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Network Infrastructure and Server Types, High school final essays of Computer science

Computer science

An overview of various network cables, topologies, and server types. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different cable types, such as coaxial, twisted-pair, and fiber-optic cables, as well as the characteristics of network topologies like bus, ring, tree, and star. The document also delves into the different server types, including tower servers, blade servers, and rack servers, highlighting their features and use cases. Additionally, it covers various server applications, such as database servers, application servers, web servers, ftp servers, dns servers, and dhcp servers. The document aims to equip the reader with a comprehensive understanding of network infrastructure and server technologies, which are crucial for designing and maintaining efficient it systems in organizations like nic asia bank.

Typology: High school final essays

2020/2021

Uploaded on 04/06/2022

zues-sensei 🇺🇸

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P2 EXPLAIN THE IMPACT OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY,

COMMUNICATION AND BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS.

Introduction

According to the scenario, Nic Asia Bank is one of the key banks for developing services and

communication across all facilities divisions and branches. I've been working as an IT officer for

the bank. As a result, I'll need to describe the benefits and downsides of various network

topologies, such as Bus, Ring, Tree, Star, Mesh, and Hybrid topologies. Examining various types

of cables for connecting equipment is also required, as well as presenting all tasks in the form of

a report. In addition, I must recognize a variety of cables, including cat-6, twisted pair, and

optical fiber cable. I also have to consider the network's bandwidth.

Topology

A network topology is defined as the structure of a network that is both physically and logically

connected to each other and describes how communication is transmitted between nodes through

a network. Network topology has different logical topologies and physical topology for

simultaneous data transmission and communication. In simple terms, it is a geometric

representation of all nodes, devices, and system connections across a network. This is also

referred to as the logical layout or the physical layout of the network. A node is a computer

network that is capable of receiving data generated by a printer or computer or any other network

device, broadcast, and other network devices (www.javatpoint.com, 2011).

This are main physical topology given below:

1. Bus Topology

2. Ring Topology

3. Tree Topology

4. Star Topology

5. Mesh Topology

6. Hybrid Topology

Bandwidth: -

1 | P a g e

Natan shrestha

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Download Network Infrastructure and Server Types and more High school final essays Computer science in PDF only on Docsity!

P2 EXPLAIN THE IMPACT OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY,

COMMUNICATION AND BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS.

Introduction According to the scenario, Nic Asia Bank is one of the key banks for developing services and communication across all facilities divisions and branches. I've been working as an IT officer for the bank. As a result, I'll need to describe the benefits and downsides of various network topologies, such as Bus, Ring, Tree, Star, Mesh, and Hybrid topologies. Examining various types of cables for connecting equipment is also required, as well as presenting all tasks in the form of a report. In addition, I must recognize a variety of cables, including cat-6, twisted pair, and optical fiber cable. I also have to consider the network's bandwidth. Topology A network topology is defined as the structure of a network that is both physically and logically connected to each other and describes how communication is transmitted between nodes through a network. Network topology has different logical topologies and physical topology for simultaneous data transmission and communication. In simple terms, it is a geometric representation of all nodes, devices, and system connections across a network. This is also referred to as the logical layout or the physical layout of the network. A node is a computer network that is capable of receiving data generated by a printer or computer or any other network device, broadcast, and other network devices (www.javatpoint.com, 2011). This are main physical topology given below:

Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Tree Topology
Star Topology
Mesh Topology
Hybrid Topology Bandwidth: - 1 | P a g e

Bus Topology The bus topology is designed in such a way that all nodes are connected via a single cable known as a backbone cable. The nodes are connected with the backbone cable by a drop cable or directly to the backbone cable. When a node wants to communicate to a network, it puts a message on the network. All nodes available on the network will receive the message whether it is addressed or not. 802.3 (Ethernet) and 802.4 standard networks use bus topology. The bus topology is much simple than other topologies (www.javatpoint.com, 2011). Features of bus topology

The data and information are transferred only in a single direction.
If bus topology contains only two end-points, then it is called a linear bus.
If bus topology contains more than two end-points, then it is called distributed bus network
Bus topology has only one single connection between the nodes and the communication channel.
- In bus-based networks coaxial or twisted pair cables are used that support up to 10 Mbps.
- Bus topology is reliable, flexible, and expandable with an average performance. Advantages of Bus topology: 2 | P a g e

Advantages of Ring topology:

