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These exam notes cover key concepts in culture and society, focusing on indigenous history and sovereignty. Topics include the distinction between culture and society, survivance, linguistic and visual sovereignty, food sovereignty, indigenous sacrifice, indian boarding schools, material culture, alienation of material culture, cultural sovereignty, provenance, community curating, object biography, nagpra, salvage ethnography, decolonized museum practice, nmai, casinos, and civil rights.
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Culture |||\\ vs. |||\\ Society Culture |||\\ is |||\\ specific, |||\\ place |||\\ - |||\\ it |||\\ is |||\\ known |||\\ and |||\\ experienced, |||\\ you |||\\ have |||\\ a |||\\ personal |||\\ relationship |||\
(e.g. |||\\ Religion, |||\\ language, |||\\ arts, |||\\ food, |||\\ the |||\\ humanities) Society |||\\ is |||\\ abstract, |||\\ space |||\\ (e.g. |||\\ Sociology |||\\ - |||\\ human |||\\ interactions, |||\\ political |||\\ organization, |||\
science |||\\ is |||\\ difference |||\\ between |||\\ wisdom |||\\ and |||\\ knowledge) Survivance Survivance |||\\ -survival |||\\ and |||\\ resistance |||\\ (didn't |||\\ just |||\\ survive |||\\ by |||\\ luck) Linguistic |||\\ Sovereignty ability |||\\ to |||\\ choose |||\\ to |||\\ speak |||\\ and |||\\ write |||\\ in|||\\ your |||\\ own |||\\ language Visual |||\\ Sovereignty right |||\\ to |||\\ use |||\\ whatever |||\\ designs |||\\ and |||\\ colors |||\\ they |||\\ like |||\\ - |||\\ what |||\\ are |||\\ our |||\\ aesthetics/beauty Food |||\\ Sovereignty right |||\\ to |||\\ choose |||\\ what |||\\ foods |||\\ make |||\\ up|||\\ your |||\\ diet Indigenous |||\\ sacrifice Sacrifice |||\\ own |||\\ culture |||\\ to |||\\ fit |||\\ into |||\\ American |||\\ culture Indian |||\\ Boarding |||\\ Schools |||\\ / |||\\ Nadir |||\\ period |||\\ 1870- Colonel |||\\ Pratt|||\\ forms |||\\ idea |||\\ of|||\\ residential |||\\ schools. |||\\ Warriors |||\\ in|||\\ military |||\\ camp |||\\ could |||\\ be |||\
changed |||\\ if|||\\ they |||\\ learned |||\\ english. |||\\ Better|||\\ in|||\\ children |||\\ - |||\\ they |||\\ are |||\\ younger |||\\ Used |||\\ uniforms, |||\
regulation |||\\ haircuts, |||\\ marching. Carlisle, |||\\ PA|||\\ - |||\\ first|||\\ residential |||\\ school |||\\ From |||\\ all |||\\ over |||\\ America |||\\ as |||\\ young |||\\ as |||\\ 6 |||\\ years |||\\ old |||\
Traumatic |||\\ for |||\\ the |||\\ children: |||\\ beatings, |||\\ rape |||\\ (caused |||\\ generational |||\\ trauma) Material |||\\ culture Material |||\\ culture: |||\\ anything |||\\ people |||\\ make |||\\ within |||\\ their |||\\ tradition |||\\ - |||\\ wampum |||\\ belts |||\\ Art|||\\ had |||\\ to |||\
be |||\\ as |||\\ portable |||\\ as |||\\ they |||\\ were.Visual |||\\ idiom Thing, |||\\ Object, |||\\ Artifact artifact/object |||\\ biography |||\\ - |||\\ all artifacts |||\\ are |||\\ objects, |||\\ but |||\\ not |||\\ all |||\\ objects |||\\ are |||\\ artifacts, |||\\ a |||\\ thing |||\\ is |||\\ a |||\\ term|||\\ for |||\\ any |||\\ entity, |||\\ an |||\
object |||\\ is |||\\ a |||\\ physical |||\\ item, |||\\ an |||\\ artifact |||\\ is |||\\ human |||\\ made Source |||\\ community
source |||\\ community |||\\ is |||\\ the |||\\ Indigenous |||\\ group |||\\ or |||\\ tribe |||\\ from|||\\ which |||\\ cultural |||\\ artifacts, |||\
traditions, |||\\ or |||\\ knowledge |||\\ originate, |||\\ often |||\\ consulted |||\\ to |||\\ ensure |||\\ accurate |||\\ and |||\\ respectful |||\
