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True/False According to the NERC Functional Model, there is no difference between the function and the entity. A) True B) False - ANSWER-B) False True/False Analysis type questions are designed to be the least complex from a human cognitive process. A) True B) False - ANSWER-B) False True/False A Transmission Service Provider is an entity that both owns and operates transmission facilities on the Bulk Electric System. A) True B) False - ANSWER-B) False True/False The NERC Functional Model is designed so that the functions of Generator Owner and Generator Operator can be performed by two different entities.
A) True B) False - ANSWER-A) True How many forms of identification are required when taking the NERC System Operator Certification exam? A) 4 B) 9 C) 1 D) 2 - ANSWER- The NERC came into existence as a result of the Electric Power Reliability Act of what year? A) 1958 B) 2005 C) 1967 D) 1997 - ANSWER- How many certification credentials does NERC have examinations for? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 3 - ANSWER- Match the acronym with the appropriate organization. FERC North American Electric Reliability Corp
C) 60HZ/True D) 60.02Hz/False - ANSWER-C) 60Hz How many High-Voltage Direct Current transmission lines are there in operation between the Western and ERCOT Interconnections? A) 2 B) 0 C) 5 D) 3 - ANSWER-B) 0 Match the Interconnection with the approximated size in MWs.
- Eastern 78,000 MW
- ERCOT 610,000 MW
- Western 42,000 MW
- Quebec 265,000 MW - ANSWER-1. Eastern 610,000 MW
- ERCOT 78,000 MW
- Western 265,000 MW
- Quebec 42,000 MW In the early days of the electric power system, why weren't high voltage transmission lines needed to serve the customer demand? - ANSWER-Because the generation was built close to the customer load Of the NERC Regional Entities, how many Regional Entities are in the Eastern Interconnection? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4
D) 6 - ANSWER-C) 4
The entity that is responsible for ensuring, in real time, that their area demand and supply are finely balanced is known as a? - ANSWER-BA (Balancing Authority) CPS1 Measures Control Performance by? A) Comparing how well a Transmission Operator's ACE performs in conjunction with the Frequency Error of the Interconnection B) Comparing how well a Balancing Area's ACE performs in conjunction with the Frequency Error of the Interconnection C) Comparing how well a Balancing Authority's' ACE performs in conjunction with the Frequency Error of the Interconnection D) Comparing how well ACE performs in conjunction with the Frequency Error of the Interconnection - ANSWER-B) Comparing how well a Balancing Area's ACE performs in conjunction with the Frequency Error of the Interconnection In the ACE equation β represents which of the following? A) Frequency Bias B) Frequency C) MW D) Scheduled Interval - ANSWER-A) β is the Frequency Bias Setting (MW/0.1 Hz) for the Balancing Authority. The constant factor 10 converts the frequency setting to MW/Hz
C) Weekly D) Monthly - ANSWER-B) Annually A BA or RSG has how long to replace its Contingency Reserves? A) 60 mins B) 30 mins C) 90 mins D) 15 mins - ANSWER-C) 90 mins The reporting threshold for a DCS event is ______ % of the MSSC. A) 50% B) 80% C) 75% D) 20% - ANSWER-B) 80% If you have a DCS event and 40 seconds later you have another event and the total amount exceeds your MSSC, how is the compliance calculation handled? A) They are treated as a single event and reported but not subject to the compliance calculation
B) They are treated as different events and reported but not subject to the compliance calculation C) They are treated as a single event but not reported and not subject to the compliance calculation D) They are treated as different events and not reported but subject to the compliance calculation - ANSWER-A) They are treated as a single event and reported but not subject to the compliance calculation If the MSSC for a BA is 800 MW, what is the DCS reporting threshold? A) 240 MW B) 640 MW C) 840 MW D) 300 MW - ANSWER-B) 640 MW (80 %) A BA that is part of a multiple BA Interconnection that is not receiving overlap regulation and uses a fixed Frequency Bias Setting must have its calculated setting validated by the - ANSWER-ERO (Electric Reliability Organization) The Frequency Bias Setting for a Balancing Area must be expressed in? A) MW/0.1 Hz B) MW/0.5 Hz C) MW/0.01 Hz
The MSSC for your BA is 650 MW. Your reporting threshold is > 520 MW. (650 x 80%). What is the percent of recovery for the following situation? Loss of a 575 MW unit Pre-disturbance Ace = 150 MW Post-recovery Ace = 10 MW - ANSWER-+150 + (-575) = - -425 + (x) = 10, x= 435 435/425= 100% The MSSC for your BA is 650 MW. Your reporting threshold is >/equal to 520 MW. (650 x 80%) What is the percent of recovery for the following situation? Loss of a 600 MW unit Pre-disturbance Ace = 150 MW Post-recovery Ace = -50MW - ANSWER-+150 + (-600) = - -450 + (x) = -50, x= 400 400/450= 89% Units with nameplate ratings of 10 MW or greater should be equipped with governors which have a droop of ______% - ANSWER-5%, All of the reasons listed below can be a cause of inadvertent accumulation except - ANSWER-Market response Each Balancing Area shall operate its AGC on ______, unless such operation is adverse to system or Interconnection reliability. - ANSWER-Tie-Line Frequency Bias
