Download NBSTSA BOARD PREP------------------------NBSTSA BOARD PREP- and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NBSTSA BOARD PREP
After which war did Surgical Technology begin? - correct answer WWII When was AORT established? - correct answer 1969 Which 2 accrediting bodies became responsible for the ST certification in 1974? - correct answer LCC-ST + ARC-ST What year did AORT become AST? - correct answer 1978 In 2006 LCC-ST becomes? - correct answer NBSTSA ACS recognizes how many surgical specialties? - correct answer 14 Maintaining competence in specialized knowledge/skills encompassing attitude, value, behavior - correct answer Professional Surgical tech programs are accredited by? - correct answer CAAHEP Works under CAAHEP to set standards for education? - correct answer ARC/STSA Which agency delivers the national exam certification? - correct answer NBSTSA True/False: Certification for ST still remains voluntary - correct answer TRUE 5 tuckman stages - correct answer 1. Forming - acceptance/avoid conflict
- Storming - discuss discontent
- Norming - mutual plan
- Performing - function
- Adjourning - dissolves 3 types of hospitals? - correct answer 1. Nonprofit - profit back into hospital
- Proprietary - project back to investor
- Government - tax funds ST's work under which services? - correct answer Nursing/staffing What is most health insurance provided through? - correct answer HMO/PPO Difference between Medicare & Medicaid? - correct answer Medicare 65+ Medicaid low income ANSI - correct answer standards APIC - correct answer international infection prevention AAMI - correct answer safe use of medical devices ESAR-VHP - correct answer volunteers for emergencies during disasters NIOSH - correct answer w/in CDC, prevent work injury/illness Affidavit - correct answer statement of fact Deposition - correct answer Pretrial discovery questions answered under oath What is the difference between common and statutory law? - correct answer Common - court decision
Withdrawal of consent should be noted where? - correct answer Patient's medical record Illiterate persons may sign consent with? - correct answer x 2 examples of advanced directives - correct answer living will power of attorney Patient Care Partnership of 1972 - correct answer Patients are involved in their own care 2 issues of risk management - correct answer 1. reduced staffing
- employee rights What fraction of injury is caused by passing suture and scalpel? - correct answer suture 1/ scalpel 1/ According to the Safe Medical Device Act if a device has caused harm it must be reported to? - correct answer FDA + Mfg Ethics - correct answer system of moral principles that become a standard Morals - correct answer code of conduct set by society (trust, honesty) Maslows Hierarchy of needs - correct answer physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization Jehovahs Witness - correct answer no blood, no abortion Catholic - correct answer no birth control, no abortion
American Indian - correct answer no birth control, no abortion, no organ donation Roys Adaptation Model - correct answer biopsychosocial individual that adapts using coping skills to stressors combining the body and mind Dr. Hans Seyle defined? - correct answer Good and bad stress 4 coping mechanisms - correct answer 1. Denial
- Rationalization
- Regression
- Repression 3 types of death - correct answer 1. Cardiac Death (no HB or resp)
- Higher brain death (brainstem still works for bp, resp, HB)
- Whole brain death (no function legally dead Anointing the sick performed on ill person - correct answer Catholic Facing dead body toward Mecca - correct answer Muslim Do not leave body alone - correct answer Jewish Euthanasia is greek for? - correct answer Good death Active vs Passive euthanasia - correct answer Active (speeds up dying admin morphine) Passive (does nothing to preserve life) A DNI/DNR is written and initialed by who? - correct answer Written by: surgeon
When does the posterior fontanelle close? Anterior? - correct answer 3 months , 19 months When are tears produced? - correct answer 2-3mo Which sinuses are present at birth? - correct answer Ethmoid and maxillary When does salivation begin? - correct answer 3 mo Infants/Toddlers prefer which kind of breathing? - correct answer Abdominal breathing When do testes descend? - correct answer 1 year Why are babies put in incubators? - correct answer Newborns lose heat quickly and incubators reduce the air flow across their skin Appropriate urine output for neonates/infants - correct answer 1-2mL/kg/hr Why are neonates/infants not catheterized? - correct answer To prevent trauma and damage to the small urethra To monitor cardiac function an art line is put where in neonates/infants & children? - correct answer Neonates: umbilical artery Infants/Children: cutdown radial To monitor cardiac function a central venous catheter is placed where in children?/Neonates? - correct answer Children: subclavian / internal jugular Neonates: cutdown external jugular 2 types of shock seen in infants/children? - correct answer Septic (most common) Hypovolemic