representation. Alienation |||\\ of|||\\ material |||\\ culture |||\\ (i.e. |||\\ in|||\\ museums |||\\ and |||\\ galleries) Natives |||\\ considered |||\\ also |||\\ extinct |||\\ and |||\\ in|||\\ the |||\\ past, |||\\ the |||\\ separation |||\\ of|||\\ cultural |||\\ artifacts |||\\ from|||\
their |||\\ originating |||\\ communities, |||\\ often |||\\ leading |||\\ to |||\\ a |||\\ loss |||\\ of|||\\ context, |||\\ meaning, |||\\ and |||\\ connection |||\\ to |||\\ the |||\\ people |||\\ who |||\\ created |||\\ them. |||\\ Reclaim |||\\ the |||\\ traditional |||\\ ways |||\\ that|||\\ have |||\\ been |||\\ striped |||\\ by |||\
colonialism |||\\ Land, |||\\ language, |||\\ artifacts, |||\\ religious, |||\\ art|||\\ - |||\\ sovereignty |||\\ (assert |||\\ right |||\\ for |||\\ self |||\
determination |||\\ in|||\\ any |||\\ given |||\\ field) Museums |||\\ already |||\\ colonial |||\\ because |||\\ they |||\\ were|||\\ established |||\\ by |||\\ colonists Cabinet |||\\ of|||\\ curiosities the |||\\ first|||\\ museum, |||\\ collections |||\\ of|||\\ interesting |||\\ and |||\\ uncommon |||\\ artifacts |||\\ (elite |||\\ wealthy, |||\\ shows |||\
off |||\\ education, |||\\ money, |||\\ access, |||\\ worldliness) Cultural |||\\ alienation Cultural |||\\ alienation |||\\ is |||\\ the |||\\ feeling |||\\ of|||\\ disconnection |||\\ or |||\\ estrangement |||\\ individuals |||\\ or |||\\ groups |||\
experience |||\\ when |||\\ they |||\\ are |||\\ distanced |||\\ from|||\\ their |||\\ native |||\\ culture, |||\\ traditions, |||\\ or |||\\ social |||\
identity, |||\\ often |||\\ due |||\\ to |||\\ external |||\\ influences |||\\ or |||\\ dominant |||\\ cultures. Cultural |||\\ sovereignty |||\\ (the |||\\ right |||\\ to |||\\ practice |||\\ one's |||\\ own |||\\ cultural |||\\ traditions |||\\ without |||\
interference) Cultural |||\\ sovereignty |||\\ is |||\\ the |||\\ inherent |||\\ right |||\\ of|||\\ a |||\\ group |||\\ or |||\\ community |||\\ to |||\\ freely |||\\ practice, |||\
preserve, |||\\ and |||\\ promote |||\\ their |||\\ cultural |||\\ traditions, |||\\ language, |||\\ and |||\\ customs |||\\ without |||\\ external |||\
interference |||\\ or |||\\ domination. Provenance history |||\\ of|||\\ ownership, |||\\ the |||\\ place |||\\ of|||\\ origin, |||\\ authenticity Community |||\\ curating Community |||\\ curating |||\\ is |||\\ a |||\\ collaborative |||\\ approach |||\\ where |||\\ local |||\\ or |||\\ source |||\\ communities |||\
actively |||\\ participate |||\\ in|||\\ the |||\\ selection, |||\\ interpretation, |||\\ and |||\\ presentation |||\\ of|||\\ cultural |||\\ artifacts |||\
or |||\\ exhibits, |||\\ ensuring |||\\ their |||\\ perspectives |||\\ and |||\\ voices |||\\ are |||\\ represented. Object |||\\ biography Object |||\\ biography |||\\ is |||\\ the |||\\ study |||\\ of|||\\ an |||\\ object's |||\\ life |||\\ history, |||\\ tracing |||\\ its |||\\ creation, |||\\ use, |||\
ownership, |||\\ and |||\\ changes |||\\ in|||\\ meaning |||\\ over |||\\ time, |||\\ revealing |||\\ its |||\\ social, |||\\ cultural, |||\\ and |||\\ historical |||\
significance. N.A.G.P.R.A. 1990 |||\\ Native |||\\ American |||\\ Graves |||\\ Protection |||\\ and |||\\ Repatriation |||\\ Act. |||\\ U.S. |||\\ federal |||\\ law |||\\ passed |||\\ in|||\
1990 |||\\ that|||\\ mandates |||\\ the |||\\ return |||\\ of|||\\ Native |||\\ American |||\\ human |||\\ remains, |||\\ funerary |||\\ objects, |||\
sacred |||\\ objects, |||\\ and |||\\ objects |||\\ of|||\\ cultural |||\\ patrimony |||\\ to |||\\ their |||\\ respective |||\\ Indigenous |||\\ tribes |||\\ and |||\\ communities. Collect, |||\\ Order, |||\\ Govern