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NERC PREP TEST 101 Question and Answers, Exams of Nursing

A.T. Still University of Health Sciences (ATSU)Nursing

38 questions and answers related to the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and its standards. The questions cover topics such as transmission line loading, voltage regulation, reactive power, load shedding, and relay operation. likely intended as a study aid for individuals preparing for NERC certification exams or working in the electric power industry.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 10/06/2023

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NERC PREP TEST 101 Question and
Answers
1. If a 500 kV transmission line with a surge impedance loading of 800 MW is
currently loaded at 1400 MW, which of the following events would most likely occur?
a. Generator MVAR output would increase
b. All system capacitors would trip off-line
c. Generator MVAR output would decrease
d. All automatic reactors would connect to the system -
a. Generator MVAR output would increase
2. When system conditions are such that emergency procedures are expected to be
implemented, which of the following actions should be considered first?
a. Shed firm load
b. Implement Active Load Management
c. Return outaged equipment to service
d. Request a voltage reduction -
c. Return outaged equipment to service
3. If your transmission path is rated for 1200 MW and 1000 MW are scheduled on it,
but due to parallel flows the actual flow is 1300 MW, what action should you take?
a. Request that a phase shifting transformer be installed
b. Reduce interchange transactions impacting the path
c. Request all parallel flow to PSEs to increase schedules
d. Reduce all commercial customer load -
b. Reduce interchange transactions impacting the path
4. If your system is MVAR deficient, what action could be implemented to prevent
voltage collapse?
a. Raise system frequency above 60.5 Hz
b. Shed firm load in the deficient area
c. Separate from the Interconnection
d. Lower transmission voltages -
b. Shed firm load in the deficient area
5. Which of the following actions can a system operator take in order to maintain
stability on the system?
a. Request generators to absorb maximum MVAR
b. Place all operating limits on dynamic calculation
c. Raise system voltages as high as possible, but within their operating parameters
d. Reduce voltages on the transmission system -
c. Raise system voltages as high as possible, but within their operating parameters
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NERC PREP TEST 101 Question and

Answers

  1. If a 500 kV transmission line with a surge impedance loading of 800 MW is currently loaded at 1400 MW, which of the following events would most likely occur? a. Generator MVAR output would increase b. All system capacitors would trip off-line c. Generator MVAR output would decrease d. All automatic reactors would connect to the system - a. Generator MVAR output would increase
  2. When system conditions are such that emergency procedures are expected to be implemented, which of the following actions should be considered first? a. Shed firm load b. Implement Active Load Management c. Return outaged equipment to service d. Request a voltage reduction - c. Return outaged equipment to service
  3. If your transmission path is rated for 1200 MW and 1000 MW are scheduled on it, but due to parallel flows the actual flow is 1300 MW, what action should you take? a. Request that a phase shifting transformer be installed b. Reduce interchange transactions impacting the path c. Request all parallel flow to PSEs to increase schedules d. Reduce all commercial customer load - b. Reduce interchange transactions impacting the path
  4. If your system is MVAR deficient, what action could be implemented to prevent voltage collapse? a. Raise system frequency above 60.5 Hz b. Shed firm load in the deficient area c. Separate from the Interconnection d. Lower transmission voltages - b. Shed firm load in the deficient area
  5. Which of the following actions can a system operator take in order to maintain stability on the system? a. Request generators to absorb maximum MVAR b. Place all operating limits on dynamic calculation c. Raise system voltages as high as possible, but within their operating parameters d. Reduce voltages on the transmission system - c. Raise system voltages as high as possible, but within their operating parameters
  1. Which of the following actions should you take if an outage on a neighboring system has caused a violation on your system? a. Open all tie-lines to your neighbor b. Ask the Reliability Coordinator for assistance c. Shed load to mitigate the violation d. Wait for the neighboring system to contact you - b. Ask the Reliability Coordinator for assistance
  2. If a SOL or IROL violation occurs due to transfers across the system and it is determined that parallel flows are contributing to the violation, what should the system operator do? a. Place all system capacitors in service b. Reduce system load c. Inform the Reliability Coordinator d. Dump firm load - c. Inform the Reliability Coordinator
  3. While performing a pre-outage study, you identify that the transmission outage will cause a thermal violation on a parallel path, which of the following actions would be the first one you would implement? a. Shed load to mitigate the concern b. Allow the outage to occur and see what happens c. Reschedule the outage if possible d. Allow the outage to take place as long as no load is lost - c. Reschedule the outage if possible
  4. Which of the following actions should the system operator implement first if transmission line limits exceed the facilities emergency limits based on a contingency that has not yet occurred, but their protocols are to respond on a pre- contingency basis? a. Reduce voltages in the area of the violation b. Remove the facility from service c. Curtail any interchange transactions that are curtailable d. Only implement actions if the contingency occurs - c. Curtail any interchange transactions that are curtailable
  5. If a Reliability Coordinator had to implement any type of line loading relief procedures, which of the following entities would they be coordinated with? Pick two. a. Purchasing Selling Entities b. Balancing Authorities c. Transmission Operators d. Load Serving Entities - b. Balancing Authorities c. Transmission Operators