Easy to Installation and maintenance.
In ring topology all computers are connected in one ring or circle so less cable is required.
In this topology data passed in unidirectional, it reduces chances of data collision.
Cost-efficient to implement.
Each node gets the same access time. Disadvantages of Ring topology:
If something goes wrong with the cable, it will disrupt communication to all nodes.
In this topology data transmission speed is slow because each message has to go through the ring path.
In ring topology adding new devices or reconfiguration to the network it could slow down the network. Tree Topology: Tree topology is made of bus and star topology, in which all the nodes are directly or indirectly connected to the main bus cable. The whole network is divided into different parts, which can be easily managed and maintained. In this topology, there is the main hub and all the other sub-hubs are connected to each other (www.javatpoint.com, 2011). 4 | P a g e

Advantages of Tree topology:

Tree topology set to long-distance network coverage as well as requirements.
- In this topology, fault finding or troubleshoot are easy by checking each part of the network.
In tree topology least or no loss of data.
A Large number of nodes can be connected directly or indirectly in this topology.
If one part of the network fails or error, there are no affected other parts of the network. Disadvantages of Tree topology:
This topology requires more cable and hardware so cable and hardware costs are higher.
This topology is complex to implement so needs professional technical support.
In this topology different network hubs are in the main hub so hub cabling is more required.
If large networks in tree topology are hard to manage.
This topology requires very high maintenance.
In this topology, if the main bus cable is damaged, the whole network will fail. Star Topology A star topology is a system of networks in which each node is connected to a central hub, switch, or central computer. In this topology, the main or central device is known as a server, and other connected devices are known as clients. In star topology, coaxial cables or RJ- cables are used to connect computer devices to the central hub. In a physical star topology, hubs or switches are used as connected devices. Star topology is the most popular topology for network setup (www.javatpoint.com, 2011). 5 | P a g e

This topology is mainly used for wireless networks.
- The Internet is part of a mesh topology.
- This topology can be formed using the formula:
- number of cables = (n * (n-1)) / 2; where n is the number of nodes that represents the network. Mesh topology is divided into two categories: Full Mesh Topology: In a full mesh topology, each computer device is connected to all the computer devices in the network (www.javatpoint.com, 2011). Partial Mesh Topology: In a partial mesh topology, just a subset of computer devices are connected to those with whom they routinely communicate (www.javatpoint.com, 2011). Advantages of Mesh topology:
- Dedicated links facilitate direct communication.
- Channels have no congestion or traffic problems.
- Good Fault tolerance due to the dedicated path for each node.
- Very fast communication between different devices.
  - Each device has separate channel for communication, it maintains privacy and security.
- If one device fails, other alternative devices are present in the network. Disadvantages of Mesh topology:
- Every computer device is interconnected so a lot of cables are needed 7 | P a g e

Cost inefficient to implement.
It is complex to setup and takes large space to install the network.
Installation and maintenance are very difficult. Hybrid Topology A hybrid topology is a computer topology that is a combination of two or more topologies. This topology is the most widely used. This topology is a connection between various links and nodes to transfer the data. When two or more different topologies are combined together is called hybrid topology and if the same topology is combined with each other there will be no result in hybrid topology (www.javatpoint.com, 2011). For example, if a ring topology exists in one branch of Nic Asia Bank and a bus topology exists in another branch of Nic Asia Bank, combining these two topologies would result in a hybrid topology. Advantages of Hybrid topology:
In this topology, it can handle a large volume of nodes of different topology.
It provides flexibility to modify the network according to our needs.
if one node fails it will not affect the whole network. Disadvantages of Hybrid topology:
Complex design.
Expensive to implement. 8 | P a g e

Sheath This is the first or outer layer of the coaxial cable. It covers and protects the cable from physical damage. Braided shield It protects signals from external interference and noise. It is built from metal Insulation It protects the core conductor and it also keeps the core conductor from the braided shield. Without this layer braided shield and core conductor touches each other and it cause short circuit. Conductor The conductor carries or flow an electromagnetic signal. Based on a coaxial cable conductor can be classified into two types; Single core coaxial cable and multi core coaxial cable.

single-core coaxial cable uses a single central metal conductor. NEWORKING INDRA KUMAR MEHTA 39
- multi-core coaxial cable uses multiple thin strands of metal wires. The following image shows both types of cable. 10 | P a g e

Coaxial cables in computer networks It wasn’t developed for computer networks. These cables were developed for general purposes. They were in use before computer networks came into existence. They are still completely banned from using computer networks. Due to its low cost and long durability, coaxial cable was used in computer networking for almost two decades (s80 and 90s). Coaxial cable is now not used to build any type of computer network (ComputerNetworkingNotes, 2018). Specifications of coaxial cables 11 | P a g e

