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Pharmaceutical and Medical Science, Exams of Nutrition

University of Melbourne Clinical School - Austin Health (UMAH)Nutrition

An in-depth exploration of various aspects of pharmaceutical and medical science, including drug administration, brand development strategy, ocular administration, drug excretion, and clinical research. It covers topics such as drug effects, dosage, and the role of sales representatives in the pharmaceutical industry.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 06/11/2024

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samuel-kinuthia-7 🇬🇧

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NAPSRX Test/ 1. How are drugs sorted into
therapeutic groups and classes?
(GRADED)
NAPSRX Test
1.How are drugs sorted into therapeutic groups and classes?
A. first by the conditions that they are used to treat, and then by their mechanisms of action
B. first by their mechanisms of action, and then by their therapeutic effects
C. first by their side effects, and then by therapeutic effects
D. first by their toxically, and then by their effectiveness
2.Bone marrow transplants…
A. … require that the patient first undergo chemotherapy or radiation to kill the diseased stem cells
and promote white blood cell production.
B. … are a type of stem cell therapy, unless patient’s own cells are reinjected.
C. … are always a type of stem cell therapy.
D. … can help people with leukemia, a condition in which the body does not produce enough white
blood cells.
3.What does AMA stand for?
C. American Medical Association
4.What section of a drug’s package insert describes situations in which the drug should not be used
because the risks outweigh the therapeutic benefits?
B. contraindications
5.What is tertiary care?
B. highly specialized medical and surgical care provided by a large medical center for unusual or
complex medical problems
6.Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in the classic approach to brand development strategy
covered in your manual?
C. brand quality
7.What are vasodilators used to do?
A. decrease vascular resistance and increase blood flow
B. mimic pathogens to stimulate the immune system
C. narrow the blood vessels
D. stimulate the CNS to make the heart beat faster
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therapeutic groups and classes?

(GRADED)

NAPSRX Test

  1. How are drugs sorted into therapeutic groups and classes? A. first by the conditions that they are used to treat, and then by their mechanisms of action B. first by their mechanisms of action, and then by their therapeutic effects C. first by their side effects, and then by therapeutic effects D. first by their toxically, and then by their effectiveness 2.Bone marrow transplants… A. … require that the patient first undergo chemotherapy or radiation to kill the diseased stem cells and promote white blood cell production. B. … are a type of stem cell therapy, unless patient’s own cells are reinjected. C. … are always a type of stem cell therapy. D. … can help people with leukemia, a condition in which the body does not produce enough white blood cells.
  2. What does AMA stand for? C. American Medical Association
  3. What section of a drug’s package insert describes situations in which the drug should not be used because the risks outweigh the therapeutic benefits? B. contraindications 5.What is tertiary care? B. highly specialized medical and surgical care provided by a large medical center for unusual or complex medical problems
  4. Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in the classic approach to brand development strategy covered in your manual? C. brand quality
  5. What are vasodilators used to do? A. decrease vascular resistance and increase blood flow B. mimic pathogens to stimulate the immune system C. narrow the blood vessels D. stimulate the CNS to make the heart beat faster

therapeutic groups and classes?

(GRADED)

  1. What is the name of the condition that occurs after a specific dose of a drug is given at such regular intervals that absorption and elimination (and therefore drug plasma concentration) have become constant? A. homeostasis B. steady state C. titration D. tolerance
  2. Which statement is TRUE about ocular administration? A. Ocular administration is primarily for drugs that must cross the blood-brain barrier. B. Ocular administration is used primarily to treat the eye.’ C. Ocular administration is used when a drug must enter the bloodstream immediately. D. Ocular administration is used when a drug must produce immediate effects on the brain or spinal cord.
  3. Which entity/entities invest(s) the most money in pharmaceutical R&D? A. Canadian pharmaceutical companies B. the NIH C. the U.S. Government D. U.S. pharmaceutical companies
  4. How are most drugs excreted? A. via the bloodstream B. via the heart C. via the kidneys D. via the skin
  5. Over the last few decades, what has happened to legal limitations on sales’ reps discussions about off label uses? A. Limitations have decreased. B. Limitations have increased significantly. C. Limitations have increased slightly. D. Limitations have remained about the same.
  6. According to your manual, which of the following is an example of a branding fundamental?

therapeutic groups and classes?

