Biology Exam Notes: Animal Characteristics, Classification, and Evolution, Study notes of Biology

Exam notes covering various topics in biology, including animal characteristics, classification, and evolution. It includes information about animal body symmetry, feeding methods, respiratory and reproductive organs, excretory products, and cellular components. The notes also discuss the function of sexual reproduction, speciation, natural selection, and the body cavity in different animal groups. Additionally, it covers various animal groups such as cnidarians, poriferans, platyhelminths, mollusks, annelids, arthropods, echinoderms, chordates, and others.

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Name________________________
Final Examination Biology 120
Instructions:
You will receive
a. The exam packet including evaluation forms
b. 3 scantron sheets
Exam (do the exam first )
1. Please write your name in the upper right of this sheet.
2. Print your name on one of the scantron sheets last name first
3. Fill in the bubbles under your name on this scantron sheet
4. Enter the correct answers to the exam questions on this scantron sheet
5. Be sure to answer question 101 correctly.
Lecture evaluation
1. Take the second scantron sheet and fill in the word "Biol Brugam" where your name would go. (Do not
put your name on the evaluation scantron)
2. Enter the answers to the questions from the green colored sheet on this scantron
3. You may provide any written comments that you wish directly on the green sheet
Lab evaluation
1 Take the third scantron sheet and fill in the letters "Biol TA" where your name would go. (Do not put
your name on the evaluation scantron)
2. Enter the answers to the questions from the lavender colored sheet on the scantron
3. You may provide any written comments that you wish directly on the lavender sheet
4. Be sure to answer question 1 correctly and to circle your answer on the lavender sheet
Turning in the examination packet
1. Tear the two colored evaluation question sheets off of the exam
2. Place the colored sheets in the envelopes labeled “Green Question Sheet" or "Lavender Question
Sheet"
3. Place the evaluation scantrons in the envelopes labeled "lecture scantron" or " TA scantron"
4. Place the exam questions and the exam scantron in the appropriate piles.
Exam Questions
1.What kind of symmetry do echinoderms have?
a. Bilateral b. Radial c. Concentric d. Backwards and forwards
2. What kind of symmetry did the inferred echinoderm ancestor have?
a. Bilateral b. Radial c. Concentric d. Backwards and forwards
3. The starfish is a problem for oystermen in the Chesapeake because it is a predator on oysters. Some
oystermen take any starfish that they catch and cut it up with a knife throwing the parts back into the bay.
Are they saving their oysters? Why or why not?
a. They are saving their oysters because the starfish are all mortally wounded by this activity
b. They are not saving their oysters because starfish have strong regenerative powers and each
piece becomes a new starfish
c. They are saving the oysters because the dirty knives that they use infect the starfish with
bacteria
d. They are not saving the oysters because the juice of the sliced up starfish is toxic to oysters
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Name________________________

Final Examination Biology 120

Instructions:

You will receive a. The exam packet including evaluation forms b. 3 scantron sheets

Exam (do the exam first )

  1. Please write your name in the upper right of this sheet.
  2. Print your name on one of the scantron sheets last name first
  3. Fill in the bubbles under your name on this scantron sheet
  4. Enter the correct answers to the exam questions on this scantron sheet
  5. Be sure to answer question 101 correctly.

Lecture evaluation

  1. Take the second scantron sheet and fill in the word "Biol Brugam" where your name would go. (Do not put your name on the evaluation scantron)
  2. Enter the answers to the questions from the green colored sheet on this scantron
  3. You may provide any written comments that you wish directly on the green sheet

Lab evaluation

1 Take the third scantron sheet and fill in the letters "Biol TA" where your name would go. (Do not put your name on the evaluation scantron)

  1. Enter the answers to the questions from the lavender colored sheet on the scantron
  2. You may provide any written comments that you wish directly on the lavender sheet
  3. Be sure to answer question 1 correctly and to circle your answer on the lavender sheet

Turning in the examination packet

  1. Tear the two colored evaluation question sheets off of the exam
  2. Place the colored sheets in the envelopes labeled “Green Question Sheet" or "Lavender Question Sheet"
  3. Place the evaluation scantrons in the envelopes labeled "lecture scantron" or " TA scantron"
  4. Place the exam questions and the exam scantron in the appropriate piles.

