence of suitable cataly aricty ol CH CH oxidation produ mare ay 2 3 “ino =O) @ 2CH, + O, — a5 2CH, OH CH, Cli, WaeaK Mistral Nou? 10-20 atm 2 Mo,0 ea (9.26) cH, +0, A HCHO + H,0 Toluene (C;H,) is methyl derivative of Methanal benzene. Which alkane do you suggest for (9.22) preparation of toluene ? (N-H epteme (ch, Mn 9c MB 2CH,CH, #30253 A. 2cH,COOH Methane reacts with steam at 1273 K in the Ethanoic acid presence of nickel catalyst to form carbon + 2H,0 monoxide and dihydrogen. This method is (9.23) used for industrial preparation of dihydrogen |! Ordinarily alkanes resist oxidation but gas alkanes having tertiary H atom can be Ni oxidized to corresponding alcohols by [cH + Hao Aico + 3H, (9.27) potassium permanganate. - KMno, (iCH,), CH ¢ Oxidation (CH,), COH Higher alkanes on heating to higher temperature decompose into lower alkanes, alkenes etc. Such a decomposition reaction (9.24) — into smaller fragments by the, Application of) heat is called pyrolysis or cracking. 2-Methylpropane 2-Methylpropanc-2-01 n-Alkanes on heating in the presence of r—> CH, + H, anhydrous aluminium chloride and hydrogen ! 773K 1 i; chloride gas isomcrise to branched chain CoH 9 CH, + CH, alkanes. Major products are given below. L_5 CH, + C.H,+CH Some minor produc ts are also possible w! hich you can think over. Minor products. are , (9.28) gencrally not reported in organic reactions. — Pyrolysis of alkanes is believed to be a CH,(CH),),CH, ICL / HCI free radical reaction. Preparation of oil gas n-iexane ee ee oe ee CH, CRC dy CH, +CH, sCH, o CH-CH, CH, cxample, dodecane, a constituent of kerosene ca ch, oil on heating to 973K in the presence of 3 platinum, palladium or nickel gives a mixture 2-Methylpentane 3-Methylpenatone of heptane and pentenc. fats V0 Ws WE (9.25) _ hearint et font cadson CigHas “RAY CoHig. + CeHio + Bai ; n-Alkanes having six or more carbon atoms — Doedecane Heptane Pentene =m“ on heating to 773K at 10-20 atmospheric (9.29) reer = \ : as I pene teltd st 44 TE LUmtaalion Rom : } ' Bile Los TOH e or ‘Dehyd xehalogenodfon : ; ee _ Gary W a 2 Alechel | = SoS >) —-co_— euclophil a ) CH, qi x ag. oa CHy— CH OH + x2 | bubsti kibion Ren 4 Te Bek nok AfRene + G vncchantins Hasving lyroull all Nel ~ Ch, —y AdeKor, CH= Ch, +H.0 XC» pa AlRew!1! B° o B ; (2am) ; 2) CH,-CH —cH, —cH, Afe-KoH “OC a \ z 30 Po =e, x a N Tr Er, W which is Melt mann Prod Om — —perip\nnes Coppesbe) 2. Ale _ [Miner] oh Ab mauik be rem ; Karka hat sok? » (En) fon oe ae Debydastion of Alcohol : (Es) é trerge bane 3’, OH —> Voy bad ack av ? 3 Cy CH, oe rots, CAL CH H 2) -Te mee "I -H,0 Al = Chong dleve a = — Cosbocekion On Cee by adlli Ziv, Th =) cH off Cons nice at all Such og ALO, 0: (8B bm. Neto. dehelde ED) => " Sferceaprelfie_¥: an Gemma Ghchide — nn, icine dikibe = hae i ale [Atzelnvation] = a ZOE w [in CH Yoon) (Wy- Coe cH, > CHy= ¢ —e ey \ \ 7 HW \ \ ‘(® SNeE\ othe ene — Se . Cu Ey nH (as Ba eR cm acelous. cH, yf, Ne ~~ 5 wn 1 Bx HRendiy eo] \ ol ee Seagoucy I ke chee (ey) nog. ee Bese ae Abi cH 6 01 Chu, cu, ie ay iG za CHa 0° a ee Which ¢ cf “tegead, | Cpe cl chip Rega : ESE . SX Ae Alivion HBy 3 a ~™ fee lor ‘ a. | SC bese] fone) AE Alldshon of H—O Fin of ha 7 14 Acid — Cabal sec talyred Hy duction ; oD HeOfnt =D AM Hoon Cn Fowl PI by MR Qh @ inexconab on Je De mescusatin: 9 Miwon = (1) Hy Cone) (OMDN) : by Be Ci) NaBH, No Carbocabon. 