(GRADED)

D. Pharmacodynamics studies the time required for a drug’s absorption.

  1. What proportion of the drugs tested on human subjects are eventually approved by FDA? A. about 20% B. about 60% C. about 70% D. about 95%
  2. According to a study discussed in your manual, how do most physicians prefer to receive their drug samples? A. by borrowing them from hospitals B. by ordering them over the Internet C. by trading them for services D. directly from sales representatives
  3. Which of the following is an example of a central value? A. I buy Advil to show that I’m modern consumer. B. I like Advil because we were both born in the 80s. C. I prefer Advil because I like the flavor. D. I prefer Advil because it’s easier to swallow.
  4. Which of the following specialties likely has the MOST emergency calls? A. cardiology B. psychiatry C. urology D. All specialists have the same number of emergency calls.
  5. What affects the rate of active transport? A. the availability of carriers, but not energy B. the availability of energy, but not carriers C. the availability of carriers and energy D. neither the availability of carriers, nor the availability energy
  6. Over the last few decades, what has happened to the FDA approval time for new drugs? A. It has been lengthened to ensure safer drug products.

therapeutic groups and classes?

(GRADED)

B. It has been lengthened to limit DTC marketing. C. It has been shortened to improve drug quality. D. It has been shortened to reduce the cost of new drug development.

  1. Which of the following would NOT help improve compliance? A. patients liking their providers B. patients using only one pharmacist C. pharmacists understanding how generics differ from brand names drugs D. support groups
  2. Which entity chooses a drug’s trade name? A. the drug’s inventor B. the drug’s manufacturer C. the FDA D. the United States Pharmaceutical Council
  3. What type of stem cells are obtained from embryos and can develop into any cell type? A. multipotent B. pluripotent C. totipotent D. All stem cells can develop into any cell type.
  4. As the price a patient pays for a prescription increases, what happens to the likelihood that the patient will fill it? A. It decreases. B. It increases. C. It remains unaffected because the prescription is needed. D. It remains unaffected because the prescription’s increased cost is offset by its perceived value.
  5. Most involuntary movements come from which type of muscle tissue? A. cardiac and smooth B. only skeletal C. skeletal and cardiac D. skeletal and smooth

therapeutic groups and classes?

(GRADED)

B. positive C. potent D. primary

  1. What are the 2 legal classifications pf wholesalers? A. distributors and supply chains B. pharmacists and NAMs C. primary and secondary wholesale distributors D. retailers and institutions
  2. What term describes the usage of a medication for purposes other than the FDA-approved indications on the labeling? A. contraindicative indication B. off-indication usage C. off-label usage D. secondary indication
  3. What is the acronym pharmacokinetics? C. PK
  4. The dosage range of a drug that is both safe and beneficial known as the therapeutic window. A. True B. False
  5. What is typically NOT a characteristic of a pharmaceutical sales rep? A. Pharmaceutical sales reps are authentic and real B. Pharmaceutical sales reps are creative C. Pharmaceutical sales rep are focused. D. Pharmaceutical sales rep are not concerned about competitors.
  6. What entity grants drug patents? A. the FDA B. the FDA if the drug is over-the-counter and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office if the drug is prescription C. the FDA of the drug is prescription and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office if the drug is over- the -counter

therapeutic groups and classes?

(GRADED)

D. the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

  1. Which of the following refers to all active and inert pharmaceutical ingredients in a drug, including fillers and colors? A. formulation B. mycoplasma C. peptide D. saccharide
  2. What is the difference between potency and efficacy? A. Doctors prefer more potent drugs. B. Drugs manufacturers prefer more potent drugs. C. Potency refers to the drug’s effectiveness, while efficacy refers to its strength. D. Potency refers to the drug’s strength, while efficacy refers to its effectiveness.
  3. What is the minimum level of education required for a nurse practitioner? A. a certification program B. an associate’s degree C. a bachelor’s degree D. a graduate degree
  4. How many names must a drug have? A. at most three B. at least three C. at most five D. at least five
  5. How has a longer development time increased the cost of bringing a new drug to market? A. by decreasing patient attrition B. by decreasing the cost of capital C. by increasing the cost of capital D. by increasing the number of product recalls
  6. Senior citizens consume over times as many pharmaceuticals as people under 65. A. three

therapeutic groups and classes?