Exam Questions

1.What kind of symmetry do echinoderms have? a. Bilateral b. Radial c. Concentric d. Backwards and forwards

  1. What kind of symmetry did the inferred echinoderm ancestor have? a. Bilateral b. Radial c. Concentric d. Backwards and forwards
  2. The starfish is a problem for oystermen in the Chesapeake because it is a predator on oysters. Some oystermen take any starfish that they catch and cut it up with a knife throwing the parts back into the bay. Are they saving their oysters? Why or why not? a. They are saving their oysters because the starfish are all mortally wounded by this activity b. They are not saving their oysters because starfish have strong regenerative powers and each piece becomes a new starfish c. They are saving the oysters because the dirty knives that they use infect the starfish with bacteria d. They are not saving the oysters because the juice of the sliced up starfish is toxic to oysters
  1. How do we know that echinoderms are deuterostomes? a. They have holoblastic cleavage b. They have radial symmetry c. Their anus is made from their blastopore d. Their mouth is made form their blastopore
  2. Sea urchins are adapted to a particular life style. What is that life style? a. They feed on fish b. They scrape algae from rocks c. They filter food from the water d. They kill bivalves for a living.
  3. In the struggle between a starfish and its bivalve prey, the starfish nearly always wins. Why? a. Starfish muscles are just stronger b. Starfish have an effective venom c. Starfish are faster than clams d. Starfish have a water vascular system based on hydraulics that does not tire like a clam's adductor muscles
  4. Echinoderms have a specialized form of locomotion. What structures do they use to move? a. Siphon - jet propulsion b. Fins - Swimming c. Tube feet - crawling d. Cilia - gliding
  5. The pharyngeal gill slits evolved in early chordates as a ___________. a. Respiratory organs b. Reproductive organs c. Filter feeding apparatus d. Organ of movement
  6. How do we know that sea squirts are chordates? .a. Their larvae have all of the chordate characteristics b. Their adults have all of the chordate characteristics c. They have a backbone d. They have paedomorphosis
  7. All chordates have the following at least some time in their lives: a. Notochord b. Dorsal tubular nerve cord c. Pharyngeal gill slits d. All of the above
  8. In which of the following groups does the notochord persist throughout life? a. Vertebrates b. Cephalochordates c. Chondrichthys d. Osteichthys e. Urochordates
  9. Ostracoderms were the earliest vertebrates in the fossil record. Which of the following did they lack? a. Gill slits b. Dermal bone c. Jaws d. Dorsal nerve cord
  10. Which of the following is a jawless fish alive today a. Lamprey b. Shark c. Crossopterygian fish d. Coelacanth e. Tile fish
  11. What are placoid scales? a. Keratinized scaled that keep the skin dry b. Small plates of dermal bone embedded in the epidermis c. Small tooth-like structures that are embedded in the epidermis and that contain enamel and dentine
  1. When did the dinosaurs go extinct and what is the current theory about what caused their extinction? a. End of the Mesozoic – because of a huge meteor strike b. End of the Quaternary – because of cooling climate c. End of the Permian – because of huge volcanic eruptions d. End of the Mesozoic because they were outcompeted by mammals
  2. What does the “pit organ” do in rattlesnakes? a. It is a sense organ for smell b. It is a sense organ for hearing c. It is a sense organ for infra-red radiation which allows the snake to track warm-blooded prey d. It is a sense organ for touch
  3. Reptiles are often thought of by the lay-person as “not quite as good” as mammals. After all, mammals reptiles were replaced by mammals when dinosaurs died out. This idea is a misconception. What are reptiles really good at when compared to mammals. a. They are good at living in the arctic b. They are good at living in places with low energy supplies. Because reptiles are ectotherms they are very energy-efficient vertebrates relative to mammals c. Reptiles are very good at living in aquatic environments because of their amniotic egg d. Reptiles have a more efficient method of reproduction than mammals
  4. The SIUE zoologist is fishing in Lake Superior. The zoologist catches a beautiful lake trout, but there is another fish hanging off of the trout. The attached fish is eel-like with a slimy, scale-less skin. The fish seems to have a circular, sucker instead of jaws. The sucker is lined with lots of fearsome teeth. The zoologist looks closer to find that the fish has gill slits, but no jaws at all. To what class does the attached fish belong? a. Cephalaspidomorphi b. Myxini c. Actinopterygii d. Sarcopterygii e. Chondrichthys
  5. The sternum in most birds has a keel. This adaptation aids them in _______. a. Walking b. Swimming c. Wading d. Digging e. Flying
  6. In mammals which part of the amniotic egg is reduced? a. Chorion b. Allantois c. Amnion d. Yolk
  7. Which of the following groups contains egg laying mammals? a. Eutheria b. Metatheria c. Monotremes d. Marsupials
  8. The intrepid SIUE zoologist is driving along a road in Edwardsville. The zoologist finds a poor, sad animal that has been killed on the road. The animal is covered with fur. The animal is gray and has a long rat-like tail with scales. Being eager and interested in all kinds of animals, the zoologist goes to the animal and examines it. The zoologist finds that the animal has a fur-lined pouch on its ventral side. In the pouch are about 4 tiny, hairless babies. Each is firmly attached to a nipple. What group does this animal belong in? a. Marsupial mammals b. Monotreme mammals c. Placental mammals d. Birds e. Reptiles
  9. The intrepid zoologist is gardening in a backyard in Edwardsville. (Yes, good zoologists are also interested in plant life!!!) The zoologist moves some leaves and finds a depression in the ground which is lined with fur. The depression contains 5 small animals which are also covered with fur. With them is a larger animal, which is obviously their mother. She is nursing the babies from nipples arranged along her ventral side. To what group does this animal and her babies belong? a. Marsupial mammals b. Monotreme mammals c. Placental mammals d. Birds e. Reptiles
  1. The intrepid SIUE zoologist finds a nest of baby robins that has fallen out of a tree. The babies have few feathers and can barely raise their heads. What is the word that best describes birds who have hatchlings like the baby robins. a. Precocial b. Altricial c. Helpless d. Vigorous

