Contents
Glomerulonephritis ................................................................................................................................. 2
Typically presents with nephritic syndrome (haematuria, hypertension) ...................................... 2
Mixed nephritic/nephrotic presentation ........................................................................................... 2
Typically presents with nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria, oedema) ............................................... 3
Nephrotic syndrome ............................................................................................................................... 3
Nephrotic syndrome: causes .................................................................................................................. 4
Primary glomerulonephritis accounts for around 80% of cases ......................................................... 4
Systemic disease (about 20%) ............................................................................................................. 4
Drugs ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Others ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Nephrotic syndrome: complications ....................................................................................................... 5
Complications...................................................................................................................................... 5
Membranous glomerulonephritis ........................................................................................................... 5
Causes ................................................................................................................................................. 6
Management ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Prognosis - rule of thirds ..................................................................................................................... 6
Good prognostic features ................................................................................................................... 7
Minimal change disease .......................................................................................................................... 7
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ....................................................................................................... 8
Diabetic nephropathy: stages ............................................................................................................... 11
Stage 1 ............................................................................................................................................... 11
Stage 2 (silent or latent phase) ......................................................................................................... 11
Stage 3 (incipient nephropathy) ....................................................................................................... 11
Stage 4 (overt nephropathy) ............................................................................................................. 11
Stage 5 ............................................................................................................................................... 11
