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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION RELATED
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CONSTRUCTION RELATED TO FIRE
SERVICE ACTUAL LATEST EXAM
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A window that has two sashes that can move past each other in a vertical plane. - ANSWER- Double Hung Window The process of restoring rundown/deteriorated homes by more affluent people is called - ANSWER- Gentrification The first line of fire defense in a building should be - ANSWER- An automatic fire protection system Type 1 construction is also known as - ANSWER- Fire Resistive Building construction of "Non Combustible" is classified as - ANSWER- Type 2
"Ordinary/Masonry" or "Exterior Protected" building construction is classified as - ANSWER- Type 3 Type 4 construction is also known as - ANSWER- Heavy Timber or Mill Construction "Wood Frame" building construction, which is the most common construction method for dwellings and apartments up to 7 stories, is classified as - ANSWER- Type 5 The primary means of testing a components fire resistance is to - ANSWER- Subject the component to heat in a laboratory test furnace Normally, per the maximum code requirement, components are not tested beyond - ANSWER- 4 hours The primary fire resistance test failures are - ANSWER- Failure to support the load, 250 degree increase on the unexposed side, heat/flame passing through igniting cotton on the opposite side, excessive temperatures on rated steel members The fire resistance test method accepted by all building codes is - ANSWER- ASTM E-119 aka NFPA 251 Certain wall/partition assemblies are subjected to hose streams to duplicate - ANSWER- The impact and thermal shock of water during firefighting The most commonly used structural steel designation is - ANSWER- A7 or A Generally, a Type 1 bearing wall, column, beam (structural members) will have a
Pressure exerted by soil onto a foundation is called - ANSWER- Active soil pressure Pressure exerted by a foundation against soil is called - ANSWER- Passive soil pressure The forces of gravity on a building are considered either - ANSWER- Dead Loads or Live Loads A Live Load applied at one point or to a small area is called - ANSWER- Concentrated Load A Live Load applied/distributed over a large area is called - ANSWER- Distributed Load Openings through the outside walls of a building for drainage are called - ANSWER- Scuppers Loads from kinetic energy such as wind, vibration, falling objects are called - ANSWER- Dynamic Loads Loads that are applied slowly and remain nearly constant are called. - ANSWER- Static Loads A force that tends to pull things apart is called - ANSWER- Tension
The magnitude of interior forces that occurs on structural members is referred to as
- ANSWER- Stress Components of a basic truss are - ANSWER- Top and bottom chords, web members and joints either gusseted, pinned or welded together Light weight steel trusses are also known as - ANSWER- Bar joists A structure with an enclosing surface of thin stretched flexible material (Tent) is a
- ANSWER- Membrane Structure Stairways designated for means of egress must be either - ANSWER- Fully enclosed or open protected exterior stairs Exit stairways must be able to resist - ANSWER- Smoke and fire Stairs that are not designated for means of egress are called - ANSWER- Convenience stairs A structure or part of, no longer performing its function satisfactorily, and does not need to be the result/cause of fire or collapse is - ANSWER- Building Failure Failure to provide a level of fire safety appropriate to the ultimate use/occupancy of the building is known as - ANSWER- Design Deficiency Buildings that are built without a confirmed tenant or occupant is - ANSWER- Spec Building (Speculation)
A window that has a side-hinged sash that is usually installed to swing outward. It may contain one or two operating sashes and can be opened fully for ventilation. - ANSWER- Encasement Window A window that has two or more sashes of which at least one moves horizontally within the window frame. In a three sash design, the middle sash is usually fixed; in two-sash unit one or both sashes may be movable. - ANSWER- Horizontal Slide Window This is the basic concept of the awning window includes a large number of narrow overlapping glass sections swinging outward. The individual pieces of glass are 4" in width. The glass sections are supported at their ends by an operating mechanism. These windows are popular architecturally because their amount of opening can be varied for ventilation without admitting rain. - ANSWER- Jalousie Window A window that has one or more top hinged, outward-swinging sashes. The arrangement permits the window to be open during rain. Hopper windows are similar to this window except that they are hinged at the bottom. - ANSWER- Awning Window A window that swings outward at the top or bottom and slides upward or downward in grooves. This window usually is operated by a push bar that is notched to hold the window in place. - ANSWER- Projection Window A window designed with a sash that pivots horizontally or vertically about a central axis. Part of this window swings outward when it is opened. A window of this design provides the full area of the window opening for ventilation, but the centrally located pivot point restricts access or rescue. - ANSWER- Pivot Window A window that has only the lower sash operable. - ANSWER- Single Hung Window