  2. Where does a bird get the “lift” that keeps it in the air? a. From flapping its wings b. From the twist of its feathers as the wing flapping occurs c. From the shape of the wing. d. From jet propulsion

  3. Birds and reptiles have a different excretory product from mammals. What is it? a. Urea b. Ammonia c. Urine d. Uric acid

  4. The main role of glucose in animal cells is to serve as _________. a. Long-term energy storage b. Energy transfer to cells c. Energy transfer within cells d. Structure

  5. What are the subunits of proteins? a. Amino acids b. Sugars c. Lipids d. Celluloses

  6. Phospholipids are important components of the molecular organization of cells, especially in____. a. Cell organelles b. Membranes c. Cytoplasm d. in cell division e. DNA

  7. Active transport requires energy a. True b. False

  8. Will the sons of a colorblind woman be colorblind?

a. Yes b. No c. We can't tell unless we know if the father is colorblind.

  1. You have a single nucleotide strand. It has the following base sequence:

A-T-C-G-A

What kind of nucleic acid is it? a. RNA b. DNA c. We don't know from the information given

  1. The end product of fermentation is ___________. a. Glucose b. Pyruvic acid c. Lactic acid d. Ethanol
  2. When does cytokinesis occur? a. Anaphase b. Prophase c. Telophase d. Metaphase
  3. Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in what cell organelle? a. Mitochondrion b. Nucleolus c. Ribosome d. Golgi apparatus
  1. Where do new alleles come from? a. They are produced at birth from the amnion and the chorion b. They are produced by mutations c. They are produced by failures in the RNA d. They are produced by errors in DNA copying at mitosis
  2. Some animals have real problems because of osmotic changes in their environment. In what environment might animals have the biggest problem in osmoregulation? a. Freshwater b. The ocean c. Estuaries, where salt concentrations are constantly changing.
  3. I am looking through a microscope. I see a cell. It has a cellulose cell wall. It also has a nucleus and green-colored organelles in the cytoplasm. What kind of cell is this? a. Plant b. Animal c. Bacterium d. Fungus
  4. What do enzymes do? a. They carry the genetic code b. They defend the cell against attackers c. They reduce the activation energy of chemical reactions that are carried out in the cell d. They cause cells to move
  5. What is the final electron acceptor in an aerobic organism? a. Carbon dioxide b. Oxygen c. Water d. Ethanol
  6. Which of the following processes gets the most ATP from a sugar? a. Glycolysis b. Oxidative phosphorylation c. Fermentation d. Photosynthesis e. Anaerobic respiration
  7. When a taxonomist is reconstructing the phylogeny of an animal group what characteristics are important? a. Shared ancestral characteristics (pleisiomorphy) b. Shared derived characteristics (synapomorphy) c. Character similarities that misrepresent common descent (homoplasy)
  8. What are the 5 kingdoms in the 5 kingdom system? a. Animals, Plants, Algae, Protozoans, Bacteria b. Animals, Fungi, Algae, Bacteria, Plants c. Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists, Monera d. Eukaryota, Archea, Bacteria, Animals, Plants
  9. When a biologist classifies organism, what branch of biology is he or she following? a. Ichthyology b. Ornithology c. Neurology d. Evolutionary Biology e. Taxonomy
  10. Who was the first person to classify organism according to their structural similarities? a. Darwin b. Linneaus c. Aristotle d. Hutton e. Lyell
  11. What is the name of the body cavity in annelids arthropods mollusks, echinoderms, and chordates? a.. Eucoelom b. Pseudocoelom c. There is no body cavity in these groups d. Buccal cavity
  1. Which of the following genera has the most complex life cycle? a. Amoeba b_. Paramecium_ c. Plasmodium d_. Euglena_

