Culture vs. Society: Indigenous History and Sovereignty Exam Notes, Exams of Nursing

These exam notes cover key concepts in culture and society, focusing on indigenous history and sovereignty. Topics include the distinction between culture and society, survivance, linguistic and visual sovereignty, food sovereignty, indigenous sacrifice, indian boarding schools, material culture, alienation of material culture, cultural sovereignty, provenance, community curating, object biography, nagpra, salvage ethnography, decolonized museum practice, nmai, casinos, and civil rights.

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2025/2026

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NAT |||\\\ 105 |||\\\ Exam |||\\\ 2 |||\\\ with |||\\\ correct |||\\\
answers
Culture |||\\\ vs. |||\\\ Society
Culture |||\\\ is |||\\\ specific, |||\\\ place |||\\\ - |||\\\ it |||\\\ is |||\\\ known |||\\\ and |||\\\ experienced, |||\\\ you |||\\\ have |||\\\ a |||\\\ personal |||\\\ relationship |||\\\
(e.g. |||\\\ Religion, |||\\\ language, |||\\\ arts, |||\\\ food, |||\\\ the |||\\\ humanities)
Society |||\\\ is |||\\\ abstract, |||\\\ space |||\\\ (e.g. |||\\\ Sociology |||\\\ - |||\\\ human |||\\\ interactions, |||\\\ political |||\\\ organization, |||\\\
science |||\\\ is |||\\\ difference |||\\\ between |||\\\ wisdom |||\\\ and |||\\\ knowledge)
Survivance
Survivance |||\\\ -survival |||\\\ and |||\\\ resistance |||\\\ (didn't |||\\\ just |||\\\ survive |||\\\ by |||\\\ luck)
Linguistic |||\\\ Sovereignty
ability |||\\\ to |||\\\ choose |||\\\ to |||\\\ speak |||\\\ and |||\\\ write |||\\\ in |||\\\ your |||\\\ own |||\\\ language
Visual |||\\\ Sovereignty
right |||\\\ to |||\\\ use |||\\\ whatever |||\\\ designs |||\\\ and |||\\\ colors |||\\\ they |||\\\ like |||\\\ - |||\\\ what |||\\\ are |||\\\ our |||\\\ aesthetics/beauty
Food |||\\\ Sovereignty
right |||\\\ to |||\\\ choose |||\\\ what |||\\\ foods |||\\\ make |||\\\ up |||\\\ your |||\\\ diet
Indigenous |||\\\ sacrifice
Sacrifice |||\\\ own |||\\\ culture |||\\\ to |||\\\ fit |||\\\ into |||\\\ American |||\\\ culture
Indian |||\\\ Boarding |||\\\ Schools |||\\\ / |||\\\ Nadir |||\\\ period |||\\\ 1870-1930
Colonel |||\\\ Pratt |||\\\ forms |||\\\ idea |||\\\ of |||\\\ residential |||\\\ schools. |||\\\ Warriors |||\\\ in |||\\\ military |||\\\ camp |||\\\ could |||\\\ be |||\\\
changed |||\\\ if |||\\\ they |||\\\ learned |||\\\ english. |||\\\ Better |||\\\ in |||\\\ children |||\\\ - |||\\\ they |||\\\ are |||\\\ younger |||\\\ Used |||\\\ uniforms, |||\\\
regulation |||\\\ haircuts, |||\\\ marching.
Carlisle, |||\\\ PA |||\\\ - |||\\\ first |||\\\ residential |||\\\ school |||\\\ From |||\\\ all |||\\\ over |||\\\ America |||\\\ as |||\\\ young |||\\\ as |||\\\ 6 |||\\\ years |||\\\ old |||\\\
Traumatic |||\\\ for |||\\\ the |||\\\ children: |||\\\ beatings, |||\\\ rape |||\\\ (caused |||\\\ generational |||\\\ trauma)
Material |||\\\ culture
Material |||\\\ culture: |||\\\ anything |||\\\ people |||\\\ make |||\\\ within |||\\\ their |||\\\ tradition |||\\\ - |||\\\ wampum |||\\\ belts |||\\\ Art |||\\\ had |||\\\ to |||\\\
be |||\\\ as |||\\\ portable |||\\\ as |||\\\ they |||\\\ were.Visual |||\\\ idiom
Thing, |||\\\ Object, |||\\\ Artifact
artifact/object |||\\\ biography |||\\\ - |||\\\ all
artifacts |||\\\ are |||\\\ objects, |||\\\ but |||\\\ not |||\\\ all |||\\\ objects |||\\\ are |||\\\ artifacts, |||\\\ a |||\\\ thing |||\\\ is |||\\\ a |||\\\ term |||\\\ for |||\\\ any |||\\\ entity, |||\\\ an |||\\\
object |||\\\ is |||\\\ a |||\\\ physical |||\\\ item, |||\\\ an |||\\\ artifact |||\\\ is |||\\\ human |||\\\ made
Source |||\\\ community
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NAT|||\\ 105 |||\\ Exam|||\\ 2 |||\\ with|||\\ correct|||\\