a. 50 MW b. 125 MW c. 250 MW d. 500 MW - b. 125 MW

  1. If a transmission path is congested and it is determined that all curtailable transactions have a 15% affect on the path, how many MW of transactions must be curtailed if 30 MW of relief is needed? a. 15 MW b. 30 MW c. 100 MW d. 200 MW - d. 200 MW
  2. If a transmission line is violating its emergency thermal limit due to the tripping of a parallel line which of the following is NOT an appropriate action to implement? a. Shift generation b. Implement ALM c. Shed load d. Adjust the thermal ratings - d. Adjust the thermal ratings
  3. According to NERC standards, disturbances that are not identified until sometime after the occur must be reported to NERC a. Immediately b. Within 12 hours c. Within 24 hours d. Within 30 days - c. Within 24 hours
  4. According to NERC Standards, Transmission Operators and Balancing Authorities must provide their operating personnel with a minimum of how much training annually? a. 2 days b. 5 days c. 10 days d. 14 days - b. 5 days
  5. If a major transmission facility were to relay out of service, who is the system operator to inform? a. Only local management b. All entities in the Interconnection

c. Any impacted system d. NERC - c. Any impacted system

  1. How is the reactive output of the generator increased? a. By raising the power factor b. By adjusting the governor control manually c. By adjusting the generator excitation d. By changing the speed of the turbine - c. By adjusting the generator excitation
  2. Which of the following would NOT be considered voltage regulation equipment? a. Reactors b. Capacitors c. Generator governors d. Generator AVRs - c. Generator governors
  3. An open-ended transmission line exhibits the properties of which of the following devices? a. Generator b. Reactor c. Capacitor d. Insulator - c. Capacitor
  4. Which of the following is NOT considered a MVAR resource? a. Shunt reactors b. Synchronous condenser c. Generator d. Capacitors - a. Shunt reactors
  5. You report for work on a peak summer day with expected high temperatures and load. What can you do to maintain an adequate system profile? a. Switch reactors in service to remove the peak b. Request all generators to reserve MVAR for the peak c. Switch all capacitors in service without regard to voltage levels d. Get under the voltage by placing capacitors in service while maintaining operating limits - d. Get under the voltage by placing capacitors in service while maintaining operating limits
  6. What will be the reactive power output of a 200 MVAR shunt capacitor energized at 90% of its nominal voltage?
  1. If the applied voltage of a capacitor experiences a 10% reduction from the rated voltage, what will be the impact on the capacitor output? a. It will be increased by 10% b. It will remain unchanged c. It will be reduced by 10% d. It will be reduced by more than 10% - d. It will be reduced by more than 10%
  2. According to NERC Standards, each Transmission Operator is expected to coordinate protection systems on major transmission lines and interconnections with all of the following neighboring entities EXCEPT? a. Generator Operators b. Transmission Operators c. Balancing Authorities d. Transmission Service Providers - d. Transmission Service Providers
  3. Which type of relay operates on the premise of comparing the flow in and out of the area of protection? a. Out-of-phase relays b. Directional relay c. Differential relay d. Overspeed trip relay - c. Differential relay
  4. Which of the following would be a means for the system operator to verify that a transmission system relay has operated after receiving an alarm? a. Have the alarm re-calibrated b. Request the relay group to provide a detailed print of the scheme c. Have someone check the relay targets d. Check the station instruction manual - c. Have someone check the relay targets
  5. Which of the following is NOT a parameter that is used for automatic load shedding schemes? a. Frequency b. Rate of frequency decay c. Rate of voltage decay d. Rate of generation ramping - d. Rate of generation ramping
  6. You receive indication through your SCADA system that a substation's main bus circuit breakers have operated open, what would you expect to see as the primary relay target at the station?

