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NANOTECHNOLOGY

NANOMATERIAL

Introduction

NanoHistory

NanoTechnology - NanoMaterial - NanoBiology - NanoElectronic - “NanoComputational Science” - “NanoFunding”

Milestone

1959 R. Feynman Delivers “ Plenty of Room at the Bottom” - 1974 First Molecular Electronic Device Patented - 1981 Scanning Tunneling Microscopic (STM) - 1986 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) Invented - 1987 First single ‐ electron transistor created - 1991 Carbon Nanotubes Discovered - 2000 US Launches National Nanotechnology Initiative - 2002. 01 ITRI Nano Research Center Established

What

is

Nanomaterial?

Nanomaterials are commonly defined as materials with an average grain size less than 100 nanometers.

One billion nanometers equals one meter

Why

Nanotech?

A small science with a huge potential

Why

Nanotech?

Nanotechnology exploits benefits of ultra small size, enabling the use of particles to deliver a range of important benefits…

Small particles are ‘invisible’ : - Transparent Coatings/Films are attainable - Small particles are very weight efficient: - Surfaces can be modified with minimal material.

Weight

efficient

and

Uniform

coverage

Large spherical particles do not cover much surface area - Nanoparticles Equal mass of small platelet particles provides thorough coverage ( x 106 times more)

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology: The creation of functional materials, devices and systems through control of matter on the nanometer(1~100nm) length scale and the exploitation of novel properties and phenomena developed at that scale. - Why nano length scale ? ‐ By patterning matter on the nano scale, it is possible to vary fundamental properties of materials without changing the chemical composition

Different

types

of

Nanomaterial

Nanopowder

Building blocks (less than 100 nm in diameter) for more complex nanostructures. - Nanotube - Carbon nanotubes are tiny strips of graphite sheet rolled into tubes a few nanometers in diameter and up to hundreds of micrometers (microns) long. - The Strongest Material

Nanopowders

Advanced nanophase materials synthesized from nanopowders have improved properties.

Such as increased stronger and less breakable ceramics. They may conduct electrons, ions, heat, or light more readily then conventional materials. - Exhibit improved magnetic and catalytic properties.

Nanopowder

Applications

Useful in manufacturing inhalable drugs. - Particles in the micrometer scale are deposited in the alveoli of the lung, often leading to clumping problems. - Could use smaller nanoparticles to prevent clumping by forcing spacing.

Pictures

Nanotube

Discovery of

CNT

Multi

Walled Carbon Nanotube

(MWNT)

Sumio Ijyma(Nature,

Single

Walled carbon Nanotube

(SWNT)

Ijyma,Bethune,et al.

Single Crystals of

SWNT

R.R.Schlittler,et al. (Science, May.2001)

Structure

of

Nanotube

SWNT atom structures ‐ Basically,sheets of graphite rolled up into a tube as shown figure. ‐ The hexagonal two dimensional lattice of graphite is mapped on a cylinder of radius R with various helicities characterized by the rolling vectors (n,m).