If a BA is unable to calculate ACE for more than _________ it shall notify its RC - ANSWER-30 minutes As a minimum, the BA must provide its System Operators with real-time values for all of the following except ______ with each adjacent BA. - ANSWER-MVAR flows Your BA has a Net Scheduled Interchange of 500 MW and your Actual Interchange is 750MW. The frequency bias setting for your BA is -45 MW/0.10 Hz. The actual frequency is 60.02 HZ. What is your ACE? what is the formula? - ANSWER-259 MW ACE= N(IA) - N(IS) - [10(B)[(F(a) - F(s)) - Ime The data scan rate for the ACE calculation has to occur at least every? A) 30 seconds B) 1 hour C) 6 seconds D) 30 mins - ANSWER-6 seconds When a BA is participating in a inadvertent payback with another BA who has inadvertent in the opposite direction, they are doing what type of Inadvertent payback? A) Unilateral B) Bilateral C) Adjacent
TOPs (Transmission Operators Each Balancing Authority and Transmission Operators shall provide Operating Plans for next-day operations with its - ANSWER-RC (Reliability Coordinator) Transmission Operators shall notify entities identified in their next-day operating of the following: - ANSWER-Their role in the plan Each BA shall have an Operating Plan for the next day that addresses all of the following EXCEPT - ANSWER-Transmission Outages Each Generator Operator shall provide outage information daily to its _____________ for scheduled generator outages planned for the next day.
- Balancing Authority
- Reliability Authority
- Transmission Operator
- Market Participant - ANSWER-1& Each Transmission Operator shall operate so that __________, uncontrolled separation, or cascading outages will not occur as a result of the most severe single contingency. - ANSWER-Instability Each Transmission Operator, Balancing Authority, and Generator Operator shall plan and coordinate scheduled outages of all of the following system voltage regulating equipment, among affected Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators as required except? - ANSWER-Phase Angle Regulating Transformers Each Transmission Operator shall, when practical, operate to protect against instability, uncontrolled separation, or cascading outages resulting from multiple outages, as specified by its - ANSWER-RC (Reliability Coordinator) Each Reliability Coordinator, Transmission Operator, and Balancing Authority shall monitor what? - ANSWER-System Frequency
What two pieces of information must each Reliability Coordinator, Transmission Operator, and Balancing Authority have available to predict the system's near-term load pattern? - ANSWER-Weather forecasts and past load patterns You are in your control center on night shift. You receive an updated weather forecast for the operating day that indicates the weather is forecast to be 5 degrees hotter. What should you do? - ANSWER- Review the load forecast to determine if any change in the load forecast is required and if the system is appropriately scheduled Each Reliability Coordinator, Transmission Operator, and Balancing Authority shall monitor all of the following except? - ANSWER-Generator output (only Generator Operator can monitor Generator Output) Each Generator Operator shall inform its ___________________ and the Transmission Operator of all generation resources available for use. - ANSWER-Hosting Balancing Authority Who must a Transmission Operator notify if it disconnects an overloaded facility? - ANSWER-It's RC and Neighboring TOP's impacted by the disconnection. If the Reliability Coordinator has determined the actions taken to address an IROL (Interconnection operating limit) or SOL (System operating limit) violation are not appropriate or sufficient, what must it do? - ANSWER-Direct actions required to return the system to within limits. After any event that results in an IROL violation, the Transmission Operator shall return its transmission system to within IROL as soon as possible, but not longer than _____ minutes. A) 15 mins B) 30 mins C) 45 mins
