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NBCOT PRACTICE 2026 FINAL REVIEW EXAM
โ median nerve injury. Answer: opponens splint (thumb spica), c- bar (holds hand in C) โ ulnar nerve injury. Answer: static/dynamic splint to position MCPs in flexion โ combined median ulnar. Answer: figure of eight or dynamic MCP flexion splint โ sci 6-7. Answer: tenodesis splint โ carpal tunnel syndrome. Answer: wrist splint neutral โ cubital tunnel syndrome. Answer: elbow splint at 30 degrees flexion โ deQuervains. Answer: thumb splint, includes wrist, IP joint free โ Erb's palsy splint. Answer: Elbow lock splint
โ Pronator teres syndrome. Answer: Elbow splint @ 90* with forearm in neutral โ Right cva. Answer: lack of insight, left side neglect, impulsive, short attention span, โ left cva. Answer: aphasia, apraxia, slow and cautious โ beneficence. Answer: concern for safey and well being of recipients of services โ nonmaleficence. Answer: refrain from actions that cause harm โ autonomy and confidentiality. Answer: respect the right of the individual to self determination โ social justice. Answer: provide services in a fair and equitable manner โ procedural justice. Answer: comply with institutional rules, local, state, federal and international laws and AOTA documents โ veracity. Answer: provide comprehensive, accurate, and objective information when representing the profession
โ hand dominance. Answer: development at 3-6 years, but is not fully defined until 6 years โ agnosia. Answer: Agnosia is a category of deficits where the patient lacks recognition of familiar objects as perceived by the senses. โ apraxia. Answer: inability to execute or carry out learned (familiar) movements, despite having desire and physical ability to do so โ ideomotor apraxia. Answer: inability to imitate gestures or perform a purposeful motor task on command, even though patient is able to fully understand idea or concept โ ideational apraxia. Answer: inability to carry out complex sequential motor acts d/t disruption of conception (loss of tool function knowledge) โ oral apraxia. Answer: difficulty forming and organizing intelligible words, though the musculature required is intact - contrasted w/ dysarthria wh/ involves muscles and causes slurred speech
โ neuroma. Answer: unorganized mass of nerve fibers resulting from a laceration or amputation in which the nerve regrows in unorganized bundles - results in sharp, radiating pain โ age at which infant sits erect and unsupported for several minutes. Answer: 8-9 months โ cause and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (aka CRPS). Answer: caused by trauma, post-surgical inflammation, infection, or laceration to an extremity - characterized by pain, edema, shiny skin, blotchy skin, excessive sweating or dryness โ symmetric tonic neck reflex. Answer: 1. When an infant's neck is extended, the elbows extend and hips flex. When the head is lowered, the elbows flex and hips extend.
- Transitions baby from lying on floor to being able to crawl โ asymmetric tonic neck reflex. Answer: aka "fencing reflex" - when infant turns head, the same side extremities extend and opposite side extremities flex โ tonic labyrinthine reflex. Answer: extensor pattern with head extension in supine or flexor pattern with head flexed in prone
โ klumpke's palsy. Answer: lower brachial plexus injury resulting in claw hand deformity; usually improves btwn 3-6 months โ classes of peripheral nerve injuries. Answer: Class I: neuropraxia Class II: axonotmesis Class III: neurotmesis โ glasgow coma scale eye response parameters. Answer: best eye response (4 [spontaneous], to speech, to pain, to 1 [no response]) โ glasgow coma scale verbal response parameters. Answer: best verbal response (5 [oriented x3], confused, inappropriate words, incomprehensible sounds, to 1 [no response]) โ glasgow coma scale motor response parameters. Answer: best motor response (6 [obeys commands], moves to localized pain, flxn w/drawal from pain, decorticate, decerebrate, to 1 [no response]) โ glasgow coma scale score range and indications. Answer: 3-15; score of 8 or lower = severe TBI, 9-12 = moderate, 13-15 = mild โ rancho level I. Answer: Total Assist; no response to stimuli
โ rancho level II. Answer: Total Assist; generalized response (general reflex to painful stimuli, gross body movement, not purposeful vocalization) โ rancho level III. Answer: Total Assist; localized response - periods of being awake, can follow simple commands (responses are inconsistent but related to type of stimulus) โ rancho level IV. Answer: Max Assist; confused and agitated (safety and deficit awareness are major issues) โ rancho level V. Answer: Max Assist; confused, inappropriate, non- agitated (short attention span of 2-3 minutes, needs step-by-step instructions, and responds inappropriately) โ rancho level VI. Answer: Mod Assist; confused, appropriate (sensical speech, performs simple tasks, attends for 30 minutes, new learning is difficult) โ rancho level VII. Answer: Min Assist; automatic appropriate (actions more appropriate to situation, breakdown of skills in times of stress, able to complete self-care routines, STM deficits) โ rancho level VIII. Answer: SBA; purposeful and appropriate actions (attends to task in distracting environment for 1 hour, more
โ Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Answer: Screening Test (performance based); 1 month - 3.5 years โ Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2 short form). Answer: performance based, 4-21 yos โ FirstSTEP. Answer: This test has a "checklist and rating scale which identifies preschool students at risk and in need of a more comprehensive evaluation, and assesses 5 areas identified by IDEA, which include cognition, communication, physical, social, emotional, and adaptive functioning โ Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-2). Answer: 1 month