a. Synch-check relay b. Zone 3 distance relay c. Bus differential relay d. Out-of -step relay - c. Bus differential relay

  1. If your system experienced a relay equipment misoperation, why is it important to report this information to appropriate personnel? a. To complete the NERC Relay Survey appropriately b. To ensure that testing and repairs are initiated c. To initiate re-calibration of all differential relays d. To initiate high speed re-closing - b. To ensure that testing and repairs are initiated
  2. What type of relay looks at roughly 90% of a transmission line? a. Zone 1 b. Zone 2 c. Zone 3 d. Differential - a. Zone 1
  3. If a major transmission facility were to relay out of service, who is the system operator supposed to inform? a. Only local management b. All entities in the Interconnection c. Any impacted system d. NERC - c. Any impacted system
  4. You have an alarm from a substation and you send a serviceman to the substation. He reports the Circuit Switcher on the high side of the bank is open and all CB's in substation are open. Of the relays listed below, which is the most likely? a. 50G over current b. 21-1 impedance zone 1 c. 87T differential d. 27 under voltage - c. 87T differential
  5. Underfrequency load shedding is set-up so that which of the following does NOT occur? a. Over voltage conditions b. Interruption of interchange c. Uncontrolled separation d. Voltage criteria violated -
  1. If a generator raises its VAR output, how should the system operator expect the system voltage to respond? a. Remain the same b. Increase c. Decrease d. Decrease exponentially - b. Increase
  2. Which of the following would a lightly loaded transmission line exhibit the characteristics of? a. A reactor b. A generator in the lead c. A shunt capacitor d. A blackstart CT - c. A shunt capacitor
  3. Which of the following would be an appropriate action for a system operator to implement in trying to maintain a safe and reliable system? a. Maintain system voltage as high as possible, but within limits b. Reduce spinning reserves to zero c. Reduce system voltages below 93% of nominal d. Request all generator AVRs be placed in manual - a. Maintain system voltage as high as possible, but within limits
  4. To maintain system voltage levels within acceptable limits, capacitors and which of the following should be used? a. Potential transformers b. Interchange schedules c. Current transformers d. Rotating VAR sources - d. Rotating VAR sources
  5. Which of the following actions would NOT help increase system voltages? a. Increase generator MVAR output b. Remove a reactor from service c. Reduce imports across the system d. Increase MW reserves - d. Increase MW reserves
  6. If an EHV transmission line is lightly loaded and system voltages are high, what should be done with the line? a. Completely unloaded b. Removed from service immediately c. Removed from service after loading to it SIL

d. Removed from service only after determining that reliability will not be affected - d. Removed from service only after determining that reliability will not be affected

  1. Which of the following are considered to be reactive resources? Pick two. a. Shunt reactors b. Generators c. Synchronous condensers d. Transformers - b. Generators c. Synchronous condensers
  2. A transmission constraint is a limitation on one or more transmission elements that may be reached during a. Normal conditions only b. Emergency conditions only c. Normal or contingency system operations d. Restoration operations - c. Normal or contingency system operations
  3. Which of the following is responsible to resolve any outage scheduling of potential reliability conflicts? a. Balancing Authority b. Reliability Coordinator c. Transmission Operator d. NERC - b. Reliability Coordinator
  4. Which of the following is responsible to arrange for either self-providing or purchasing reactive resources to satisfy its reactive requirements identified by its Transmission Service Provider? a. Transmission Operator b. Purchasing-Selling Entity c. Generator Operator d. Balancing Authority - b. Purchasing-Selling Entity
  5. Which of the following functions shall have the ability to operate or direct the operation of devices necessary to regulate transmission voltage and reactive flow? a. Balancing Authority b. Reliability Coordinator c. Generator Operator d. Transmission Operator - d. Transmission Operator