A Type 1 floor assembly will have a fire resistance rating of - ANSWER- 2 - 3 hours A Type 1 roof deck and supports will have fire resistance ratings of - ANSWER- 1 - 2 hours Building codes will permit a limited amount of combustible materials in - ANSWER- Type 1 and 2 construction The most common features of Type 1 construction are - ANSWER- Reinforced concrete and protected steel
The most common method to provide a smokeproof stair enclosure is - ANSWER- Pressurize the stairwell during a fire Convenience stairs can be used as means of egress only in - ANSWER- Two story buildings A passenger elevator designed to carry freight as well is called a - ANSWER- Service elevator A hoisting/lowering mechanism with a car or platform moving on rails for 2 or more levels is a - ANSWER- Elevator Three types of elevators designated by their hoisting/lowering mechanism are - ANSWER- Hydraulic, Electric Traction and Electric Drum which is now obsolete The practical height limit for hydraulic elevators is - ANSWER- 6 stories Electric Traction elevators have become the most common/popular especially in high rises because of two distinct features - ANSWER- Speed and unlimited height restriction A switch designed to stop the car by removing power before the upper or lower level is - ANSWER- Terminal Device Tapered steel jaws that wedge against guiderails to stop a free falling car are - ANSWER- Car Safeties Fire resistance ratings for elevator hoistways are typically - ANSWER- 1 or 2 hours depending on particular install
Every elevator hoistway built today, requires for smoke removal - ANSWER- Venting at the top The most common method for protecting vertical openings of escalators more than 2 floors is by - ANSWER- Closely spaced sprinklers in conjunction with draft curtains When a duct penetrates a fire rated assembly, code requires - ANSWER- Fire and or smoke dampers NFPA requires duct enclosure shafts of 3 or less stories to be fire rated at - ANSWER- 1 hour NFPA requires duct enclosure shafts of 4 or more stories to be fire rated at - ANSWER- 2 hours The space between suspended ceilings (drop ceiling) and the roof deck or upper floor assembly are referred to as - ANSWER- Interstitial Space (Can be used as a return air plenum) Mechanical equipment producing pressure to stop smoke movement is called - ANSWER- Smoke Control System Typically, the Smoke Control System in a building will be - ANSWER- The HVAC system which is automatically/manually switched from normal to fire mode Code requires all theaters to have installed over stages - ANSWER- Smoke vents
Subdivision of a building and or floors by fire rated walls/partitions is called - ANSWER- Compartmentation Code may permit the elimination of a fire wall where required if equipped with - ANSWER- Automatic Sprinkler System A fire wall must be a continuous, unbroken wall extending from - ANSWER- The foundation up through the roof creating a parapet A fire partition can be accomplished by using 5/8' fire rated gypsum board and differs from a fire wall by - ANSWER- Providing a lower level of protection because it only extends one level/floor Where both visibility and fire resistance is required, glass may be permitted using - ANSWER- Fire rated glazing A non load bearing exterior wall designed for aesthetics, provides little to no fire resistance and permits vertical fire movement is - ANSWER- Curtain Wall Materials used to limit or stop the spread of fire in walls or other are known as - ANSWER- Fire stop (Gypsum, wood blocks, intumescent caulk) The fire resistance rating for a fire door can be less than required for the entire assembly cause - ANSWER- Fire exposure is reduced by the necessary open space for egress/ingress Criteria for fire door acceptability is - ANSWER- No warping or flame passage for first 30 minutes, remain in place under fire and when subjected to hose streams