answers

Culture |||\\ vs. |||\\ Society Culture |||\\ is |||\\ specific, |||\\ place |||\\ - |||\\ it |||\\ is |||\\ known |||\\ and |||\\ experienced, |||\\ you |||\\ have |||\\ a |||\\ personal |||\\ relationship |||\
(e.g. |||\\ Religion, |||\\ language, |||\\ arts, |||\\ food, |||\\ the |||\\ humanities) Society |||\\ is |||\\ abstract, |||\\ space |||\\ (e.g. |||\\ Sociology |||\\ - |||\\ human |||\\ interactions, |||\\ political |||\\ organization, |||\
science |||\\ is |||\\ difference |||\\ between |||\\ wisdom |||\\ and |||\\ knowledge) Survivance Survivance |||\\ -survival |||\\ and |||\\ resistance |||\\ (didn't |||\\ just |||\\ survive |||\\ by |||\\ luck) Linguistic |||\\ Sovereignty ability |||\\ to |||\\ choose |||\\ to |||\\ speak |||\\ and |||\\ write |||\\ in|||\\ your |||\\ own |||\\ language Visual |||\\ Sovereignty right |||\\ to |||\\ use |||\\ whatever |||\\ designs |||\\ and |||\\ colors |||\\ they |||\\ like |||\\ - |||\\ what |||\\ are |||\\ our |||\\ aesthetics/beauty Food |||\\ Sovereignty right |||\\ to |||\\ choose |||\\ what |||\\ foods |||\\ make |||\\ up|||\\ your |||\\ diet Indigenous |||\\ sacrifice Sacrifice |||\\ own |||\\ culture |||\\ to |||\\ fit |||\\ into |||\\ American |||\\ culture Indian |||\\ Boarding |||\\ Schools |||\\ / |||\\ Nadir |||\\ period |||\\ 1870- Colonel |||\\ Pratt|||\\ forms |||\\ idea |||\\ of|||\\ residential |||\\ schools. |||\\ Warriors |||\\ in|||\\ military |||\\ camp |||\\ could |||\\ be |||\
changed |||\\ if|||\\ they |||\\ learned |||\\ english. |||\\ Better|||\\ in|||\\ children |||\\ - |||\\ they |||\\ are |||\\ younger |||\\ Used |||\\ uniforms, |||\
regulation |||\\ haircuts, |||\\ marching. Carlisle, |||\\ PA|||\\ - |||\\ first|||\\ residential |||\\ school |||\\ From |||\\ all |||\\ over |||\\ America |||\\ as |||\\ young |||\\ as |||\\ 6 |||\\ years |||\\ old |||\
Traumatic |||\\ for |||\\ the |||\\ children: |||\\ beatings, |||\\ rape |||\\ (caused |||\\ generational |||\\ trauma) Material |||\\ culture Material |||\\ culture: |||\\ anything |||\\ people |||\\ make |||\\ within |||\\ their |||\\ tradition |||\\ - |||\\ wampum |||\\ belts |||\\ Art|||\\ had |||\\ to |||\
be |||\\ as |||\\ portable |||\\ as |||\\ they |||\\ were.Visual |||\\ idiom Thing, |||\\ Object, |||\\ Artifact artifact/object |||\\ biography |||\\ - |||\\ all artifacts |||\\ are |||\\ objects, |||\\ but |||\\ not |||\\ all |||\\ objects |||\\ are |||\\ artifacts, |||\\ a |||\\ thing |||\\ is |||\\ a |||\\ term|||\\ for |||\\ any |||\\ entity, |||\\ an |||\
object |||\\ is |||\\ a |||\\ physical |||\\ item, |||\\ an |||\\ artifact |||\\ is |||\\ human |||\\ made Source |||\\ community