Which type of bacteria is the cause of septic shock in infants? - correct answer Gram negative During infant septic shock circulatory blood vol decreases, what is given? If hypotension still occurs what is given? - correct answer Colloids Dopamine Hypovolemic shock in infants can lead to? - correct answer Lactic acidosis What is the most common cause of hypovolemic shock in infants? What is used to cure it? - correct answer Dehydration Hypotonic NaCl infusion Major concern for an infant in the OR is? - correct answer Insensible water loss due to the overhead heater, cover the extremities and humidify inspired gas Can you admin Sulfonamides to newborns? Why? - correct answer NO, increases kernicterus increased bilirubin Can you admin Chloramphenicol to newborns? Why? - correct answer NO, associated with gray syndrome which turns a baby's skin gray due to toxicity Can you admin tetracycline to newborns? Why? - correct answer NO, hypoplasia of enamel in developing teeth Antibiotics cause pseudomembranous enterocolitis, what is typically done? - correct answer Stop antibiotics and admin oral vancomycin Surgery increases caloric intake by what % for infants? How are they fed postoperatively? - correct answer 20-30%, G-tube
T/F Diabetic patients are the first case of the day so they can go back to their dietary requirements ASAP? - correct answer TRUE When are abdominal procedures performed on a pregnant patient? Why? - correct answer 2nd trimester - abdominal organs have not been greatly displaced and the fetus is stable Surgery in the 3rd trimester can lead to what % chance of premature labor? - correct answer 40% What are the 2 most common nonobstetrical emergencies in the pregnant patient? - correct answer 1. Appendicitis
- Acute Cholecystitis What is used on the pregnant patient to prevent hypovolemic shock from occurring?
- correct answer Electric Fetal heart monitor Why are short acting drugs used on the pregnant patient? - correct answer Drugs cross the placenta barrier and the fetal liver slowly metabolizes Why shouldn't bupivacaine or lidocaine be used in the pregnant patient? - correct answer Bupivacaine = bradycardia Lidocaine = depression of CNS What do halogenated agents do in the pregnant PT? - correct answer Prevent contractions What do vasopressors or Neostigmine (reverse muscle relax) do in the pregnant PT?
- correct answer Stimulate preterm labor HIV is a retrovirus affecting what cells? - correct answer T-lymphocytes Kaposi's sarcoma - correct answer HIV internal/external lesions
PT with HIV can acquire cryptosporidiosis/cytomegalovirus in the biliary tree which can cause? How is it treated? - correct answer Acute cholecystitis + cholangitis TX w/ choledochoenteric bypass 4 clinical syndromes of HIV PT that require surgery? - correct answer 1. Kaposi's on GI tract
- Peritonitis
- Mycobacterium of retroperitoneum or spleen
- Non Hodgkins lymphoma on GI T/F Parent should be present when transporting a DS PT? - correct answer TRUE What percentage of substance abuse PT's have coexisting psych issues? - correct answer 30-80% What is Golden Hour? - correct answer Providing tx to a trauma patient within one hour Describe the Trauma Levels of the hospitals - correct answer Level 1: Highest Level 2: Works w level 1 Level 3: community hospital stabilize and send Level 4: advanced life support stabilize and send What are Kinematics? - correct answer Mechanism of injury Blunt trauma from an MVA often injures what organ? - correct answer Spleen Describe trauma scoring - correct answer Revised Trauma Score including the Glasgow Come Scale assists in triage
What volts of outlets are in the OR? - correct answer 110V and 220V The red outlet in the OR means? - correct answer Connected to backup generator How many suction outlets are there? - correct answer 2 (1 for anesthesia, 1 for surgical team) What colors are the following: Oxygen Compressed Air Nitrous Oxide - correct answer Oxygen = green Compressed air = yellow Nitrous Oxide = Blue What kind of airflow is used in the OR? - correct answer Positive Laminar Airflow (unidirectional) How many air exchanges should occur per hour? - correct answer 20- The CDC recommends which type of air filter? - correct answer HEPA For what position is a Wilson Table used? - correct answer Prone What are the 3 most important factors of Ionizing Radiation - correct answer 1. Time
- Shielding
- Distance Which two organizations developed safety standards for electrical hazards? - correct answer AAMI + TJC
Describe a 3 prong plug - correct answer Upper two prongs are electricity, 3rd prong is the grounding If the grounding pad is not placed on the patient what will happen? - correct answer 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree burns What is the most common place for a surgical fire? - correct answer Airway or head Describe the fire triangle and give examples of each - correct answer 1. Ignition - Bovie, Laser
- O
