Mood Disorders and Suicide - Abnormal Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Abnormal Psychology

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Mood Disorders and Suicide

Outline

• Mood disorders, depression and mania

• Depressive disorders

• Bipolar disorders

• Causes of mood disorders

• Treatment of mood disorders

• Suicide

Mood disorders, depression and mania

• Unipolar mood disorder
  • Individuals experience either depression or mania

but not both

• Bipolar mood disorder
  • Individuals alternate between depression and

mania

Mood disorders

• Additional statistics

• 32% of children with ADHD also met criteria for

major depression

• 18% to 20% of nursing home residents may

experience major depressive episodes

• 20% of a group of famous American poets

exhibited bipolar disorders

• There seems to be significant overlap between

anxiety and depression with respect to causes and

occurrence

Depressive disorders

• Usual onset is 25 years but is decreasing
• Depressive episodes last from 2 weeks up to years
• Adult patients with dysthymic disorder are more

likely to commit suicide than patients with major

depressive disorder

• Depression can result from grief
  • Pathological grief reaction involves psychotic features, suicidal ideation, severe loss of weight or energy that persists more than 2 months
  • Therapy involves reexperiencing the trauma under supervision and finding meaning in the loss

Bipolar disorders

• Bipolar I disorder  Y-Mary
  • Depressive episodes alternate with full manic episodes (17% suicidal attempts) (onset at age 18)
• Bipolar II disorder
  • Depressive episodes alternate with hypomanic episodes (24% suicidal attempts) (onset at age 22)
• Cyclothymic disorder
  • Chronic alternation of mood elevati+on and depression that does not reach the severity of manic or major depressive episodes
• Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
  • Mood disorder involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with depression occurring in the winter (10% in New Hampshire and 2% in Florida)

Causes of mood disorders

Treatment of mood disorders

• Medications
  • Antidepressants (number of side effects)
  • Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (negative interactions with tyramine)
  • Selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (side effects)
  • Lithium (weight gain, danger of poisoning)
• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as an alternative to ECT
• Psychosocial treatments
  • Cognitive therapy
  • Interpersonal therapy
• Combined treatments  V-Bipolar
  • in depression (medication and psychosocial treatments)
  • in bipolar disorders (combining medication and family and/or CBT is crucial)

Suicide

• Suicidal attempt
• Suicidal ideation
• Types of suicide (‘formalized’ suicide – altruistic

suicide, egoistic suicide, fatalistic suicide etc.)

• Psychological autopsy (postmortem psychological

profile of a suicide victim)

• Imitation of suicide (teenager or celebrity)
• Suicide prevention
  • cognitive-behavioral problem-solving approach
  • strong social support and hopefulness
  • treatment of psychiatric and personality disorders