Because there is no temperature criteria for fire doors, doors may be heated to the point of - ANSWER- Glowing red For the purpose of ventilation while fire doors are closed, code may permit - ANSWER- Louvers that must close under fire conditions by a fusible link Where fixed fire walls are not desired (lobby of health care facility) it may be permitted to use - ANSWER- Horizontal folding fire doors Firefighters should always be aware that although fire doors are rated and approved they can - ANSWER- Fail/become non operational The identifiable layers of different soils is known as - ANSWER- Strata The type of foundation used for a building will be either a shallow or deep foundation determined by - ANSWER- Soil conditions and the structural configuration A foundation where the weight of the soil removed is equal to the weight of the building is known as a - ANSWER- Floating foundation The protective sleeve that keeps water out of the excavation of a pier is called - ANSWER- Caisson Foundation walls may be constructed with wood if it is treated with - ANSWER- Preservatives to resist deterioration/decay
Building code may permit a reduction in occupancy separation (fire wall) if the building/area is - ANSWER- Sprinklered Any effect or force a structure must resist such as structural members, occupants, gravity, earthquake, wind, etc. defines - ANSWER- Load Wind exerts three types of force onto a building - ANSWER- Direct pressure, Negative pressure, Aerodynamic drag Secondary effects of wind on a building are - ANSWER- Rocking, Vibration, Clean off (dislodging objects) The primary wind effect considered in building design is - ANSWER- Direct Pressure Seismic forces on a building are caused by - ANSWER- Earthquakes Major earthquakes occur frequently in parts of the world known as - ANSWER- Fault Zones Other than rocking and vibration the two other forces exerted onto a building by an earthquake are - ANSWER- Torsional and Resonant (Movement of large amplitude caused by a small amplitude) Wood produced by gluing flat strips of wood together is called - ANSWER- Laminated wood or Glulam Waferboard has been replaced for structural use by a stronger, stiffer board called - ANSWER- OSB (Oriented Strand Board)
Light weight wood trusses are made up of - ANSWER- 2" nominal lumber all in the same plane connected by gusset plates The thermal decomposition of wood from temperatures below 392 degrees F is - ANSWER- Pyrolysis The total amount of thermal energy (heat) released, measured in BTU's, from a fuel that was completely consumed is known as - ANSWER- Heat of Combustion The strength of wood treated with a fire retardant is - ANSWER- Reduced The International Building Code allows some fire retardant wood in Type 1 and 2 to be used in - ANSWER- Non load bearing partitions Composite lumber is not intended to be used in - ANSWER- Structural framing of a building Laminated wood or Glulams under fire conditions behave the same as - ANSWER- Solid timbers/lumber The two basic methods of light weight wood construction are - ANSWER- Balloon frame and Platform frame construction Balloon frame construction has not been used since - ANSWER- 1920's Structures in wildland/urban interface, particularly in the west, may be required to be constructed of - ANSWER- Ignition resistant construction
The low carbon content of steel allows to be - ANSWER- Ductile; Capable of being bent, shaped, drawn out) Commonly used steel for structural use is - ANSWER- ASTM-A A suspended ceiling (drop ceiling) of mineral tiles protecting steel joists/beams above is known as a - ANSWER- Membrane Ceiling Ceiling and floor assemblies are fire rated as - ANSWER- Total assemblies, not individually Accidental explosions are often the result of - ANSWER- Natural gas leaks Unless absolutely necessary for rescue, reinforcing steel in concrete during fire operations should never be - ANSWER- Cut A common application of precast concrete is - ANSWER- Parking Garages Expansion of excess moisture in concrete when heated or freezes causes - ANSWER- Spalling The effect of concretes ability to absorb, retain and slowly release heat from a fire is called - ANSWER- Heat Sink Concrete is strong in compression, but used with reinforcing steel because it is weak in - ANSWER- Tension
Roof assembly strength is less than that required for floor assemblies because they are only designed to support - ANSWER- The additional weight of light live loads A pitched roof that slopes in only one direction is called - ANSWER- Shed roof A medium pitch roof generally has a pitch of 4/12 which equates to - ANSWER- A 4" slope/rise every 12" A 45 degree pitched roof will have a pitch of - ANSWER- 12/ A common roof design of two inclines forming a triangle or A is called - ANSWER- Gable roof A roof design of four inclines opposing each other is called - ANSWER- Hip roof A roof design similar to a Gable roof but with breaks in the slope changing degree of the slope for functional interior space is called - ANSWER- Gambrel roof A roof design of two inclines forming a V - ANSWER- Butterfly roof An arched shaped roof constructed of short pieces of wood is called a - ANSWER- Lamella Arch Fireproofing of a roof assembly can be omitted in Type 1 construction if the roof assembly is a height above the floor of - ANSWER- More than 20' The final outside covering on a roof deck creating a water barrier is called - ANSWER- Roof covering