(GRADED)

  1. When a drug is administered orally, where does first-pass metabolism occur? A. intestine B. liver C. pancreas D. stomach
  2. What is the medical term for swelling? B. edema
  3. Which of the following is NOT part of the Seven Step Cascade of Emotion? A. be a consultant, not a rep B. identify what your product does C. reflect D. visualize the power of 10
  4. Which part of a clinical research paper is frequently referred to as the road map? A. abstract B. findings C. letter to the editor D. methods
  5. Which of the following is a main active ingredient in lung surfactants? A. animal lung extract B. germicides C. sympathomimetic drugs D. theophylline
  6. What does parenteral mean? B. injections
  7. Which term denotes a type of substance that enhances the action of a drug or antigen? A. adjuvant B. indicated C. ligase D. peptide

therapeutic groups and classes?

(GRADED)

  1. If a sales representative’s product is placed on the second tier of standard three-tier formulary, which of the following is most likely true? A. it has not been reviewed by the P&T committee. B. it is in a neutral position unless it is at parity with other drugs. C. it probably has exclusive preferred status if it not at parity with any other drugs. D. it will essentially sell itself if it is granted exclusive preferred status.
  2. Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic transport mechanisms? A. active transport B. homeostasis C. passive diffusion D. pinocytosis
  3. Which statement accurately describes a relationship between drug agonists and antagonists? A. Agonists and antagonists can be used together. B. Agonists and antagonists should not be used together. C. Antagonist drugs activate receptors, while agonists block access to receptors. D. Antagonists are endogenous whereas agonists are man-made.
  4. What is the study of the effects and movement of drugs in the human body? C. clinical pharmacology
  5. According to your manual, what is a common complaint that physicians have about traditional sampling methods? A. that drug sample supply is too unpredictable B. that patients are less likely to take free samples because they think they are lower quality C. that patients do not like seeing drug representatives in their offices D. that they receive too many drug samples
  6. Which of these entities is formed by two or more hospitals or other healthcare entities to negotiate reduced rates with its aggregated purchasing power? A. GPO B. In-state wholesaler C. PPO D. RPO

therapeutic groups and classes?

(GRADED)

B. float price C. list price D. non-stock price

  1. Which of these is the most likely use for a uterotonic agent? A. to induce labor B. to make the urine more alkaline C. to supplement oral food intake D. to treat hyperthyroidism
  2. As of November 2013, which of these countries has legalized DTC advertising of prescription drugs? A. Canada B. Japan C. Spain D. none of these
  3. Why are oral drugs often taken on empty stomach? A. to be more wholly absorbed by stomach B. to minimize absorption by intestine C. to minimize nausea D. to pass through the stomach more quickly
  4. What is one factor that differentiates community health centers from hospitals? A. Community health center formularies are more restrictive B. Community health centers have higher reimbursement rates C. Newer brand name drugs are easier to access at community health centers. D. none of these
  5. How does sampling provide a social benefit? A. Doctors donate their unused drug samples to charities. B. Doctors often use drugs samples to treat patients who otherwise could not afford it. C. It allows patients to try out different prescription medications before consulting with physicians. D. Drug sampling provides a social benefit in all of these ways.
  6. Which medical term denotes the use of a stethoscope to listen to the heart?

therapeutic groups and classes?

(GRADED)

A. auscultation B. cardioversion C. catheterization D. echocardiography

  1. What do enteric coatings do? A. facilitate vomiting B. help drugs dissolve in stomach C. help drugs enter the bloodstream more quickly D. prevent dissolution in the stomach
  2. What is the duration of exclusivity for orphan drugs? A. 6 months B. 1 year C. 7 years D. 15 years
  3. What do National Account Managers do? A. act as the sales reps’ primary point of contact with the rest of the corporation B. manage the FDA approval process C. negotiate contracts with MCOs and PBMs D. sell only to pharmacies
  4. What does it usually mean if a drug recall is voluntary? A. Pharmacies may choose whether to return the drug or dispense it. B. The FDA has determined that the drug is perfectly safe, but ineffective. C. The manufacturer has recalled the product on its own, but negotiated with the FDA beforehand. D. The manufacturer has recall the product without negotiating with the FDA.
  5. Which phase of clinical trials is also known as the pivotal phase? A. Phase I B. Phase III C. Phase IV

therapeutic groups and classes?