- 7 years, performance based โ Miller Function & Participation Scale (M-FUN). Answer: 2.6-7. years, performance based plus caregiver/teacher ratings โ Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2). Answer: 4 - 21 years, performance based โ School Function Assessment (SFA). Answer: grades K-6th, questionnaire of performance of functional tasks that support participation
โ What is the best way to evaluate a COTA?. Answer: compare outcomes โ CARF best-practice client to therapist ratio. Answer: 5: โ altruism. Answer: AOTA core value that involves demonstrating concern for the welfare of others โ equality. Answer: AOTA core value of treating all people impartially and free of bias โ freedom. Answer: AOTA core value that the values and desires of the client guide our interventions โ justice (core value). Answer: AOTA core value of a state in which diverse communities are inclusive; diverse communities are organized and structured such that all members can function, flourish, and live a satisfactory life โ dignity. Answer: AOTA core value of treating client with respect in all interactions โ truth. Answer: AOTA core value that occupational therapy personnel must provide accurate information in oral, written,
โ justice (principle). Answer: AOTA principle to promote fairness and objectivity in provision of services (follow laws, rules, policies) โ veracity. Answer: AOTA principle to provide comprehensive, accurate, and objective information when representing the profession โ fidelity. Answer: AOTA principle to treat clients, colleagues, and other professionals with respect, fairness, discretion, and integrity โ Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE). Answer: used to determine a client's disability rating (impact of impairment on ability to perform any job) โ Stage 1 of Parkinson's disease. Answer: unilateral symptoms, resting tremor, only minimal loss of function โ Stage 2 of Parkinson's disease. Answer: bilateral symptoms, balance unaffected, although problems develop with trunk mobility and postural reflexes
โ Stage 3 of Parkinson's disease. Answer: impaired balance 2ndary to postural instability resulting in mild to moderate impairments in function โ Stage 4 of Parkinson's disease. Answer: decrease in postural instability, decrease in function, impaired mobility, need for assist with ADLs, poor FMC and dexterity โ Stage 5 of Parkinson's disease. Answer: total dependence for mobility and ADLs โ Motor learning principles. Answer: 1. Transfer of learning
- Feedback (modeling, verbal instruction, knowledge of results and performance)
- Distribution and variability of practice
- Whole vs. part practice
- Mental practice โ 10 - 12 month old handwriting development. Answer: Scribbles on paper โ 2 year old handwriting development. Answer: Imitates horizontal, vertical, and circular marks
paper position, pencil grip/adjustment of writing tool, paper modifications โ psychosoical handwriting intervention. Answer: focused on improving self-control, coping skills, and social behaviors - opportunities to enhance self-confidence โ phases and lengths of burn recovery. Answer: 1. Emergent phase: 0 - 72 hours post-injury
- Acute phase: 72 hours - wound closure (days-months)
- Rehabilitation phase: as needed for mvmt and fxn โ emergent phase intervention. Answer: observe joints affected, gather info on PLF, splint in antideformity position โ acute phase intervention. Answer: splint/position in anticontracture positions, edema management, early participation in ADLs, education โ neutral to slight extension. Answer: anticontracture position of anticontracture neck โ trunk extension, shoulder retraction. Answer: anticontracture position of chest/abdomen
โ shoulder abduction to 90, external rotation. Answer: anticontracture position of axilla โ extension. Answer: anticontracture position of elbow โ neutral to supination. Answer: anticontracture position of forearm โ intrinsic plus position. Answer: anticontracture position of hand โ 10 - 15 degrees abduction, neutral extn. Answer: anticontracture position of hip โ acute phase intervention: edema management. Answer: 1. elevation of extremities
- AROM exercises, if mvmt allowed
- wrapping with elastic bandage, unless bulky wound dressing is used โ ROM contraidicated. Answer: when tendons are exposed or after a recent graft (5-7 days)
โ Toileting: age 1.5. Answer: sits on toilet with supervision โ Toileting: age 2. Answer: urinates regularly โ Toileting: age 2.5. Answer: regular toileting schedule with assistance โ mobility at 9 months. Answer: stand while holding onto steady surface, begins to crawl โ mobility at 10 months. Answer: take purposeful steps with assistance โ mobility at 12 months. Answer: begin to walk independently โ Brachial Plexus Injury splint. Answer: flail arm splint โ radial nerve palsy splint. Answer: Dynamic wrist, finger, and thumb extension splint โ median nerve injury splint. Answer: Opponens splint, C-bar or thumb posterior splint
โ ulnar nerve injury splint. Answer: Dynamic/static splint to position MPs in flexion โ oval 8 splint indications. Answer: 1. Swan neck deformity
- Boutinniere deformity
- Mallet finger
- Lateral deviation
- Trigger finger
- Fractures (wear 2 for immobilization) โ Dequervain's tenosynovitis splint. Answer: thumb splint, includes wrist, IP joint free โ crossing midline. Answer: emerges during toddlerhood/early childhood; related to development of hand preference โ prone extension. Answer: related to inefficient vestibular processing in children 6 years of age and older โ supine flexion. Answer: related to poor praxis in children 6 years of age and older โ c1-c3. Answer: - uses respirator
