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1

Introduction to Computer

Science

MULTIMEDIA LEVEL - King Khalid University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Higher Education College of Science and Arts, Mohayel Aseer

CHAPTER 2

Multimedia Elements

Multimedia Elements: Text Text should be: Appropriate for the target audience. Easy to read. Serif typefaces are preferred for printed material. Sans serif typefaces are preferred for on-screen display. Formatted consistently throughout the presentation.

Multimedia Elements: Graphics  Graphics are an important part of the communication process.  They can be used to: Highlight information Set a mood or tone Provide examples Serve as backgrounds The two types of graphic used in multimedia are raster and vector. Vector graphics are made up of arcs and lines.. Raster graphics are made of dots.

Multimedia Elements: Graphics  Graphics editing programs allow designers to draw, paint, or edit images. A combination of different graphic programs may be used in creating multimedia titles.

Multimedia Elements: Animation 2-D and 3-D animations are useful in multimedia in the areas of entertainment, education, and training. They can be used to create simplified illustrations of a simulation or dramatization. They can be much easier to understand because they are less complex than video. 2-D animations have smaller file sizes that video files which means quicker loading or downloading of the files.

Multimedia Elements: Sound Computers are digital machines, meaning that they represent data with 1s and 0s. To use sound on the computer, the sound waves must be converted from analog to digital form, or digitized. This conversion process is called sampling.

Sampling  Sampling is a means of reproducing a continuous event, such as sound or motion, by recording many fragments of it. It involves taking “snapshots” of a sound wave in rapid intervals. These samples, or bits of information, are saved as numbers to allow the computer to process them.

Sample Rate (continued)  The higher the sampling rate, the more samples taken per second. This means: The digital sound will more closely match the analog sound. The quality of the audio will be better.

Sample Size  Sample size is the number of bits used to store one sample. It is also called resolution.  The more bits used per sample, the closer the digital copy sounds to the original analog sound.  The larger the sample size, the bigger the file size but the better the quality of the sound. CD-quality sound has a sample size of 16 bits.

Audio File Size is Determined By:  Sampling rate – the number of samples per second. Sample size – the number of bits used to save one sample. Channels recorded – mono or stereo.

Audio File Formats AU – (Audio) file created by Sun Microsystems and used on computers running the UNIX operating system. MP3 – (Mpeg-1 Audio Layer 3) very compressed file that is popular for music stored on portable players and on the Internet because it can reproduce near-CD quality audio in small file sizes. MIDI – (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) file format for creating and/or playing music with instruments using synthesizers and sound cards.

Multimedia Elements: Video  Videos allow the audience to view actual events instead of just reading about or listening to them. Sources for videos include web sites and stock film companies.

Multimedia Elements: Video Videos can be used in: CD-ROMS Games Presentations Video simulations Videoconferences Websites. Videos vary in quality.