(GRADED)

B. recharge C. standard fee D. upcharge

  1. What is the difference between a chronic (or continuing) reaction, and a delayed reaction? A. Chronic reactions are exaggerated, whereas delayed reactions are idiosyncratic. B. Chronic reactions occur only during treatment, whereas delayed reactions only occur during withdrawal. C. Chronic reactions persist for a long time, whereas delayed reactions take some time to develop. D. Delayed reactions are always idiosyncratic, but chronic reaction not.
  2. What is clinical effect? A. federally funded research condition B. the effect of maximum dosage C. the response produced by a medication D. the use of treatment drugs in chemotherapy
  3. Which of the following is an example of noncompliance? A. a patient forgetting to take a drug at a specified time a day B. a patient taking a drug, but only because it has been court-mandated C. a pharmacist dispensing a generic equivalent of a drug instead of the brand name D. a physician refusing to prescribe a drug because (s)he does not trust the clinical studies on it
  4. What is the average circulation time of blood? A. about a minute B. about 5 minutes C. about 5 to 10 minutes depending on the patient’s age and health conditions D. about 10 minutes
  5. What is one way in which pharmaceutical selling is different from selling in most other industries? A. in pharmaceutical sales, the decisions-makers, consumers, and payers are usually the same entity B. Pharmaceutical selling takes less time because doctors are so busy. C. Representatives do NOT sell the end user of the product. D. Representatives DO sell to the end user of the product.

therapeutic groups and classes?

(GRADED)

  1. From what types of entities do primary wholesale distributors buy most of their drugs? A. brokerages B. buying clubs C. manufacturers D. physicians
  2. What is the Office of the Inspector General (OIG)? A. a department in pharmaceutical companies B. an arm of the Department of Health and Human Services C. an arm of the European Medicines Agency D. an arm of the FDA
  3. What are doctors required to consider when deciding whether or not prescribe a particular drug? A. quantity of life over quality of life B. that no drugs with adverse effects should ever be used C. the inferiority of OTC drugs D. the severity of the disorder being treated and the effect it has on the patient’s quality of life 100.Which entity assigns a new drug its generic names? A. the drug’s inventor B. The Food and Drug Administration C. the United States Adopted Name Council D. the United States Pharmaceutical Council
  4. Drugs can be used days beyond their expiration date. A. 2-7 days, depending on the most current monograph B. 2-90 days, depending on state laws C. 7-90 days, depending on the type of drug and its therapeutic class D. none of these
  5. What is necessary for a drug to be excreted extensively via the kidneys? A. The drug must be water-soluble, and not bind too tightly to proteins in the bloodstream. B. The drug must have a phospholipid bilayer and be non-water-soluble. C. The drug must have a phospholipid bilayer and bind well to proteins in the bloodstream.

therapeutic groups and classes?

(GRADED)

A. a weaker patients’ rights movement B. lack of insurance coverage C. less reliance on the Internet D. proliferation of herbal remedies

  1. What is the degree to which a medication produces a therapeutic effect? A. diffusion B. efficacy C. protease D. vector
  2. What is the most important benefit of electronic prescribing? A. choice B. cost C. inquiries D. safety
  3. When does the FDA regulate generic drugs? A. only if they are branded generics B. only if they have been contested C. always D. never
  4. Which phase of trials largely determines the clinical dose? A. preclinical trials B. Phase II trials C. Phase III trials D. Phase IV trials
  5. What is an advantage of inactivated vaccines over attenuated vaccines? A. Inactivated vaccines are less expensive to prepare. B. Inactivated vaccines have a higher probability of eliciting the desired immunological response. C. Inactivated vaccines have a more stable shelf life. D. Inactivated vaccines only require a single dose.

therapeutic groups and classes?

(GRADED)

  1. Which medical term denotes a low supply of oxygen due to blood flow? A. potentiation B. ischemia C. TID D. titration
  2. What are the two main of prescription drug marketing? A. (1) marketing to insurance companies, and (2) marketing to pharmacies B. (1) PBM marketing, and (2) marketing to governments C. (1) professional physician promotions, and (2) direct-to-consumer advertising D. (1) publicly-funded marketing, and (2) physician-funded marketing 116.What is the site of delivery for subcutaneous injections? A. fatty tissue beneath the surface of the skin B. lymphatic tissue C. muscle tissue D. the stomach, via a special type of needle
  3. What must be contained in the Description section of a pharmaceutical package insert? A. adverse effects B. mechanism of action C. pharmacokinetics D. the proprietary name and established name
  4. What is the study of a mediation’s effects as it through the body? A. pharmacodynamics B. pharmacogenetics C. pharmacogenomics D. pharmacokinetics
  5. Customers purchase products from people they like, trust, and respect. This is called the. A. closing of the sale B. first time advantage C. likeability factor