Myocardial Infarction, Exams of Nursing

Information about Myocardial Infarction (MI), a condition characterized by a rapid development of a critical imbalance between oxygen supply and demand to the myocardium. It explains the condensed cycle of an MI, its major clinical symptoms, and the risks for atherosclerosis. It also discusses the causes, complications, and treatments of MI, including arrhythmia, acute and chronic pump failure, ventricular aneurysm, embolism, nitrates, and tissue plasminogen activators (TPA).

Typology: Exams

2022/2023

Available from 04/24/2023

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Myocardial Infarction
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1. The condensed cycle of an MI: lack of O2, necrosis, inflam-
mation
2. An MI is characterized by a rapid develop-
ment of by a critical imbalance
between oxygen supply and demand to the
myocardium.
3. is the decrease of blood supply
to a tissue. It can be local, caused locally
by a thrombus or embolus, or global due to
a low perfusion pressure.
4. is lack of oxygen to a tissue
from any cause.
5. The risks for atherosclerosis coincide with
the risks for an
.
6. is the number one killer in
the United States.
7. Angina pectoris occurs before an
MI.
8. angina is chest pain caused
by increased physical or emotional excite-
ment and relieved by rest or vasodilation.
9. angina is chest pain with pro-
gressively less effort, often at rest, for a
prolonged duration.
10. angina occurs at any time, won't
be relieved, and is continuous.
11. Major clinical symptoms of a Myocardial
Infarction include:
myocardial necrosis
ischemia
hypoxia
MI
Coronary Artery Disease
(CAD)
before
stable
unstable
unstable
Squeezing chest pain, Pain ra-
diated down the left arm and
pf3
pf4
pf5

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  1. The condensed cycle of an MI: lack of O2, necrosis, inflam- mation
  2. An MI is characterized by a rapid develop- ment of by a critical imbalance between oxygen supply and demand to the myocardium.
  3. is the decrease of blood supply to a tissue. It can be local, caused locally by a thrombus or embolus, or global due to a low perfusion pressure.
  4. is lack of oxygen to a tissue from any cause.
  5. The risks for atherosclerosis coincide with the risks for an .
  6. is the number one killer in the United States.
  7. Angina pectoris occurs before an MI.
  8. angina is chest pain caused by increased physical or emotional excite- ment and relieved by rest or vasodilation.
  9. angina is chest pain with pro- gressively less effort, often at rest, for a prolonged duration.
  10. angina occurs at any time, won't be relieved, and is continuous.
  11. Major clinical symptoms of a Myocardial Infarction include:

myocardial necrosis

ischemia

hypoxia

MI

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

before

stable

unstable

unstable

Squeezing chest pain, Pain ra- diated down the left arm and

neck, Nausea or Vomiting, and Shortness of breath

  1. 1/4 of MI's are. silent
  2. Most MI's occur between due to high adrenaline levels.
  3. infarctions affect the full thickness of the myocardium in the territory supplied by a specific artery.
  4. infarctions make up 90% of MI's.
  5. infarctions generally affect the left ventricle or the interventricular sep- tum.
  6. infarctions affect the inner half of the full circumference of the ventricular myocardium NOT the full thickness.
  7. is the feeling of gastric discom- fort or reflux.

4am and 10am

transmural

transmural

transmural

subendocardial

epigastrium

  1. is fainting. syncope
  2. is sweating. diaphoresis
  3. As many as half of MI's are , or clinically silent asymptomatic.
  4. In 90% or MI's was the pri- mary cause.
  5. Rare causes accounting for 10% of MI's are:

atheroma of the coronary ar- teries

Vascular spasm, Emboli, Very low blood pressure, and Trau- ma to coronary artery

maximum salvage of functional myocardi- um.

  1. is preformed as a preventative measure in cases of 90% occlusion; a syn- thetic or saphenous (from the leg) vein is used.
  2. A is inserted to inflate the ves- sel and place a stent.
  3. A , while preventative in nature, can cause greater accumulation of plaque and other products and may need to be replaced.
  4. A small dosage of may be used to inhibit platelet aggregation.

bypass surgery

balloon catheter

stent

low aspirin

  1. is an older clot buster drug. streptokinase
  2. is heavily used now because it resolves/breaks up the clot most effective- ly.
  3. causes vasodilation and therefore widens the lumen.
  4. If a lumen is widened too much, one will see a , then the heart doesn't have enough pressure to be effective.

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA)

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA)

drop in blood pressure

  1. 1/3 of MI's result in. death
  1. Survivors of an MI may have an. arrhythmia
  2. A(n) is a condition in which the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm.
  3. Immediate death may occur during an MI due to.
  4. A thrombus with an is a common complication of an MI.
  5. In cases of , the heart is weak- ened and has a decrease in function over a long period of time, may be a complication of an MI.
  6. A is characterized by a thin walled balloon in the heart, has a high po- tential to rupture, and may occur as a com- plication of an MI.

arrhythmia

acute pump failure

emboli

chronic pump failure

ventricular aneurysm

  1. of necrotic myocardium can occur as rupture a result of an MI even without the presence of an aneurysm.
  2. An is a fragment which moves and is named after the organ it travels too.

embolism

  1. are used as a vasodilator. nitrates
  2. counteract high BP by decreas- ing the rate and force of myocardial con- traction and decreasing overall oxygen de- mand.

Beat-blockers