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MSN570 SCRIPT 2026 FULL CORRECT
ANSWER SET
◉Anemia of Chronic Disease/Inflammation (ACD). Answer: The second most common anemia, after iron deficiency anemia. The anemia is caused by many different chronic diseases or inflammation (e.g., cancer, chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and infections). ◉Aplastic Anemia. Answer: A rare but serious type of anemia that is a result of the bone marrow failing to produce multipotent hematopoietic stem cell precursors. This leads to a lack of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, which is referred to as pancytopenia. ◉B12. Answer: Requisite for RBC production. Low levels: deficiency. High levels: liver disease; myeloproliferative disorders. ◉Basophil. Answer: Granulocyte, polymorphonuclear. Description: Slightly smaller than neutrophil; contains large, purple cytoplasmic granules; bilobed nucleus Concentration (number of cells/mm): 20- 50
Life span: A few hours to a few days Function: Releases histamine during inflammation. ◉Blood. Answer: Both a viscous fluid and a connective tissue. It accomplishes its functions through its various components—the plasma (liquid protein), leukocytes (white blood cells), erythrocytes (red blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). ◉Burkitt Lymphoma. Answer: Type of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Origin: B lymphocytes. Most linked to EBV. Epidemiology, U.S.: 40%; More common in males; Age 5-10 years; peak 4-6 years Common clinical presentation: Abdominal mass, pain, nausea, vomiting, & change in bowel patterns. Rapid growing head and neck lymphadenopathy Special notes: One of the most aggressive fast-growing cancers. Cases in Africa account for almost all NHL. Over 50% of childhood cancers develop in the jaw or other facial bones. ◉Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). Answer: Complex, acquired disorder in which clotting and hemorrhage simultaneously occur
◉Ferritin. Answer: iron storage protein ◉Folate. Answer: Requisite for RBC production Low: deficiency; B ◉Folic Acid. Answer: a water-soluble B vitamin is eliminated in urine, and a small quantity (0.5 to 20 mg) is stored in the body. ◉Hematocrit (Hct). Answer: Percent of intact RBCs in whole blood Low: anemia High: polycythemia Normal levels:
- Females 37-47%
- Males 42-52%; levels slightly increased in elderly ◉Hematopoiesis. Answer: blood cell formation, occurs primarily in the bone marrow. ◉Hemoglobin. Answer: iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells ◉Hemophilia. Answer: An X-linked recessive disorder in which blood fails to clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding if injured, can involve a deficiency or abnormality of clotting factor VIII.
◉Hemostasis. Answer: to stop or control bleeding ◉Hepcidin. Answer: A protein in the liver that tightly regulates dietary iron uptake and transport in several places such as the duodenum, liver, or spleen. ◉Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP). Answer: a hypocoagulopathy state resulting from the immune system destroying its own platelets (autoimmunity). ◉Intrinsic pathway of blood clotting. Answer: A cascade reaction resulting in the formation of a fibrin clot through a process that doesn't require the participation of substances extrinsic to the blood; a more complex and slower series of reactions, occurring over several minutes of trauma, that is activated by chemicals that are either in direct contact with blood or contained within the blood ◉Iron Deficiency Anemia. Answer: a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron that affects the production of hemoglobin and is characterized by small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin. It may be caused by decreased iron consumption, decreased iron absorption, or increased loss because of bleeding (e.g., menstruation, gastrointestinal cancer). Most widespread anemia in the world. This type of anemia is most commonly seen in women of childbearing age, children younger than 2 years of age, and the elderly.
◉Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Answer: Average concentration of hemoglobin per RBC (size of RBC taken into account) Low: hypochromic High: hyperchromic Normal: normochromic; regular lab value: 32-36 g/dL ◉Megaloblastic Anemia—Macrocytic. Answer: type of anemia that causes high MCV -- Impaired DNA synthesis, due to vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency, characterized by delayed nuclear development but normal cytoplasm development (i.e., nuclear-cytoplasmic aysynchrony). The aysynchrony causes large developing cells called megaloblasts and large mature cells that are macrocytic. Cell color is unaffected, and, therefore, the anemia is normochromic. Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies also cause premature precursor cell death through phagocytosis or apoptosis. ◉Monocyte. Answer: an agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection ◉Multiple myeloma (MM). Answer: Malignant proliferation of plasma cells Infiltrate bone marrow and aggregate into tumor masses in skeletal system; mostly affects older adults
◉Neutrophil. Answer: a granular leukocyte, named for the neutral stain of its granules, that fights infection by phagocytizing bacteria ◉Plasma. Answer: Liquid part of blood - a transport medium that carries the blood cells as well as antibodies, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, lipids, and waste products. The most abundant of the plasma proteins is albumin, which creates colloid oncotic (osmotic) pressure as one mechanism to maintain fluid balance in blood vessels. ◉Plasma iron. Answer: Requisite for Hgb synthesis (heme component) Low: increased need, lack of intake, poor absorption High: increased absorption, excess intake ◉Plasmin. Answer: An enzyme that dissolves clots once healing has occurred. ◉Platelets. Answer: cell fragments in the blood that are essential for blood clotting (coagulation) ◉Polycythemia. Answer: A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in red blood cells/ hemoglobin ◉Polycythemia Vera (PV). Answer: Neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells, especially RBCs
