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What does Kerberos prove? - Identity to various services.
What is a denial-of-service (DoS) attack? - Flooding a target system with spam requests or exploiting vulnerabilities to render it unresponsive.
What is a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack? - Overwhelming a target system by having many infected computers send traffic.
What is a Smurf attack? - Flooding a subnet with ping replies by sending ICMP traffic.
What is an FTP bounce attack? - Exploiting the PORT command to gain unauthorized access to an FTP server.
What are zombies in the context of DDoS attacks? - Infected computers used to send traffic to a target system.
What is the byte allocation for Class A networks? - 8 bits for network, 24 bits for host
What is the byte allocation for Class B networks? - 16 bits for network, 16 bits for host
What is the byte allocation for Class C networks? - 23 bits for network, 8 bits for host
Do Host.Host.Host.Host addresses exist? - No, they do not exist What is Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)? - Validates user's public key via chain of trust.
What is Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (MS- CHAP)? - Authentication protocol used in PPTP-based VPNs.
What is Kerberos? - Authentication system that issues tickets to authorized users.
What is 802.11X? - Authentication system that uses RADIUS or TACACS+ servers.
What does PKI enable? - Exchange encrypted messages and create/validate digital signatures.
What does the data link layer do? - It uses MAC addresses to route traffic
In which network topology is the right to send messages passed around between devices - Token ring
Which term is used for combining NICs for hardware redundancy? - NIC teaming or NIC bonding
What are F-type connectors used for? - F-type connectors are used for coaxial cables.
What are RJ-11 and RJ-45 used for? - RJ-11 and RJ-45 are used for twisted pair cabling.
What is SC used for? - SC is used for fiber optic cables.
What is an initialization vector (IV)? - A unique value used in encryption algorithms for each session.
What is the purpose of an IV in encryption? - To ensure that identical plaintexts do not produce identical ciphertexts.
What are Hashed Message Authentication Codes (HMACs) and message integrity codes (MICs)? - Values used to detect tampering of encrypted messages.
What is the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)? - The encryption algorithm used by WPA.
What does 'Five nines' availability mean? - 99.999% uptime with at most 5 minutes of downtime per year.
What is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)? - Security protocol developed by Wi-Fi Alliance to replace WEP.
What encryption does WPA use? - Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) with a 48-bit IV.
What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS? - TLS encryption and server authentication.
What is the purpose of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)? - Signaling in VOIP.
What is the purpose of File Transfer Protocol (FTP)? - Insecure file transfers.
What is the purpose of Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)? - Centralized management of network devices.
What is a canonical name (CNAME) record? - Alias record mapping new hostnames to existing ones.
What do MX records identify? - Mail server for a domain.
What is Platform as a Service (PaaS)? - Accessing a managed environment for deploying code.
Give an example of Software as a Service (SaaS). - G-Suite or Microsoft 365.
What is SSID broadcast? - Publicizing the name of the wireless network.
What does disabling SSID broadcast do? - Prevents publicizing the network name.
What is the purpose of disabling SSID broadcast? - Protection against war driving.
Can Disabled SSIDs still be sniffed from authenticated user traffic? - Yes.
What are multipath problems? - Interference causing data corruption in wireless signals.
What can cause multipath problems? - Reflections off metal filing cabinets.
Can cordless phone interference cause multipath problems? - No.
Can configuration issues cause multipath problems? - No.
What is the purpose of a wireless LAN controller (WLC)? - To mitigate issues with attackers configuring fake access points.
What are valid FTP commands? - Open, Delete, and Rename.
What is an invalid FTP command? - Copy.
What is the purpose of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast addresses? - To send packets to multiple interfaces with a single address.
What is the multicast range in IPv6? - FF00::/8.
What are unicast addresses used for? - Sending packets to a particular interface.
Do unicast addresses exist in both IPv4 and IPv6? - Yes.
What is the range for global unicast addresses in IPv6? - 2000::/3.
What is the range for unique local unicast addresses in IPv6? - FC00::/7.
What are link-local addresses in IPv6? - Non-routable addresses in the FE80::/10 range.
What is a worm? - Malware that can independently infect systems without user interaction.
What is a trojan horse? - Malware that pretends to be a legitimate program but contains malicious functionality.
What is a keylogger? - Malware that records every keystroke made by a user.
What is Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)? - Maximum power an antenna can radiate.
What is Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI)? - Measurement of signal strength received by a device.
What is throughput? - Rate at which data can be transmitted over a wireless network.
What is speed in relation to wireless networks? - Rate at which data can be transmitted over a wireless network.
What is PPP? - Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a widely used protocol for transmitting layer 3 protocols over dedicated leased lines.
What does PPP focus on? - PPP focuses on transmitting layer 3 protocols over data links.
What is the advantage of PPP's control protocols? - PPP's control protocols enable the transfer of multiple different layer 3 protocols simultaneously.
What is trunking? - Transferring VLAN traffic across multiple switches.
What is port mirroring? - Copying traffic from one port to another.
What is load balancing? - Alleviating burden on a single server.
What is traffic shaping? - QoS bandwidth management.
