Multi-Core
Computing
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Multi Core Computer - Advanced Theory of Computation - Lecture Slides, Slides of Theory of Computation
This lecture is part of complete lecture series on Advanced Theory of Computation. Key points in this lecture are: Multi Core Computer, Tlp, Technology Providers, Chip Multi-Processor, Cores Run in Parallel, Instruction-Level Parallelism, Shared Memory, Distributed Memory, Database Servers, Intel Xeon Processors, Advantages
Typology: Slides
2013/2014
1 / 37
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Multi-CoreComputing
Multi-Core Computer
A
multi-core
microprocessor is one that
combines two or more independent processorsinto a single package, often a single integratedcircuit (IC).
A
dual-core
device contains two independent
microprocessors.
In general, multi-core microprocessors allow acomputing device to exhibit some form of thread-level parallelism (
TLP
) without including multiple
microprocessors in separate physical packages.
Single-core computer
Multi-core architectures
Replicate multiple processor cores on asingle die.
Core 1
Core 2
Core 3
Core 4
Multi-core CPU chip
The cores run in parallel
- c o r e
- c o r e
- c o r e
- c o r e
- thread
- thread
- thread
- thread
Within each core, threads are time-sliced(just like on a uniprocessor)
c o r e 1
c o r e 2
c o r e 3
c o r e 4
severalthreads
severalthreads
severalthreads
severalthreads
Why multi-core?
Difficult to make single-coreclock frequencies even higher
Many new applications are
multithreaded
General trend in computer
architecture (shift towardsmore parallelism)
Instruction-level parallelism
Parallelism at the machine-instruction level
The processor can re-order, pipelineinstructions, split them intomicroinstructions, do aggressive branchprediction, etc.
Instruction-level parallelism enabled rapidincreases in processor speeds over thelast 15 years
General context: Multiprocessors
Multiprocessor is anycomputer with severalprocessors
SIMD
Single instruction, multiple data
Modern graphics cards
MIMD
Multiple instructions, multiple data
Lemieux cluster,
Pittsburgh
supercomputing
center
Multiprocessor memory types
Shared memory:In this model, there is one (large) commonshared memory for all processors
Distributed memory:In this model, each processor has its own(small) local memory, and its content is notreplicated anywhere else
What applications benefitfrom multi-core?
Database servers
Web servers (Web commerce)
Telecommuncation markets:6WINDGate (datapath andcontrol plane)
Multimedia applications
Scientific applications,CAD/CAM
In general, applications with Thread-level parallelism (as opposed to instruction-level parallelism)
Each canrun on itsown core
More examples
Editing a photo while recording a TV showthrough a digital video recorder
Downloading software while running ananti-virus program
“Anything that can be threaded today willmap efficiently to multi-core”
BUT: some applications difficult toparallelize
BTB and I-TLB
Decoder
Trace Cache Rename/Alloc
Uop queues
Schedulers
Integer
Floating Point
L1 D-Cache D-TLB
uCode ROM
BTB
L2 Cache and ControlBus
Thread 1: floating point
Without SMT, only a single threadcan run at any given time
Without SMT, only a single threadcan run at any given time
BTB and I-TLB
Decoder
Trace Cache Rename/Alloc
Uop queues
Schedulers
Integer
Floating Point
L1 D-Cache D-TLB
uCode ROM
BTB
L2 Cache and ControlBus
Thread 2:integer operation