a. 85 MVA b. 90 MVA c. 95 MVA d. 175 MVA - a. 85 MVA

  1. Which of the following is ultimately the cause of system voltage collapse? a. Reactive resource deficiency b. Low spinning reserves c. Too many capacitors on line d. Not enough reactors on the system - a. Reactive resource deficiency
  2. If system conditions are such that all reactive resources have been exhausted, what action should the operator consider to prevent voltage collapse? a. Increase MW reserves b. Increase transfer across your system to the load c. Reduction of load in the appropriate area d. Place reactors in service - c. Reduction of load in the appropriate area
  3. Which mode of operation is most desirable for operating the Balancing Area AGC system? a. Flat or constant frequency b. Manual c. Tie-line frequency bias d. Flat or constant tie-line - c. Tie-line frequency bias
  4. If the system operator determines that it is necessary to implement a firm load reduction to prevent a system voltage collapse, what is the best place to reduce load? a. Across the entire system b. In the load area that is generation deficient c. At the same location as under frequency protected load d. Wherever non-critical customers are located - b. In the load area that is generation deficient
  5. If the system operator observes a decline in system frequency, in addition to an increase in their system exports, which of the following is the most likely event? a. The Balancing Area experienced a loss of load b. A generator tripped internal to the Balancing Area c. A generator tripped external to the Balancing Area d. There was a loss of load external to the Balancing Area -

c. A generator tripped external to the Balancing Area

  1. What is a major reason for identifying the transfer capabilities of the transmission system? a. To identify all bottled generators b. To mitigate transmission constraints in real-time c. To proactively avoid system problems d. To maximize the income of the transmission owners - c. To proactively avoid system problems
  2. According to the FERC Standards of conduct, a Transmission Operator can share transmission related information with all of the following EXCEPT? a. Other Transmission Operators b. Reliability Coordinators c. System Planners d. Affiliated Marketing Groups - d. Affiliated Marketing Groups
  3. Each Transmission Operator and Balancing Authority shall have emergency plans that will enable it to? a. Cover all possible contingencies without violating any limits b. Mitigate operating emergencies c. Restore the system to normal within 10 minutes d. Prevent any emergency condition from occurring - b. Mitigate operating emergencies
  4. If studies were being performed to evaluate next-day system conditions, which of the following information would be the LEAST useful? a. Projected Transmission outages b. Generation schedule c. Load forecast d. Current day weather forecast - d. Current day weather forecast
  5. According to NERC Standards Transmission Operators, Balancing Authorities, Generator Operators, Transmission Service Providers, Load-Serving Entities, and Purchasing-Selling Entities are required to comply with Reliability Coordinator directives unless such actions would? a. Be contrary the companies operating philosophy b. Cause additional financial obligations c. Violate safety, equipment, or regulatory requirements d. Require additional workload on the companies personnel - c. Violate safety, equipment, or regulatory requirements

a. Wind b. Temperature c. Day of week d. Last year's peak load - d. Last year's peak load

  1. Your system planning group has determined that the Total Transfer Capability is 575 MW, but the posted Available Transfer Capability is 525 MW. If current transmission reservations total 475 MW, how much capacity is left available for reserving? a. 50 MW b. 100 MW c. 475 MW d. 575 MW - a. 50 MW
  2. Which of the following would be controllable if your system were considered to be voltage-stable? a. Surge impedance loadings b. Thermal limits c. Voltage levels d. Transformer stationary taps - c. Voltage levels
  3. Which of the following may be given the details of an interchange transaction? a. All PSEs registered with NERC b. All PSEs within the Transmission Operators purview c. Any PSE that requests the information in writing d. Only PSEs that are party to the transaction - d. Only PSEs that are party to the transaction
  4. Following a transmission system disturbance, which of the following pieces of information would be the most helpful in performing a post-disturbance analysis? a. Phase shift transformer tap settings b. Distance fault recorder data c. Area control error d. Synch-check relay locations - b. Distance fault recorder data
  5. Which of the following types of communications would be considered critical for operation of the systems? Pick two. a. SCADA b. Voice c. Demand meters

