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Muscles Worksheet, Study notes of Human Biology

Indiana University Purdue University (IUPUI)Human Biology

Anatomy Muscle list with actions and placement

Typology: Study notes

2011/2012

Uploaded on 10/26/2012

lm2015 🇺🇸

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Don't miss anything!

•Face/Skull

•Temporalis- Raises the front of the mandible

•Orbicularis Oculi-Close eyelids

•Orbicularis Oris- Close lips

•Buccinator- Chewing muscle helps tense the cheek.

•Zygomaticus--

•Major-Inferior to minor.

•Minor- Superior to major

•Risorius

•Masseter- Also helps raise mandible and move jaw side to side.

•Mentalis

•Occipitofrontalis (epicranius)- Raise the eyebrows, tense the scalp. Two bellies, frontal and

occipital separated by galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis).

•Anterior Neck

•Omohyoid- Depresses hyoid.Big “L”

•Sternocleidomastoid- Flexes head and neck, rotates face to opposite side.

•Platysma- Tenses skin of the neck, depresses mandible.

•Digastric (two bellies)- Two bellied L, depresses mandible, raise hyoid bone, elevating the

larynx, opening the mouth.

•Sternohyoid- depresses the hyoid and larynx

•Sternothyroid- depresses the hyoid and larynx

•Pectoral Girdle

•Trapezius- ADductor(towards midline), Shrug, help move the scapula upward, can also extend

the neck, elevate, retract, depress the scapula.

•Levator Scapulae- Elevates the scapula ***looks like sternocleidomastoid but it isn't levator

scapulae is posterior**

•Pectoralis Minor- Deep to major, depressor and protractor of the scapula ( has fibers

associated with the coracoid process. Helps depress the scapula, and protraction.

•Rhomboids (Posterior)- ADductors, scapula elevators. (don’t confuse with infraspinatus)

•Major- Rotates scapula downward

•Minor- Retracts and elevates the medial border of scapula while it downwardly rotates the

lateral angle.

•Serratus Anterior- Knife edge, classic muscle for ABduction or protraction of the scapula

(throwing muscle)

•Subclavius- Shoulder protractor, helps depress it.

•Vertebral Column

•Erector Spinae- Antagonist to rectus abdominis, erects the spine.- Lateral to Medial (I Like

Spaghetti)

•(I)- Iliocostalis

•(L)ike)- Longissimus

•(S)paghetti)- Spinalis

•Know that there are intervertebral muscles. (Intertransversarii, interspinales, rotatores

thoracis)

•Oblique and Rectus Groups

•Scalene-- Help flex the neck, and bend it sideways.

•Scalenus Anterior

•Scalene medialis

•Scalenus Posterior

•External intercostals- between ribs, run obliquely. Help elevate the ribs

Discover Study notes of Human Biology Indiana University Purdue University (IUPUI)

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• Face/Skull

• Temporalis- Raises the front of the mandible

• Orbicularis Oculi-Close eyelids

• Orbicularis Oris- Close lips

• Buccinator- Chewing muscle helps tense the cheek.

• Zygomaticus--

• Major-Inferior to minor.

• Minor- Superior to major

• Risorius

• Masseter- Also helps raise mandible and move jaw side to side.

• Mentalis

• Occipitofrontalis (epicranius)- Raise the eyebrows, tense the scalp. Two bellies, frontal and

occipital separated by galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis).

• Anterior Neck

• Omohyoid- Depresses hyoid.Big “L”

• Sternocleidomastoid- Flexes head and neck, rotates face to opposite side.

• Platysma- Tenses skin of the neck, depresses mandible.

• Digastric (two bellies)- Two bellied L, depresses mandible, raise hyoid bone, elevating the

larynx, opening the mouth.

• Sternohyoid- depresses the hyoid and larynx

• Sternothyroid- depresses the hyoid and larynx

• Pectoral Girdle

• Trapezius- ADductor(towards midline), Shrug, help move the scapula upward, can also extend

the neck, elevate, retract, depress the scapula.

• Levator Scapulae- Elevates the scapula ***looks like sternocleidomastoid but it isn't levator

scapulae is posterior**

• Pectoralis Minor- Deep to major, depressor and protractor of the scapula ( has fibers

associated with the coracoid process. Helps depress the scapula, and protraction.

• Rhomboids (Posterior)- ADductors, scapula elevators. (don’t confuse with infraspinatus)

• Major- Rotates scapula downward

• Minor- Retracts and elevates the medial border of scapula while it downwardly rotates the

lateral angle.

• Serratus Anterior- Knife edge, classic muscle for ABduction or protraction of the scapula

(throwing muscle)

• Subclavius- Shoulder protractor, helps depress it.

