Natural Optimization & Genetics: Local Minimization, Bio Optimization, & Inheritance, Slides of Mathematical Methods for Numerical Analysis and Optimization

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Natural Optimization Methods

Review

• Optimization
• Local minimization vs global minimization
• Categories: function, trial & error; single varialbe, mulitiple variables; static, dynamic; discrete, continuous; constrained, un- constrained; random, minimum seeking
• Minimum-Seeking Algorithms: exhaustive search, analytical optimization, Nelder-Meed downhill simplex method, line optimization

Reproduction basic unit (Sperms or Egg)

Paird chromosomes

DNA

Genes

Alleles

• First Law of Mondel: features inherited in pairs
• same allele -> homozygous
• Different allele -> hetrozygous
• Observed trait: phenotype
• Actual trait: genotype
• Mondel’s 2nd^ law: Inheritance of one allele (for one trait) is indepedent of that of another
• Reproduction: mitosis vs meiosis

Mitosis

• e.g in bectaria, ameba, virus, paramecium
• Chromosomes are copies and passed to offspring
• No chance to change their genetics
• Mutation can change genes only
• Mutation: chemical, radioactivity effects

Darwin’s Theory

• An offspring has many of the charactersitics of its parents
• There are variations in charactersitics between individuals that can be passed from one generation of the next
• Only a small percentage of offsprings produced survive to adulthood
• Which of the offspring survive depends on their inherited characteristics