d. Fax machines - a. SCADA b. Voice

  1. Who is responsible to make sure that the operation of voltage control equipment is coordinated with other impacted entities? a. Transmission Operator b. Transmission Service Provider c. Reliability Coordinator d. Transmission Switchmen - a. Transmission Operator
  2. If a transmission line is loaded below its surge impedance loading, it displays the characteristics of a? a. A capacitor b. A reactor c. A transformer d. A generator - a. A capacitor
  3. If the voltage on the southern part of your system is 138 kV, which of the following voltages would be indicative of the impacts of removing a capacitor from service? a. 138 kV b. 140 kV c. 142 kV d. 135 kV - d. 135 kV
  4. A 230 kV capacitor has a rated output of 100 MVAR for a nominal voltage of 230 kV, what would the expected output of the capacitor be if the actual voltage were 207 kV. a. 100 MVAR b. 90 MVAR c. 81 MVAR d. 50 MVAR - c. 81 MVAR
  5. What should a system operator expect to see if the generator decreases its excitation? a. An increase in MVAR output b. A decrease in MVAR output c. An increase in voltage d. An increase in MW output - b. A decrease in MVAR output

d. 450 MW - d. 450 MW

  1. If the estimated charging incurred from switching a 500 kV line in service is 1. MVAR per mile, what would be incurred if a 100 mile long 500 kV line were switched into service? a. 65 MVAR b. 170 MVAR c. 850 MVAR d. It cannot be calculated with the information provided - b. 170 MVAR
  2. If a transmission tie-line between Balancing Area A and Balancing Area B becomes heavily loaded due to a loss of generation within Balancing Area A, which of the following actions would help to get the transmission facility back within limits? a. Reduce load in Balancing Area B b. Reduce load in Balancing Area A c. Raise generation in Balancing Area B d. Raise generation equally in Balancing Areas A and B - b. Reduce load in Balancing Area A
  3. What action should a system operator take after discovering that due to the combination of forced and planned outages, thermal overloads are experienced in the northern part of the system? a. Request emergency assistance from the Reliability Coordinator b. Shed load in the northern area c. Increase generation output in the northern area d. Cancel all scheduled outages on the system - c. Increase generation output in the northern area
  4. What is the purpose of coordinating planned transmission outages? a. To mitigate real-time contingency analysis failures b. To create tasks for the Reliability Coordinator c. To ensure transmission system security d. To reduce outage times - c. To ensure transmission system security
  5. According to NERC Standards, a Transmission Operator is required to have which of the following to address the loss of communication facilities? a. Written operating instructions b. Satellite phone c. Cell phones d. Radio systems - a. Written operating instructions
  1. How does MVAR flow typically occur on the system? a. Downhill based on power angle b. Uphill based on power angle c. Downhill based on voltage d. Uphill based on voltage - c. Downhill based on voltage
  2. If a transmission line is loaded below its surge impedance loading (SIL) level, it will do which of the following? a. Increase inductance b. Absorbs MVAR c. Supply MVAR d. Reduce voltage - c. Supply MVAR
  3. Two parallel transmission lines are both rated for 450 MVA and are currently loaded at 320 MVA each. If one of the lines trip, it will cause the other line to be loaded above its rating by more than 150 MVA. What should you do if you receive notification that due to a system emergency one of the lines must come out of service? a. Delay the outage until generation can be started b. Re-dispatch available generation and remove the line from service c. Take the line out and dump 150 MVA of load d. Wait until the line trips out of service - b. Re-dispatch available generation and remove the line from service
  4. Your system is operating on a hot summer day with near record loads when you receive a report of impending thunderstorms and heavy rain. What is the expected impact on the system load? a. System MVAR load would drop b. System load should not change c. System load should increase d. System load should decrease - d. System load should decrease
  5. If a transmission line is carrying 200 MW and a transaction is started for 150 MW in the same direction that has a distribution factor of .5 on the line, what will the flow be on the line after the transaction is ramped? a. 200 MW b. 250 MW c. 275 MW d. 350 MW - c. 275 MW
  6. What is the advantage of coordinating transmission outages?