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MSN 610 Cardiac Midterm Exam 2024 | Actual Questions and Answers
Latest Updated 2024/2025 (Graded A+)
Describe the Cardiac Cycle Answer✔✔· Blood enters the heart through the superior vena cava and the pulmonic veins. Atria builds up in pressure causing blood to go through ventricles via the tricuspid valve and mitral valve. · The closure of Tricuspid/mitral valves is s1, which is the start of systole. · As pressure builds up in the vetricles, blood is ejected via the aorta, and to the lungs. When the ventricles decrease in pressure, this causes the Aortic and pulmonic valves to close. · The closure of the Aortic and Pulmonic valves is S2. Describe the conduction system of the heart Answer✔✔sinoatrial (SA) node (A), atrioventricular (AV) node (B), AV bundle (C), bundle branches (D), purkinje fibers (E) S1 Answer✔✔closure the Tricuspid and Mitral Valves; start of systole S2 Answer✔✔closure of the Aortic and Pulmonic Valves S1 is heard best at Answer✔✔The Apex of the heart (mitral area)/PMI S2 is heard best at Answer✔✔Base of the Heart (top), aortic/pulmonic area Splitting Answer✔✔valves do not close in synchrony S3 Answer✔✔heart just after S2;occurs with fluid volume over load, HF S4 Answer✔✔occurs just before S1; occurs when there is an extra kick needed to push blood through. occurs with HTN, CAD S3 and S4 both occur during Answer✔✔diastole
friction rub Answer✔✔occurs frequently after an MI or with pericarditis high pitched scratching. general appearance cardiac Answer✔✔look for pallor, diaphoresis, temperature, edema, restlessness pluses paradoxus Answer✔✔beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration, stronger with expiration; pericarditis Pulsus alternans Answer✔✔Alternating pulse; A physical finding with arterial pulse waveform showing alternating strong and weak beats.; L sided HF Bisferiens pulse Answer✔✔double systolic peak; wet lung sounds indicate Answer✔✔heart failure or pulmonary disease Inspection Cardiac Assessment Answer✔✔assess stature, skin, pallor, color of skin, rest rate/effort Auscultation Answer✔✔listen to APE to MAN. diaphragm first, then bell bruit Answer✔✔blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded if bruit is found on carotid order Answer✔✔carotid duplex scan murmur Answer✔✔sound of turbulent blood flow
triglycerides Answer✔✔increase risk for ASCVD TSH Answer✔✔hyperthyroidism can contribute to development of HF hgb Answer✔✔anemia may be a cause of heart disease Hct Answer✔✔anemia may be a cause or result of many forms of heart disease P waves Answer✔✔depolarization of the atria PR interval Answer✔✔0.12-0.2 seconds; sick sinus syndrom Answer✔✔sinus arrest; SA block, persistent Bradycardia of unknown origin caused by drugs, digitalis, CCBs or antiarrythmics first degree heart block Answer✔✔PR interval is longer than 0.2 seconds Second Degree Type 1 Block Answer✔✔PR interval longer, and longer until QRS dropped Type 2 Heart block Answer✔✔regular PR interval, QRS is dropped on a regular interval. Third Degree Answer✔✔no association with atrial and ventricles Bundle Branch Block Answer✔✔right and left ventricles do not beat in synch. causes widened delayed QRS sinus tachy Answer✔✔heart rate >100; anemia, fever, infection, hypotension, exercise
SVT Answer✔✔usually due to underlying heart defect 140- 240 Vtach Answer✔✔ 160 - 240 usually causes syncope EKG diagnosis of NSTEMI Answer✔✔T wave inversion, ST elevation, Q waves Q wave Answer✔✔appear 12-16 hours after injury indicate old injury Ddx for chest pain Answer✔✔MI/angina, pericarditis, GERD, pancreatitis, pulmonary disease, cholecystitis, aneurysm angina Answer✔✔chest pressure, pain, worse on exertion, horse sitting on chest pericarditis Answer✔✔sharp stabbing pain worsens when leaning forwarder lying back. worse with inspiration aneurysm Answer✔✔ripping in chest or back GERD Answer✔✔epigastric pain with nausea pacreatitis Answer✔✔slow and boring pain, can radiate to the back. UQ pain cholecystitis Answer✔✔positive Murphys sign, RUQ pain grade 1 murmur Answer✔✔barely audible