The Reliability Coordinator shall have _______ to act and to direct actions to be taken by Transmission Operators, Balancing Authorities, Generator Operators, Transmission Service Providers, Load-Serving Entities, and Purchasing-Selling Entities within its Reliability Coordinator Area to preserve the integrity and reliability of the Bulk Electric System. - ANSWER-Clear decision making and authority. Each Reliability Coordinator shall know the current status of all critical facilities whose failure, degradation or disconnection could result in an - ANSWER-SOL (System operating limit) & IROL (Interconnection reliability operating limit) violation Each Reliability Coordinator shall have ______________ communications capabilities with its Transmission Operators and Balancing Authorities, and with neighboring Reliability Coordinators. - ANSWER-Interpersonal If a Reliability Coordinator notices an operational concern in another Reliability Coordinators region it should do which of the following? - ANSWER-Notify the other Reliability Coordinator If the results of these studies indicate potential SOL or IROL violations, the Reliability Coordinator shall issue the appropriate alerts via the - ANSWER-RCIS (Reliability Coordinator Information System) **RC's use this to share operating information in real time. In instances where there is a difference in derived limits, the Reliability Coordinator and its Transmission Operators, Balancing Authorities, Generator Operators, Transmission Service Providers, Load-Serving Entities, and Purchasing-Selling Entities shall always operate the Bulk Electric System to the - ANSWER- Most limiting parameter Regardless of the process it uses, the Reliability Coordinator must direct its Balancing Authorities and Transmission Operators to return the transmission system to within its Interconnection Reliability Operating Limits as soon as possible, but no longer than - ANSWER-30 mins
Each Reliability Coordinator shall, in conjunction with its Transmission Operators and Balancing Authorities shall do which of the following to return transmission loading to within acceptable SOLs or IROLs? - ANSWER-operate at limiting parameter Each Reliability Coordinator shall monitor _________ and its Balancing Authorities' performance and direct any necessary rebalancing to return to CPS and DCS compliance. - ANSWER-System frequency Which of the following is the NERC Criteria for having to report a BES emergency that resulted in manual load shedding? - ANSWER-100 MW Which of the following is the NERC Criteria for having to report a BES emergency that resulted in a voltage deviation on a facility? A) 15% excursion for no longer than 15 minutes B) 10% excursion for longer than 15 minutes C) 10% excursion for no longer than 15 minutes D) 15% excursion for longer than 15 minutes - ANSWER-B) 10% excursion for longer than 15 minutes How soon does a Transmission Operator have to update its restoration plan after identifying any unplanned permanent System modification? A) 30 days B) 45 days C) 90 days D) 15 days - ANSWER-C) 90 days
C) Five hours D) One hours - ANSWER-B) Two hours During an EEA 1, which of the following best describes what the deficient entity is attempting to do? - ANSWER-Increase its generation supply. Why should a Balancing Authority not unilaterally adjust generation in an attempt to return Interconnection frequency to normal beyond that supplied through frequency bias action and Interchange Schedule changes? - ANSWER-Such unilateral adjustment may overload transmission facilities. Each Transmission Operator and Balancing Authority shall develop, maintain, and implement a set of plans to mitigate operating emergencies for which of the following? A) For insufficient generating capacity B) For transmission emergencies C) For load shedding D) For all of the above - ANSWER-D) For all of the above Who can declare an Energy Emergency Alert? - ANSWER-The deficient Balancing Authority's Reliability Coordinator At a minimum Balancing Authorities shall have operating agreements with _____________ that shall, contain provisions for emergency assistance, including provisions to obtain emergency assistance from - ANSWER-Adjacent Balancing Authorities & Remote Balancing Authorities If an interchange transaction started the hour at 100 MW and at 30 minutes past the hour it is reduced to 50 MW, what is the hourly integration for the hour? - ANSWER-75 MWhr
Select ALL of the following that are part of the interchange process: - ANSWER-Interchange Coordinator, Purchasing Selling Entity, Transmission Service Provider, Balancing Authority The ________ is responsible for the confirmation and implementation of schedules. - ANSWER- Balancing Authority A Balancing Authority that is a part of a pseudo-tie in which the generator is physically located is known at which of the following? - ANSWER-Native BA (Balancing Authority) If an interchange schedule utilizes a DC tie-line as part of the scheduling path, it is necessary to coordinate the schedule with which of the following? - ANSWER-Transmission Operator When using a Dynamic Schedule and the energy profile in an hour is > 250 MW and the actual hourly integration deviates from the hourly energy profile by ______the tag must be modified. - ANSWER-10% What would be the Net Schedule for a Balancing Authority that has the following schedules? Schedule #1 - -100 MW Schedule #2 - -50 MW Schedule #3 - -100 MW Schedule #4 - +100 MW Schedule #5 - -100 MW - ANSWER-250 MW Import Of the following types of outages, which should be coordinated between affected areas? - ANSWER-All outages For the system fault seen here, if breaker 2 in substation A fails to open which additional breakers in substation A would you expect to operate due to the failure? - ANSWER-1&