3} Aghebowhen (B2H,) x40) =S> AML H-on L by AMR a) 1B Add” 9| acid aa Q} Bie kM RO rete lee” | Hi H i 5 Ke , Fanod ho, oO Hy CoAe), © gn treed Bd Na BH, awe . | Hro/H* ) - H30+ tye Hyg Q@Ac), => = -¢ Cu3 ~ 0-6 ay ne Br to Se hindevace tis c Racery CH Vo ’ a Nexe of By./ecle, —c “@* | H cH aca By Lect cu i ~\ 3 H “> e totey rs Qaesc & [ese Hc S, pe Ss / = 4 fee) | SHY > He ar = > > ey = alk ik por finenhiee # MOP Bene: sess Bular het IV Nop -Z ih Mole Eras: ext C—O Nx _ + Ho Uechelass, Y/'. co, tHit cH rae re + Neon NO ae ee Sasic Neduve. 24 Dlg by By FT =) HC = “E = 6 =O oe CH3-C= =~ cy i i : ys ; 338 ono BE cy. 4 A jhe: =) Cad, + 2H,0 ——>5 GH, + CAH), Ace tylens Gay). =) My, Cs +*4HL0 = Gee Pro) 4) Peperdion of Aighs Mg vx dine Tower Miya? 5 wn CHs 2 Re we = par Gi cec —-M, CH, Ce oe oneal Poatyre- _ a HEleulro philic aden ‘ ——_—— 44 do Hx: « ICY ys Cee- 4 HBr, cHy- e+ CH, Hy auld Mol utoe]: ca Le of \ ' a; a ne SC hae He eB Hs os Foo (Etlhe) b) . - 2 Uy~cac_u Bete Hy =C-H Tao, CHa ¢ ee B — es SCH: aICLECSR) Ball gf Hoc foutef oO 0 L XCH 3 —-CHC-H Hea. Wy ey 7 > chs = de CM, CL aq oe aan oH SL Bach, ‘puta, (4 > a c= C-H boot § CA My-cCHad —H — aah ps ee ig meee 4 Wl of loc ine a3]: j ° et ipa Nocr No aide - : 3¢ = Me cL 43- C=c¢ -H MES a Jaga ScEEm — _ I ~o Xe re — LH ww he ~ — S\at Fomaton _ Be Bonrene IS} | Ne 7. 2 3(cu= cn) EL Hse oo > 3CU Hs a es _ SS a L Ch Haloyination! /® Am a ee : TO oT C= en tn 2 Us—coe Hu / “B= “ey 5 Ones} a4f—2s cH; — 5 - _ _ = = By #5 Ceonelysis:5 “CH, 37 Cec Osan, yy Sereles ‘no. 1 of 83 Ren dw to flake Ho: A Keacbon tb Clon —&E ‘ “lh FE HOP | Barren O: 1) 3 (crac) Bdbt, AA, fae, o On . . br 3 : xh cm =, oO "gy rh eee a 55 CS Safeet, pulet oy ae a as HyPO _H3P 0, /5, ‘ emer ONT He a) 4 ey tai et dag onc i ada CRN) I~ oi Cage gal 4e Chemica: sop erties o Benzene co: perzene Hera chloride Henra chloride No oxy ; » ti OT 14,2;3)4)5,6 — (innhsg—herachlets - Gulohenent] B00 - t Lia pea ole. <9) java teal PY x sal } {© Gen eadion af EO Ath Benzene EBS Kobe Areragic cot @ Pepain Z Anenatiity ae c o- nck compen} + c® Lomonse, Bogner se, vers Bl Vaxcovin | —omplene dlggs a 9p dna 5 shoe © | pred bef (ech Hart | C2en coe poried EMI] 9, ; at oh ! Pe BNET cy | [Toda Nikvabion ey Fn Fed dee ~ ' Deactiveleg ralepnakion ) , Sulghoneia. oh, . Atiylin otek OG thr 4 oa Ring ttt Chlariahs, Ovminabinn 9 i No,t ot y Ae EAS : oe — SO, i era ee aS De AY d} Nikebion: Os high ° oo | Ob Cty — EL AL (Hy _® 2 ALC, | ’ Deoskivafes / / Hp ce _Oty-cl_ can (ale “ATS ay Tea ° qe Destine 1A TICE Q Si om i aN funtion & Own ‘ Ses ot | { (Deachivers civoker Gan $e Limiketions J Fidel Fidel Cael Ran? {Fer} , pee ale NO) CN; Ben] rte en eben th Exe, eer LINE Give FLIR- jo. Deacivehss x! #24 ODN, ALCL | ao aun So _ 3 +Os-ce \ PIGS] Seed AlAs , 3 ely, - tCh,~eL (camel 