source |||\\ community |||\\ is |||\\ the |||\\ Indigenous |||\\ group |||\\ or |||\\ tribe |||\\ from|||\\ which |||\\ cultural |||\\ artifacts, |||\
traditions, |||\\ or |||\\ knowledge |||\\ originate, |||\\ often |||\\ consulted |||\\ to |||\\ ensure |||\\ accurate |||\\ and |||\\ respectful |||\
representation. Alienation |||\\ of|||\\ material |||\\ culture |||\\ (i.e. |||\\ in|||\\ museums |||\\ and |||\\ galleries) Natives |||\\ considered |||\\ also |||\\ extinct |||\\ and |||\\ in|||\\ the |||\\ past, |||\\ the |||\\ separation |||\\ of|||\\ cultural |||\\ artifacts |||\\ from|||\
their |||\\ originating |||\\ communities, |||\\ often |||\\ leading |||\\ to |||\\ a |||\\ loss |||\\ of|||\\ context, |||\\ meaning, |||\\ and |||\\ connection |||\\ to |||\\ the |||\\ people |||\\ who |||\\ created |||\\ them. |||\\ Reclaim |||\\ the |||\\ traditional |||\\ ways |||\\ that|||\\ have |||\\ been |||\\ striped |||\\ by |||\
colonialism |||\\ Land, |||\\ language, |||\\ artifacts, |||\\ religious, |||\\ art|||\\ - |||\\ sovereignty |||\\ (assert |||\\ right |||\\ for |||\\ self |||\
determination |||\\ in|||\\ any |||\\ given |||\\ field) Museums |||\\ already |||\\ colonial |||\\ because |||\\ they |||\\ were|||\\ established |||\\ by |||\\ colonists Cabinet |||\\ of|||\\ curiosities the |||\\ first|||\\ museum, |||\\ collections |||\\ of|||\\ interesting |||\\ and |||\\ uncommon |||\\ artifacts |||\\ (elite |||\\ wealthy, |||\\ shows |||\
off |||\\ education, |||\\ money, |||\\ access, |||\\ worldliness) Cultural |||\\ alienation Cultural |||\\ alienation |||\\ is |||\\ the |||\\ feeling |||\\ of|||\\ disconnection |||\\ or |||\\ estrangement |||\\ individuals |||\\ or |||\\ groups |||\
experience |||\\ when |||\\ they |||\\ are |||\\ distanced |||\\ from|||\\ their |||\\ native |||\\ culture, |||\\ traditions, |||\\ or |||\\ social |||\
identity, |||\\ often |||\\ due |||\\ to |||\\ external |||\\ influences |||\\ or |||\\ dominant |||\\ cultures. Cultural |||\\ sovereignty |||\\ (the |||\\ right |||\\ to |||\\ practice |||\\ one's |||\\ own |||\\ cultural |||\\ traditions |||\\ without |||\
interference) Cultural |||\\ sovereignty |||\\ is |||\\ the |||\\ inherent |||\\ right |||\\ of|||\\ a |||\\ group |||\\ or |||\\ community |||\\ to |||\\ freely |||\\ practice, |||\
preserve, |||\\ and |||\\ promote |||\\ their |||\\ cultural |||\\ traditions, |||\\ language, |||\\ and |||\\ customs |||\\ without |||\\ external |||\
interference |||\\ or |||\\ domination. Provenance history |||\\ of|||\\ ownership, |||\\ the |||\\ place |||\\ of|||\\ origin, |||\\ authenticity Community |||\\ curating Community |||\\ curating |||\\ is |||\\ a |||\\ collaborative |||\\ approach |||\\ where |||\\ local |||\\ or |||\\ source |||\\ communities |||\
actively |||\\ participate |||\\ in|||\\ the |||\\ selection, |||\\ interpretation, |||\\ and |||\\ presentation |||\\ of|||\\ cultural |||\\ artifacts |||\
or |||\\ exhibits, |||\\ ensuring |||\\ their |||\\ perspectives |||\\ and |||\\ voices |||\\ are |||\\ represented. Object |||\\ biography Object |||\\ biography |||\\ is |||\\ the |||\\ study |||\\ of|||\\ an |||\\ object's |||\\ life |||\\ history, |||\\ tracing |||\\ its |||\\ creation, |||\\ use, |||\
ownership, |||\\ and |||\\ changes |||\\ in|||\\ meaning |||\\ over |||\\ time, |||\\ revealing |||\\ its |||\\ social, |||\\ cultural, |||\\ and |||\\ historical |||\
significance. N.A.G.P.R.A. 1990 |||\\ Native |||\\ American |||\\ Graves |||\\ Protection |||\\ and |||\\ Repatriation |||\\ Act. |||\\ U.S. |||\\ federal |||\\ law |||\\ passed |||\\ in|||\
1990 |||\\ that|||\\ mandates |||\\ the |||\\ return |||\\ of|||\\ Native |||\\ American |||\\ human |||\\ remains, |||\\ funerary |||\\ objects, |||\
sacred |||\\ objects, |||\\ and |||\\ objects |||\\ of|||\\ cultural |||\\ patrimony |||\\ to |||\\ their |||\\ respective |||\\ Indigenous |||\\ tribes |||\\ and |||\\ communities. Collect, |||\\ Order, |||\\ Govern