72.. What locomotive organelle is used by the phylum Euglenozoa? a. Pseudopodia b. Cilia c. Flagellae d. Muscles

  1. What are foraminiferans? a. Amoeboid protozoans that live in the sea and produce calcium carbonate skeletons b.. Amoeboid protozoans that live in the sea and produce calcium silicate skeletons c. Amoeboid flagellates that live in the sea d. Marine ciliates
  2. The intrepid SIUE zoologist is scuba diving in the Caribbean. The zoologist comes upon a strange structure rising from the sea floor. The structure looks like a cylindrical tube with porous sides with one end rooted in the bottom of the sea. The structure looks like a plant, but it has no chlorophyll. The zoologist releases some fluoroscein dye beside the structure. To the zoologist's surprise, the structure draws the dye into itself through the porous wall of the cylinder. After a few seconds, the dye is expelled out the top end of the cylinder. Is this an animal. If so, what is the phylum? a. Yes it is an animal. It is phylum Cnidaria b. Yes, it is an animal. It is phylum Porifera d. No, it is not an animal, it is a plant even though it has no chlorophyll d. No, it is not an animal, it is just s weird rock formation
  3. Are there sponges in freshwater? a. Yes b. No, all are marine
  4. What is a choanocyte? a. It is the name of the little stinging cells that cover all Cnidarians b. Choanocytes are respiratory organs of sponges c. Choanocytes are the specialized cells that move water through a sponge and that capture food d. Choanocytes are the specialized cells on the surface of flatworms
  5. Which is the most species rich of the following animal groups? a. Sponges b. Primates c. Insects d. Crustacea e. Molluscs
  6. You (the intrepid SIUE zoologist) are swimming in the sea off of South Carolina. You brush against a jellyfish. You immediately have a burning sensation on your skin where you brushed against the jellyfish. What cells in the jellyfish caused this reaction? a. The cnidocytes which contain nematocysts that shoot out and inject venom into you b. The choanocyte which produces an extreme allergic reaction in humans c. The radular dart which shoots out and harpoons you d. The stinger which punctures your skin to inject a neurotoxin
  7. The hydrozoans have alternation of generations. What two life-forms do they have? a. Larva and adult b. Sporozoite and merozoite c. Choanozoite and archeozoite d. Polyp and medusa
  8. How many germ layers do Cnidarians have? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5
  1. The intrepid SIUE zoologist returns to South Carolina. While sitting on a dock in Charleston harbor (a saltwater estuary), the zoologist decides to have some fun. The zoologist attaches a chicken neck (the uneaten remains of last night's dinner) to a string and dangles it in the water, allowing the chicken neck to lie on the bottom. After about 5 minutes, the zoologist gently pulls up the string and finds an animal attached to the chicken neck. The animal has a hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages. It has 2 pairs of antennae and mandibles. It holds on to the chicken with pinchers. What is the subphylum of the animal? a. Chelicerata b. Crustacea c. Uniramia d. Polychaeta
  2. What are the stages of holometabolous development in insects? a. egg, larva, pupa, adult b. egg, nymph, adult c. Egg, tadpole, adult d. Egg, nauplius, copepodite, adult e. Egg, trochophore, veliger, adult
  3. Arthropods have strong exoskeletons. How do they grow in size when they are covered with a hard shell? a. The exoskeleton stretches b. More material is added to the exoskeleton because it is alive c. The exoskeleton is molted and a new, bigger one is produced
  4. Missing from original exam. Two points awarded to all students for this question.
  5. One of the major characteristics of insects is__________. a. Three pairs of legs on the thorax b. Four pairs of legs on the thorax c. Wings on the abdomen d. Chelicerate mouth parts
  6. What is gastrulation? (i.e. gastrula formation) a. Cells in an embryo arrange themselves around an open space called a blastocoel b. The embryo invaginates to produce the archenteron c. Mesoderm cells pinch off from the archenteron d. The anus is formed and the opposite end of the archenteron from the blastopore
  7. What are pheromones? a. Chemicals used to communicate between animals. They are especially common in insects b. Chemicals used to control processes within the animal body c. Chemicals which control reproduction in animals d Pheromone is just another name for hormone
  8. How many plus signs are in the lower left hand corner of this page? a. 1 b. 2 c.3 d. 4 e. 5

Have a good summer and come back in fall eager to learn more

biology!