What SNMP component is a database for a particular device? - MIB (Management Information Base)
You're monitoring a wireless mesh network. Which of the following error types should be zero if the network is configured correctly? - Giants
What SIEM software feature finds broader trends and relationships formed by individually insignificant events? - Correlation
While examining network metrics, you see a very high discard rate on a router interface. What does this most likely signify? - The router is receiving intact packets that it cant use.
In terms of time, how does a differential backup plan generally differ from an incremental backup plan? - It is slower to create backups but quicker to restore data
What backup type might require specific operating system support?
Order the steps of the incident response process. (Containment, Eradication, Follow-Up, Identification, Investigation, Preparation, Recovery) - 1.Preparation 2.Identification 3. Containment 4.Investigation 5. Eradication 6. Recovery 7. Follow-Up
What is eDiscovery? - A process for sharing electronic forensic data
True or False: You should start choosing an incident response team as soon as you've identified an incident - False
At 100M from a transmitter, your radio signal is only 25% as strong as you'd like. What's the furthest you can be while still getting the signal strength you want? - 50M
Which modulation technology is used by newer, faster Wi-Fi standards - (OFDM) Orthogonal frequency-division Multiplexing
An office uses a Wi-Fi network for peer-to-peer sharing between hosts, with no centralized WAP. Unfortunately, it's performance is relatively low. What kind of topology does it have? - Ad Hoc
You want to create a point-to-point wireless link between two buildings. Your goals are to keep a strong signal between the two transceivers without sending too much signal elsewhere. What antenna style should you use for each? - Yagi
Your office has a single WAP but it can't cover the whole office even with a good antenna. Your boss wants you to compare options for expanding the network. What points would you include in your report? - A wireless range extender would be a low-maintenance option but might impact network performance. and Multiple thin WAPs would be a high-performance option but requires a controller using LWAPP or CAPWAP
How does the 5GHz band differ from 2.4GHz band? - - Less interference from non-Wi-Fi sources
- More non-overlapping channels
- Shorter Range
Your company allows users to use their smartphones for company business and join them to the office network. After several security incidents, management is considering a new policy that involves
A host connected to a VLAN trunk is misconfigured and isn't tagging frames with a VLAN ID. What happens to traffic from that host? - It's forwarded to the trunk's native VLAN
You're using LACP to handle link-aggregation between Switch A & Switch B, and you're just setting all the ports the same on each switch. Which combination will lead to a successful auto- negotiation? - A: Active and B:Active A: Active and B: Passive A: Passive and B: Active
A switch you're considering purchasing is marketed as a "smart switch". What kind of interface do you expect it to have? - Web- based
You were distracted while configuring a switch, and now there's constant congestion from an overwhelming amount of traffic. As you go back through the settings you may have modified, which can you likely rule out as the course of the problem? - Maximum Transition Unit (MTU) and Power Over Ethernet Plus (PoE+)
Your company is too big to use static routing, but the topology is simple and doesn't change very often. What protocol would be the easiest to use while still meeting your needs? - Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Your company network is a multi-home autonomous system. What protocol would your gateway routers need to learn internet paths? - Bridged Gateway Protocol (BGP)
True or False: Even with modern routing protocols, you still may want to set static route entries. - True
What might a router using PAT change on packets passing through?
- Destination Port and Destination Address for incoming packets and Source Port for outgoing packets.
Your new company plans to deploy a new data-center location via a colocation provider, and you're going to help set it up. Which of the following are you likely to do? - Choose server hardware and Configure server software.
On a software-defined network, you're trying to troubleshoot unexpected routing table entries on a critical gateway router. On what part of the SDN does the routing table itself exist? - Infrastructure Layer
You're upgrading some switches in a three-tiered data center. Compared to the original models, the provide more advanced QoS and traffic control rules. Which layer of the data-center will they likely belong to? - Aggregation
Aside from outright breakage, what's the primary worry with bending a fiber-optic cable too much? - Light leakage
To achieve maximum Wi-Fi coverage in a room, where should you place the WAP? - Place the WAP in the center of the room
Star-bus is an example of ____________________ topology? - Hybrid
Which record type acts like an alias, returning an FQDN rather than an IP address? - CNAME
What is the most common category of UTP used in new cabling
installations? - Cat 6
What Wi-Fi Standard can operate in either 2.4GHz or 5GHz band? - 802.11n
True or False: Denser materials attenuate WiFi signals more severely - True
True or False: Materials transparent to visible light are transparent to WiFi signals - False
True or False: Metal barriers tend to strongly absorb or reflect WiFi signals - True
True or False: Microwave ovens can cause interference, primarily on the 5GHz WiFi Band - False
True or False: Small changes in transceivers position will only cause slight changes in signal strength - False
You've configured several independent APs on different channels identical SSIDs and passwords. What happens when a mobile client tries to connect with saved credentials? - It connects to the AP with the strongest signal and stays on it until the connection is lost
You have a Bluetooth keyboard that can pair with a compatible phone or tablet simply by touching the two devices together. What technology does the feature likely use? - Near field communication (NFC)
You're doing network consulting for a small research firm and there's more paperwork to the deal than you ever expected/ Of the documents you have to sign, which one covers your obligations to protect any trade secrets or proprietary information? - NDA
What does AUP stand for? - Acceptable Use Policy
