Mood Disorders and Suicide - Abnormal Psychology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Abnormal Psychology

Mood Disorders and Suicide, Mood Disorders, Bipolar Disorders, Dysphoric Manic or Mixed Episode, Unipolar Mood Disorder, Bipolar Mood Disorder, Dysthymic Disorder, Double Depression Cyclothymic Disorder, Seasonal Affective Disorder are some points of this lecture of Abnormal Psychology.

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2011/2012

Uploaded on 12/13/2012

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Mood Disorders and Suicide

Outline

• Mood disorders, depression and mania

• Depressive disorders

• Bipolar disorders

• Causes of mood disorders

• Treatment of mood disorders

• Suicide

Mood disorders, depression and mania

  • Unipolar mood disorder
    • Individuals experience either depression or mania

but not both

  • Bipolar mood disorder
    • Individuals alternate between depression and

mania

Mood disorders

• Additional statistics

  • 32% of children with ADHD also met criteria for

major depression

  • 18% to 20% of nursing home residents may

experience major depressive episodes

  • 20% of a group of famous American poets

exhibited bipolar disorders

  • There seems to be significant overlap between

anxiety and depression with respect to causes and

occurrence

Depressive disorders

  • Usual onset is 25 years but is decreasing
  • Depressive episodes last from 2 weeks up to years
  • Adult patients with dysthymic disorder are more

likely to commit suicide than patients with major

depressive disorder

  • Depression can result from grief
    • Pathological grief reaction involves psychotic features, suicidal ideation, severe loss of weight or energy that persists more than 2 months
    • Therapy involves reexperiencing the trauma under supervision and finding meaning in the loss

Bipolar disorders

  • Bipolar I disorder  Y-Mary
    • Depressive episodes alternate with full manic episodes (17% suicidal attempts) (onset at age 18)
  • Bipolar II disorder
    • Depressive episodes alternate with hypomanic episodes (24% suicidal attempts) (onset at age 22)
  • Cyclothymic disorder
    • Chronic alternation of mood elevati+on and depression that does not reach the severity of manic or major depressive episodes
  • Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
    • Mood disorder involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with depression occurring in the winter (10% in New Hampshire and 2% in Florida)

Causes of mood disorders

Treatment of mood disorders

  • Medications
    • Antidepressants (number of side effects)
    • Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (negative interactions with tyramine)
    • Selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (side effects)
    • Lithium (weight gain, danger of poisoning)
  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as an alternative to ECT
  • Psychosocial treatments
    • Cognitive therapy
    • Interpersonal therapy
  • Combined treatments  V-Bipolar
    • in depression (medication and psychosocial treatments)
    • in bipolar disorders (combining medication and family and/or CBT is crucial)

Suicide

  • Suicidal attempt
  • Suicidal ideation
  • Types of suicide (‘formalized’ suicide – altruistic

suicide, egoistic suicide, fatalistic suicide etc.)

  • Psychological autopsy (postmortem psychological

profile of a suicide victim)

  • Imitation of suicide (teenager or celebrity)
  • Suicide prevention
    • cognitive-behavioral problem-solving approach
    • strong social support and hopefulness
    • treatment of psychiatric and personality disorders