- UTP (Unshielded twisted-pair) cable all pairs are wrapped in a single plastic sheath. - STP (Shielded twisted-pair) cable Every pair is wrapped with an additional metal shield, and all pairs are wrapped in a single outer plastic sheath. Similarities and differences between STP and UTP cables

Both STP and UTP can transmit data speed of 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps, and 10Gbps.
The STP cable contains more materials, it is expensive than the UTP cable.
STP and UTP cables both are use the same RJ-45 (registered jack) as connectors.
The STP provides more noise and EMI resistance than the UTP cable.
The maximum segment length for STP and UTP cables are100 meters or 328 feet.
STP and UTP cables both can accommodate a maximum of 1024 nodes in each segment. 13 | P a g e

Specifications of coaxial cables 14 | P a g e

Very thin and hence breaks easily
Not suitable for broadband connections Fiber-Optical Cable Thin glass or plastic threads used to transmit data using light waves are called optical fibers. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) or laser diodes (LDs) emit light signals at the source, signals are then read by a detector at the other end. This cable consists of a bundle of threads or fibers that are bound together in a protective covering (ComputerNetworkingNotes, 2018). This cable made up of three layers, starting with the innermost layer they are:
Core made of high-quality silica glass or plastic.
Cladding made of high-quality silica glass or plastic.
Protective outer covering called buffer 16 | P a g e

Optical fiber is rapidly replacing copper wires in telephone lines, Internet communications and even cable TV connections because the transmitted data can travel very long distances without being weakened. The single node fiber optic cable can have a maximum length of 2 km and a bandwidth of up to 100 Mbps. Multi-node fiber optic cables can have a maximum segment length of 100 km and a bandwidth of up to 2 Gbps. Advantages of Optical Fiber

High bandwidth.
Immune to electromagnetic interference.
Suitable for industrial and noisy areas.
Can travel long distances without weakening the data carrying signal. Disadvantages of Optical Fiber
Optical fiber cables are expensive than other cables.
- Advanced technology required for manufacturing, installing and maintaining optical fiber cables.
Light waves are unidirectional, so two signals are required for full duplex transmission. Bandwidth Bandwidth define as, the maximum speed of data transfer rate of a network or Internet connection. It measures how much data can be sent over a particular connection in a specified amount time. A download faster when we have a high- bandwidth connection than a low-bandwidth connection (Techterms.com, 2020). For ex A gigabit Ethernet connection has a bandwidth of 1,000 Mbps (125 megabytes per second). An Internet connection via cable modem may provide 25 Mbps of bandwidth. Bandwidth requirements: 17 | P a g e

Types of switches upon their work function.

- Unmanaged Switches – It has a basic and fixed configuration. Simply user can plug into the switches and it works. It has a quality-of-service features but it cannot changeable. These switches are inexpensive than managed switches, but their lack of features is not suitable for enterprise uses (Cloudflare, 2021). - Managed switches - it has more functionality and features to manage upon their required in business and enterprise. It has command-line interfaces (CLI) for configure. Managed switches support simple network management protocol (SNMP) for troubleshoot network problems. It supports virtual LANs, quality of service settings, and IP routing. Because of advanced features, managed switches expansive than unmanaged switches (Cloudflare, 2021). Features of switches:

Switch connects multiple devices.
Enable and disable specific ports on the switch.
Configure settings for duplex as well as bandwidth.
Set quality of service.
Enable MAC filtering and other access control features. Inside my network, we have a lot of devices to connect devices so we used switches to connect multiple devices to the network. Router: A router is a hardware device that connects more than one networks or subnetworks. Routers are capable of directing network packets, based on their address, to other networks or devices. They are used to connect branch offices to a central office via Internet access (Nfon.com, 2021). 19 | P a g e

Function:

Routers are so easy to connect through wire or wireless network.
Routers provides MAC address and IP address so there will be fast communication.
Routers are highly secure with strong encrypted password.
The bunch of wi.re is not required to connect to the internet.
No loss of information.
1. Routers can connect to various network architecture such as ethernet cable, Wi-Fi, WLAN. Inside my network, we have a lot of devices connect to another devices and network so we used the router to connect multiple of the device and to secure the network without losing it performance. Hub: A hub is a networking device that allows connecting multiple devices to the same network. It is used to connect part of LAN. A hub has different ports, so when a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to different other ports (Guru99, 2021). 20 | P a g e

Network Infrastructure and Server Types, High school final essays of Computer science

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download Network Infrastructure and Server Types and more High school final essays Computer science in PDF only on Docsity!

P2 EXPLAIN THE IMPACT OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY,

COMMUNICATION AND BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS.