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NASM BEHAVIOR CHANGE
SPECIALIST EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
"Research from the industrial/organizational areas has clearly shown that - CORRECT ANSWER in 90% of
the studies, specific, difficult goals led to higher levels of performance than easy goals, no goals, or "do your best" goals." "In many weight loss programs, clients learn to eliminate high fat tempting foods from their homes which reduces the temptation to eat these foods while building stimulus-response connections to better food
choices. This is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER Environmental Stimulus Control."
"A fitness professional removes the client's least favorite exercise from their next session when the client
adheres to his or her nutrition program. This is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER negative
reinforcement" "A sport psychologist had a bowler track the correct execution of elements of the bowling swing (e.g., grip,
follow through, balance) or problems with the execution of these elements. This is an example of -
CORRECT ANSWER self-monitoring."
"According to Rational Emotive Therapy, the most important factor which influences our experiences of
the world and our resulting mood is our - CORRECT ANSWER thoughts and interpretation."
"Which of the following statements may enhance the client's sense of choice and control, and potentially
reduce unnecessary anxiety? - CORRECT ANSWER I would like to lose 10 pounds."
"Cognitive behavior therapy is unique from other forms of therapy in that - CORRECT ANSWER it focuses
on the interaction of the person's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors."
"Bio-informational theory of imagery argues that imagery facilitates the learning of motor skills -
CORRECT ANSWER by assuming an image is a functionally organized set of propositions stored in the
brain with the focus on stimulus and response propositions." "The psycho-neuromuscular theory of imagery argues that imagery facilitates the learning of motor skills
CORRECT ANSWER by innervating muscles in the same way that physically practicing the movement
does."
"The symbolic theory of imagery argues that imagery facilitates the learning of motor skills - CORRECT
ANSWER by focusing on acquiring and understanding movement patterns."
"If a coach recognizes that their client is lacking social support, they could - CORRECT ANSWER use
strategies for encouraging social interaction." "Health and Fitness Professionals specializing in Behavior Change need to abide by a strict code of ethics
with their clients. One important aspect of behaving in an ethical manner is - CORRECT ANSWER making
sure that they are working within their specific scope of practice and expertise."
"Occupations such as personal trainer and health educator have grown in recent years primarily due to -
CORRECT ANSWER The correct answer is: an increase in overweight and obesity in both adults and
teenagers."
"Health and fitness professionals specializing in behavior change - CORRECT ANSWER will be able to use
scientifically validated screening and intervention techniques in a guided self-help way to progress clients to results."
"Certified Personal Trainers that have specialized in behavior change can use behavior change skills -
CORRECT ANSWER across a wide variety of client populations because the principles of behavior change
do not change across populations."
"Guided self-help describes - CORRECT ANSWER a professional-client relationship that is supportive,
positive and goal oriented so the client can meet challenges along the way to achieving goals"
"Active listening involves - CORRECT ANSWER listening intently and focusing attention on the client even
though at times this requires silence."
"Coaches need to understand learning preferences and styles because - CORRECT ANSWER The correct
answer is: adults learn differently from each other and approach learning differently than do children."
"The OSCAR model, which is a framework for a coaching engagement, is an acronym for - CORRECT
ANSWER outcome, situation, choices, actions, and review."
"It is the ultimate goal of fitness coaches to - CORRECT ANSWER have clients develop the knowledge and
skills that will make them responsible for their own solutions."
"The OSCAR model of change is - CORRECT ANSWER a framework for coaching engagement which
provides a clear structure for the coaching process." "People learn by doing and feeling and rely more on intuition than logic. This is an example of which of
Kolb's learning styles? - CORRECT ANSWER Accommodating"
"A good example of a process goal would be - CORRECT ANSWER making sure you keep your head down
throughout your drives in golf."
"Goal setting is important as a behavior change technique - CORRECT ANSWER when the goals enhance
motivation and direct attention toward goal completion."
"To increase goal commitment fitness professional should make sure that clients - CORRECT ANSWER
own their goals via having input on setting up goals." "In a study investigating goal setting in relation to dietary habits and weight control, what technique was
combined with goal setting produced the most positive effects? - CORRECT ANSWER Self-monitoring"
"Which of the following is an example of a subjective goal? - CORRECT ANSWER I want to have more fun
exercising this year than last year."
"Both short- and long-term goals are important because - CORRECT ANSWER long-term goals tell you
where you eventually want to go and short-term goals provide feedback in terms of where you are in reaching your long-term goals."
"Which of the following is a potential problem when setting goals? - CORRECT ANSWER Setting too many
goals too soon."
"Generalization means - CORRECT ANSWER maintenance of behavior change across time and
circumstances." "A wellness professional wanted to increase the amount of walking a client did. The client liked to socialize with friends at a pub. So the wellness professional suggested that to get to the pub and socialize (the likely
behavior) the client should walk to pub (unlikely behavior) rather than drive. This is an example of -
CORRECT ANSWER Premacking."
"When you smell one of your favorite foods, you may immediately salivate and have a strong desire to eat
it. This is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER classical conditioning."
"Progressive Relaxation - CORRECT ANSWER consists of tensing and relaxing specific muscles groups
throughout the body."
"Contingency contracting - CORRECT ANSWER involves the use of explicit agreements specifying
expectations, and plans for the behavior to be changed."
"Researchers were able to increase the percentage of correct executions of different tasks in football,
gymnastics, and tennis by focusing on using modeling. This demonstrated the effectiveness of - CORRECT
ANSWER behavioral coaching."
"Behavior therapy is - CORRECT ANSWER the application of principles to real life situations derived from
learning theory such as classical and operant conditioning." "Which of the Big Five personality traits (related to perseverance) has been shown in research to be
particularly important in health management? - CORRECT ANSWER Conscientiousness"
"In regards to the mechanisms of weight loss, individuals who lose weight and keep it off - CORRECT
ANSWER often use self-monitoring techniques."
"What is the important first step in preventing lapses from becoming relapses? - CORRECT ANSWER
Accept it"
"As part of the journaling process, it is important that the client - CORRECT ANSWER write openly in a
free-flowing style."
"The stress inoculation technique involves which two steps? - CORRECT ANSWER Education; coping self-
statements"
"Utilizing the 5-step problem solving model can be particularly useful in that it - CORRECT ANSWER can
enhance the client's coping ability when obstacles arise."
"If a client is found to score low on conscientiousness, how might a wellness coach help the client? -
CORRECT ANSWER Provide additional hands-on assistance with self-monitoring and planning."
"Imagery facilitates behavior change in health and fitness - CORRECT ANSWER by using all appropriate
senses." "Quotes by exercisers such as "when I imagine exercising it gets me energized," and "I imagine becoming
healthier by exercise" demonstrate what use of imagery? - CORRECT ANSWER Improving Motivation"
"A person saying that imagery has helped him maintain his exercise regimen is an example of - CORRECT
ANSWER an anecdotal report."
""I concentrate on my form when doing imagery. I like to see myself going through a perfect routine with all the right body posture...Doing the skills and movements correctly gives me a sense that I am actually accomplishing something during my exercise." This quote represents what function of exercise imagery?
CORRECT ANSWER Exercise Technique"
"What particular difficulties may a wellness professional have in working with the elderly population? -
CORRECT ANSWER The elderly have had more life experiences which the younger professional cannot
relate to."
"What must happen before a wellness professional makes a referral for their client? - CORRECT ANSWER
The client must agree they need additional help" "Wellness professionals differ from some other healthcare providers (e.g., psychologists) in that they are
__________ to make a diagnosis. - CORRECT ANSWER not allowed"
"Which of the following situations may warrant a possible referral to another healthcare professional? -
CORRECT ANSWER The client reveals to the wellness professional that they have an eating disorder."
"Which of the following scenarios violates the implicit one-sided nature of the professional relationship
between a coach and client? - CORRECT ANSWER A coach and his/her client are mutually helping each
other work towards their goals."
"Professional relationships differ from casual friendships in that they are - CORRECT ANSWER
systematic, formal, and time-limited." "As wellness professionals are not able to assess, diagnose, or treat diseases and disorders, when helping
a client they should - CORRECT ANSWER utilize self-help techniques."
"Proper ethical behavior can ________ client satisfaction and __________ client attrition. - CORRECT
ANSWER increase; decrease"
"Good record keeping during a training session can be especially beneficial because - CORRECT ANSWER
client progress can be tracked and referred to over time." "By making sure that all practices are evidence-based and well documented, a wellness professional is
adhering to which General Principle from the APA Ethics Code? - CORRECT ANSWER Integrity"
"Coaches who make sure that their range of activities does not exceed their training and experience -
CORRECT ANSWER is adhering to scope of practice."
“Both the OPT (Optimum Performance Training Model) and the Stages of Change are different from
traditional models of behavior change because - CORRECT ANSWER they take an individualized
approach focusing on the individual client, the environment in which he or she is placed, and what they are capable or ready to do" "Employers are recognizing not only the need for increased fitness but overall health in their employees.
This has led to the rise of - CORRECT ANSWER corporate fitness programs."
"Coaching in the wellness area is defined as - CORRECT ANSWER partnering with clients in a thought-
provoking and creative process that inspires them to maximize their personal and professional potential" "American adults have become more and more overweight over the years. Most recently, approximately
what percentage of adults are overweight and obese? - CORRECT ANSWER About 1/3 of American adults
are obese and 2/3 are overweight." "A health and fitness professional working with a client on injury rehabilitation generally will have the skills
necessary to deal with the most prevalent problem in rehabilitation, which is - CORRECT ANSWER
adherence/compliance to the exercise regimen set by the physical therapist."
"The term "unconditional positive regard" means that fitness coaches - CORRECT ANSWER believe that
the client has the capacity to grow and find within themselves the answers that they need."
"A coach in the helping profession - CORRECT ANSWER works with their clients to aid the client in setting
realistic goals, making appropriate choices, defining a program that will help the client reach his or her goals, monitoring progress, and offering feedback."
"Lazarus' model of screening is multimodal because it - CORRECT ANSWER emphasizes the biological
aspects of humans to include such things as behaving, thinking, sensing, expressing, and imagining."
"Lazarus' multimodal screening model is especially helpful to fitness professionals because it - CORRECT
ANSWER can help determine which interventions to use to initiate desired changes in clients without
actually developing a formal clinical diagnosis."
"Lazarus' multimodal model is known through the mnemonic BASIC ID. This stands for - CORRECT
ANSWER behavior, affect, sensation, imagery, cognition, interpersonal, and drugs."