• Vertebral Column

• Erector Spinae- Antagonist to rectus abdominis, erects the spine.- Lateral to Medial (I Like

Spaghetti)

• (I)- Iliocostalis

• (L)ike)- Longissimus

• (S)paghetti)- Spinalis

• Know that there are intervertebral muscles. (Intertransversarii, interspinales, rotatores

thoracis)

• Oblique and Rectus Groups

• Scalene-- Help flex the neck, and bend it sideways.

• Scalenus Anterior

• Scalene medialis

• Scalenus Posterior

• External intercostals- between ribs, run obliquely. Help elevate the ribs

• Internal Intercostals- Deep to external intercostals,helps depress the ribs

• Diaphragm- Is skeletal muscle, separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

• Abdominals

• External obliques- Runs like hands in your pocket, help increase abdominal pressure,

defecation, flexion, and rotation,

• Internal Obliques- Deep to external obliques. Runs like hands in your pocket, help increase

abdominal pressure (defecation), flexion, and rotation,

• Transverse abdominus- Deep to internal obliques, increases abdominal pressure as well

• Rectus Abdominis- Helps flex the trunk. (Has antagonist)

• Semilunar Line- Around Rectus abdominis

• Rectus Sheath (aponeurosis of lateral abdominals) opens and closes around the Rectus

Abdominis

• Linea Alba- White line separating the rectus abdominis medially.

• Tendinous Inscriptions - Classic 6 pack. (actually 4 divisions per side)

• Shoulder & Humerous

• Coracobrachialis- Flexion and ADduction at the shoulder,

• Pectoralis Major- Superficial to pectoralis minor. Flex and ADduct the humerus. Forms part of

the arm pit.

• Latissimus Dorsi- Inserts on the humerus posteriorly. Form part of arm pit. Extend, hyper

extend and ADduct the humerus.

• Deltoid- Flexion extension and ABduction. For its whole anterior posterior third. Medial and/or

lateral rotation, Not apart of the rotator cuff.

• Teres Major- Medial humeral rotator, ( long head of the triceps actually separates major and

minor.)

• Rotator Cuff (he said it was very important)-

• Supraspinatus- Weak ABductor of the humerus. Superior to the scapular spine.(runs

medial to lateral)

• Infraspinatus- Lateral humeral rotator.(runs medial to lateral)

• Teres Minor- Lateral humeral rotator. Good ADductor

• Subscapularis- In subscapular fossa, anterior part of the scapula medial humeral rotator.

• Forearm (Antebrachium)

• Biceps brachii- Deep to brachialis, elbow and shoulder flexor, helps with supination, does NOT

connect with humerus

• Short head- Coracoid process of the scapula.

• Long head- Glenoid cavity.

• Bicipital Aponeurosis- Flat medial tendenous strip from the insertion tendon of biceps brachii

(can't confirm if we need to know this – Echo glitchy)

• Brachialis- Flexes arm at the elbow.

• Brachioradialis- Most lateral muscle of the forearm, and deep to it is supinator. Help flex elbow

when the hand is partly pronated.

• Triceps Brachii- Extensor, posterior upper arm. (synergistic muscle is the anconeus)

• Anconeus- Extends the forearm at the elbow. (synergist to prime mover triceps brachii)

• Pronator Teres- (forearm muscle) medial, to lateral, running inferiorly. This, and Brachioradialis

with form a V.

• Pronator Quadratus- (distal forearm) -Pronates forearm

• Supinator

• Wrist and Hand (extrensic)

• Flexor carpi radialis- Flexes and ABducts hand.

• Flexor carpi ulnaris- Flexes and ADducts the hand.

• Popliteus- Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee. “unlocks” knee before flexion.

• Sartorius – See above

• Ankle and Foot (extrensic)

• Tibialis Anterior- Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.

• Fibularis Longus- Plantar flexes and everts foot, support the arches.

• Triceps Surae group

• Gastrocnemius- Flexes leg, plantar flexes foot.

• Solus-plantar flexes foot.

• Plantarius- Flexes leg, plantar flexes foot.

• Fibularis longus & brevis

• They start on opposite sides, the great toe is medial, but originates laterally, and flexor

digitorum medially and cross under the foot.

• Tibialis posterior- Inverts and plantar flexes foot.

• Flexor Hallucis Longus- Flexor hallucis.

• Flexor Digitorum Longus

• Extensor digitorum Longus - Dorsiflexion and extends toes 2-

• Extensor hallicus Longus – Dorsiflexion and extends great toe

• Other Salient Facts:

• Pelvic Diaphragm- There is no difference in the deep muscles between male and females.

Whatsoever.

• Anterior and medial muscles of the scalene are separated by the cervical plexus of nerves.

• Flexor muscles of the antebrachium have as their origin the medial humeral epicondyle

• Inguinal ligament- Aponeurosis of the external oblique.

• ADductors magnus and longus, sartorius, and the inguinal ligament, make up the femoral

triangle. Femoral nerve, artery and vein.