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Multimedia Data: Input, Format, and Storage, Lecture notes of IP Multimedia Subsystems

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyIP Multimedia Subsystems

A comprehensive overview of multimedia data, focusing on its input, format, and storage. It covers text and static data, graphics, images, audio, and video, discussing their respective formats, input methods, and storage requirements. The document also mentions various standards and compression techniques used for each type of multimedia data.

Typology: Lecture notes

2023/2024

Available from 05/30/2024

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A Brief Look at Multimedia Data: Input and Format
Text and Static Data
• Source: keyboard, speech input, optical character
recognition, data stored on disk.
• Stored and input character by character:
– Storage of text is 1 byte per character (text or format
character).
– For other forms of data (e.g. Spreadsheet files). May
store format as text (with formatting) others may use
binary encoding.
• Format: Raw text or formatted text e.g HTML, Rich
Text Format (RTF), Word or a program language source
(C, Pascal, etc..
B. Okuku
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A Brief Look at Multimedia Data: Input and Format

Text and Static Data

  • Source: keyboard, speech input, optical character recognition, data stored on disk.
  • Stored and input character by character:
  • Storage of text is 1 byte per character (text or format character).
  • For other forms of data (e.g. Spreadsheet files). May store format as text (with formatting) others may use binary encoding.
  • Format: Raw text or formatted text e.g HTML, Rich Text Format (RTF), Word or a program language source (C, Pascal, etc..
  • Not temporal — BUT may have natural implied sequence e.g. HTML format sequence, Sequence of C program statements.
  • Size Not significant w.r.t. other Multimedia data.

4

Images

  • Still pictures which (uncompressed) are represented as a bitmap (a grid of pixels).
  • Input: digitally scanned photographs/pictures or direct from a digital camera.
  • Input: May also be generated by programs “similar” to graphics or animation programs.
  • Stored at 1 bit per pixel (Black and White), 8 Bits per pixel (Grey Scale, Colour Map) or 24 Bits per pixel (True Colour)
  • Size: a 512x512 Grey scale image takes up 1/4 Mb, a 512x512 24 bit image takes 3/4 Mb with no compression.
  • This overhead soon increases with image size — modern high digital camera 10+ Megapixels 29Mb uncompressed! (^) B. Okuku

Audio

  • Audio signals are continuous analog signals.
  • Input: microphones and then digitised and stored
  • CD Quality Audio requires 16-bit sampling at 44.1 KHz
  • Even higher audiophile rates (e.g. 24-bit, 96 KHz)
  • 1 Minute of Mono CD quality (uncompressed) audio requires 5 Mb.
  • 1 Minute of Stereo CD quality (uncompressed) audio requires 10 Mb.
  • Usually compressed (E.g. MP3, AAC, Flac, Ogg Vorbis).