- Fuel - prep, drapes Describe the 3 fire extinguisher classes - correct answer A: Pressurized water - for solids B: Carbon Dioxide/dry - for liquid, gas, oil C: Halon - for electrical and laser CO2 and NDYag lasers affect which parts of the eye? - correct answer CO2: Cornea NdYag: Retina What is OD? What does color have to do with it? - correct answer Optic Density. The ability for eyewear to absorb the wavelengths of the laser protecting your eye. Color indicates the lenses' OD What should be placed around surgical site on drapes when using a LASER? - correct answer Wet towels What does LASER stand for? - correct answer Light Amplification Stimulation Emission of Radiation A flame resistant ETT tube is filled with what instead of air? - correct answer Sterile water
When does post exposure testing occur? - correct answer 6wks, 12wks, 6mos Which two agencies govern disposal of hazardous waste? - correct answer CDC + OSHA What are MSDS? - correct answer material safety data sheets providing information about specific chemicals. surgical department should have available What is connected to the anesthesia machine in order to remove waste anesthetic gases? - correct answer Gas scavenging system What is bone cement implantation syndrome? - correct answer The bone cement hardens in the IM canal increasing the IM hypertension causing microemboli Why does Formalin have a PEL? by who? - correct answer It is toxic by NIOSH and OSHA ETO is a highly toxic sterilant used for which kind of instruments? - correct answer Heat sensitive Gluteraldehyde is a toxic sterilant also known as - correct answer Cidex The nucleus contains what? - correct answer neutrons and protons What creates electrical current? - correct answer Movement of free electrons Electrical Charges can be +/- depending on? - correct answer # of electrons Law of electric charge - correct answer Like: repel Unlike: attract What produces power? - correct answer The interaction between wires and magnets
What is a circuit? - correct answer Energy source --> device --> energy source Simple circuit components - correct answer 1. Power
- Load
- Switch
- Conductor Power is measured in? - correct answer Watts What transforms energy into useful function? - correct answer Load Does a closed or open circuit allow energy to flow? - correct answer Closed Difference between AC and DC - correct answer AC: alternating current back and forth DC: one direction (-) to (+) Which gas will enhance electrosurgical current? - correct answer Argon When should the grounding pad be placed for a patient undergoing general anesthesia? - correct answer After anesthetized T/F The grounding pad should be placed as close to the operative site as possible to reduce the current flowing through the body? - correct answer TRUE what is RF capacitive coupling? where should you place the bovie if using a hemostat to coag? - correct answer AC from active electrode to insulation to skin Under the fingers
NdYag transmits through? What surgical specialty? - correct answer Glycine urology Argon transmit through? What surgical specialty? - correct answer Aqueous/Vitreous humor Eyes What is added to make the invisible CO2 laser a red beam? - correct answer Helium Neon Why is CO2 laser ineffective on clear fluid? - correct answer It can not transmit, bc it is absorbed by clear fluid What is added to NdYAG and HoYAG to make beam visible? - correct answer Helium Neon At what percent should a fiber be discarded? - correct answer 25% loss of power transmission What color beam is the Krypton laser? What specialty is it used for? - correct answer Green, Yellow, Red Eyes for retina The Excimer laser beam is what color? What specialties is it used for - correct answer Ultraviolet Cornea eyes Plaque Cardio The argon beam is what color? What specialties is it used in? What can it treat? - correct answer Blue/Green Retinas for eyes Urology for bladder tumors Treats diabetic retinopathy A HoYAG is used for what procedures? - correct answer Lithotripsy
What does NOTES stand for? - correct answer Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery What is the common Veress needle G and length? - correct answer 14G Standard 120mm Long 150mm The bassoon technique is also known as - correct answer Open Laparoscopy What is the rate of CO2 flow for insufflation? - correct answer 6-10L per min What is the standard intraabdominal pressure during insufflation? - correct answer 12-18mmHg Post op laparoscopic patients may complain of shoulder pain, why? - correct answer Irritation of the phrenic nerve A symbiosis relationship means - correct answer Harmless, harmful, beneficial Define Mutualism - correct answer Both benefit Describe how E.Coli and the intestines have a mutualism relationship - correct answer E.coli obtains nutrients from intestine in return produces vitamin K for clotting Define Synergism (a form of mutualism) - correct answer Organisms work together to achieve a goal Describe how Fusobacteria and spirochetes work together (synergism) - correct answer Work together to cause trench mouth
