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NBCE Physiotherapy –
Questions/Answers
Cardiovascular Fitness Correct Ans - vigorous exercise that results in 50-85% max oxygen consumption and 60 to 90 % heart rate & maintains this level for 15-20 minutes Aerobic Exercise Correct Ans - cyclic movements caused by the contraction of large muscle masses relying on aerobic energy pathways Target Heart Rate Equation Correct Ans - 220 beats/min - 20 (age) = 200 (estimated max. heart rate) Max heart rate - 60 (resting heart rate) = 140 x .75( HR range .6-.9) + 60(resting heart rate) = Target heart rate Williams Approach Correct Ans - cause of low back pain acquired by walking upright in straight position Williams Normal Posture Correct Ans - knees bent and torso slightly bent forward *activities geared to reduce lumbar lordosis McKenzie Approach Correct Ans - assessment and therapy based on pain and mechanical response to dynamic and static loading Postural Syndrome Correct Ans - end range stress of normal structures Dysfunction Correct Ans - end range stress leading to contracted or adherent structures Derangement Correct Ans - anatomical disruption or displacement of structure "herniated disc" Plyometrics Correct Ans - concept of power force x speed = power
exercise when a muscle is contracted eccentrically then immediately concentrically *pushup with clap Plyometrics technique Correct Ans - enables muscle to reach maximal force in shortest time jumps, hops, bounds, box drills, depth jumps Stretch Shortening Cycle (SSC) Correct Ans - 3 phases eccentric amortization concentric Acute Care Management Correct Ans - first 4 weeks Recover Care Management Correct Ans - after 4 weeks Chronic Phase Correct Ans - after 12 weeks Open Chain Exercise Correct Ans - Hand or foot free to move during exercise. Non weight bearing with movement occurring at elbow or knee joint. If weight applied to distal portion of the limb ex. bench press, biceps curl, leg extensions, straight leg raises Closed Chain Exercise Correct Ans - hand or foot is fixed ex. pushups, handstand pushups, pull ups, squats, lunges Lower Cross Syndrome Correct Ans - hyperlordosis = AS ilium tight erector spinae, psoas, and quads Upper Cross Syndrome Correct Ans - weak superficial are tight (SCM) & lower trap tight pecs, upper trapezius and levator scap
if fixed one moves to other Oblique Abdominal Group Correct Ans - Bilaterally: flex the vertebral column Unilaterally: rotate vertebral column Gluteus Maximus Correct Ans - extends and laterally rotates hip Gluteus Medius Correct Ans - Abducts hip joint anterior: medially rotates and assists in flexion of hip joint posterior: laterally rotates and assists in extension Piriformis Correct Ans - does the same but also does external rotation Hamstrings Correct Ans - Semittend & Semimemb: flexes and medially rotates knee joint Deep Intrinsics Correct Ans - Rotatores Multifidi Intertransversarri Core Stabilization Correct Ans - involves deep intrinsic muscles and quadratus lumborum, rectus abdominus, oblique abdominus Inversion Ankle Sprain Correct Ans - ant. talofibular ligament must strengthen peroneus longus and brevis mm. Serratus Anterior Correct Ans - Long thoracic nerve. abducts scapula "scapular winging" Types of Contractions Correct Ans - isometric isotonic isokinetic
Isometric Contraction Correct Ans - contraction with no change in length and NO JOINT MOVEMENT two opposing muscle contract in opposite directions ex. clasping hands and pull in opposite directions B.Q. safest post injury Isotonic Contraction Correct Ans - contraction with change in muscle length joint movement against constant weight ex. weight lifting Isotonic two types Correct Ans - Concentric: shortening of muscle; flexing forearm, biceps Eccentric: muscle lengthens while tension is maintained, extend forearm against resistance "negative contraction" Isokinetic Correct Ans - muscle length changes while constantly changing pressure or resistance to muscle at constant speed through full ROM. Ex. Cybex Machine Rules of 10 Correct Ans - 10 of each contractions, relaxations, reps, sets, angles with dynamic splints allow for physiological movement Beuger-Allen Correct Ans - Buerger's, Raynauds, Elderly, Bedridden, or Early Stages Diabetes series of exercises for patients with vascular disease repeated 6-7 times a day legs elevated: til blanching 30s-1min feet hang: hyperemia 2- Williams Exercises Correct Ans - To relieve LBP; strengthens spinal mm. of flexion and extension as well as abs and glut max. FLEXION Exercises Ab crunches Glut max: pelvic rocks or tilts Stretch hams, knee to chest
Thoracolumbosacral Supports Correct Ans - Milwaukee brace scoliosis. worn 23 hours/day employ for scoliosis btwn. 20-40 degrees Lumbar SI supports Correct Ans - Trochanteric Belt: Sacroiliac girdle -Hip circumference SI hypermobility; pregnant women Extremitiy Braces Correct Ans - Figure eight brace aka Louisiana strap taping *inversion ankle sprain Lennox Hill aka Derotational Brace *knee Cockup Splint *wrist/carpal tunnel syndrome Canes Correct Ans - OA in hip: cane in opposite hand 1 crutch: place crutch in opposite hand fitting crutches:2-10- measure 2" from axilla tip of crutch 10" from malleolus crutches should be placed correctly at 30 degrees Contraindication to ALL modalities Correct Ans - Hemorrhage Infection w/suppuration (not inflammation); TB osteomyelitis *exception UV superficially Malginancy (most important) Contraindication to ALL heating Correct Ans - Decrease thermal sensations Active TB Pregnancy (low back and abdomen) Encapsulated swelling; Herpes Simplex & Non-draining sinusitis Diabetes mellitus-late stage
Contraindication to ALL electrical Correct Ans - Pacemaker patients Pregnancy (low back and abdomen) Brain - Transcerebral Carotid Sinuses Decreased sensation (LVG only) Eyes Heart - transthoracic Frequency High Correct Ans - 100,000 Hz or greater Ultraviolet (UV) Infrared (IR) Short Wave Diathermy (SWD) Microwave Diathermy (MWD) Ultrasound (US Frequency Medium Correct Ans - 2,000 - 10,000Hz Interferential (IF) Frequency Low Correct Ans - 1 - 2,000 Hz Low Volt (Galvanic) High Volt (HV) SW Faradic TENS IF Ultra Low Correct Ans - below 1 Hz Microcurrent *increases ATP, Amino Acids *decreases pain
