Docsity
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Docsity AI
Docsity AI
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search for your university

Find the specific documents for your university's exams

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

Understanding the Network Layer: Routing, IPv4 and IPv6, and Routing Algorithms, Slides of Digital Systems Design

Birla Institute of Technology and ScienceDigital Systems Design

An in-depth exploration of the network layer, focusing on principles behind network layer services, routing algorithms, ipv4 and ipv6, and their implementation in the internet. Topics include routing (path selection), dealing with scale, how a router works, advanced topics like ipv6 and mobility, and their instantiation and implementation in the internet.

Typology: Slides

2011/2012

Uploaded on 07/26/2012

shakti
shakti 🇮🇳

4.4

(19)

99 documents

1 / 133

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Network Layer 4-2
Chapter 4: Network Layer
Chapter goals:
understand principles behind network layer
services:
routing (path selection)
dealing with scale
how a router works
advanced topics: IPv6, mobility
instantiation and implementation in the
Internet
docsity.com
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b
pf1c
pf1d
pf1e
pf1f
pf20
pf21
pf22
pf23
pf24
pf25
pf26
pf27
pf28
pf29
pf2a
pf2b
pf2c
pf2d
pf2e
pf2f
pf30
pf31
pf32
pf33
pf34
pf35
pf36
pf37
pf38
pf39
pf3a
pf3b
pf3c
pf3d
pf3e
pf3f
pf40
pf41
pf42
pf43
pf44
pf45
pf46
pf47
pf48
pf49
pf4a
pf4b
pf4c
pf4d
pf4e
pf4f
pf50
pf51
pf52
pf53
pf54
pf55
pf56
pf57
pf58
pf59
pf5a
pf5b
pf5c
pf5d
pf5e
pf5f
pf60
pf61
pf62
pf63
pf64

Partial preview of the text

Download Understanding the Network Layer: Routing, IPv4 and IPv6, and Routing Algorithms and more Slides Digital Systems Design in PDF only on Docsity!

Network Layer

4-

Chapter 4: Network LayerChapter goals: 

understand principles behind network layerservices:

routing (path selection)

dealing with scale

how a router works

advanced topics: IPv6, mobility

instantiation and implementation in theInternet

Network Layer

4-

Chapter 4: Network Layer 

4. 1 Introduction

4.2 Virtual circuit anddatagram networks

4.3 What’s inside arouter

4.4 IP: InternetProtocol

Datagram format

IPv4 addressing

ICMP

IPv

4.5 Routing algorithms

Link state

Distance Vector

Hierarchical routing

4.6 Routing in theInternet

RIP

OSPF

BGP

4.7 Broadcast andmulticast routing

Network Layer

4-

Key Network-Layer Functions

forwarding: movepackets from router’sinput to appropriaterouter output

routing: determineroute taken bypackets from sourceto dest.

Routing algorithms

analogy: 

routing: process ofplanning trip fromsource to dest

forwarding: processof getting throughsingle interchange

Network Layer

4-

1

2

3

0111

value in arrivingpacket’s header

routing algorithm

local forwarding table

header value output link

01000101

0111 1001

3 2 2 1

Interplay between routing and forwarding

Network Layer

4-

Network service model

Q: What

service model for “channel” transporting

datagrams from sender to rcvr?

Example services for

individual datagrams:

guaranteed delivery

Guaranteed deliverywith less than 40 msecdelay

Example services for a

flow of datagrams:

In-order datagramdelivery

Guaranteed minimumbandwidth to flow

Restrictions onchanges in inter-packet spacing

Network Layer

4-

Network layer service models:

Network

Architecture

Internet

ATM ATM ATM ATM

ServiceModelbest effortCBR VBR ABR UBR

Bandwidthnoneconstantrateguaranteedrateguaranteedminimumnone

Loss no yes yes no no

Orderno yes yes yes yes

Timingno yes yes no no

Congestionfeedbackno (inferredvia loss)nocongestionnocongestionyes no

Guarantees?

Network Layer

4-

Network layer connection andconnection-less service 

Datagram network provides network-layerconnectionless service

VC network provides network-layerconnection service

Analogous to the transport-layer services,but:

Service: host-to-host

No choice: network provides one or the other

Implementation: in the core

Network Layer

4-

Virtual circuits

call setup, teardown for each call

before data can flow

each packet carries VC identifier (not destination hostaddress)

every router on source-dest path maintains “state” foreach passing connection

link, router resources (bandwidth, buffers) may beallocated to VC

“source-to-dest path behaves much like telephone

circuit”

performance-wise

network actions along source-to-dest path

Network Layer

4-

Forwarding table

12

22

32

1

2

3

VC number

interfacenumber

Incoming interface

Incoming VC #

Outgoing interface

Outgoing VC #

1

12

2

22

2

63

1

18

3

7

2

17

1

97

3

87

…

…

…

…

Forwarding table innorthwest router:

Routers maintain connection state information!

Network Layer

4-

Virtual circuits: signaling protocols

used to setup, maintain teardown VC

used in ATM, frame-relay, X.

not used in today’s Internet

application

transport

network data link

physical

application

transport

network data link

physical

  1. Initiate call
    1. incoming call
  2. Accept call
  3. Call connected
  4. Data flow begins
  5. Receive data

Network Layer

4-

Forwarding table

Destination Address Range

Link Interface

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

through

0

11001000 00010111 00010111 1111111111001000 00010111 00011000 00000000

through

1

11001000 00010111 00011000 1111111111001000 00010111 00011001 00000000

through

2

11001000 00010111 00011111 11111111

otherwise

3

4 billionpossible entries

Network Layer

4-

Longest prefix matching

Prefix Match

Link Interface

11001000 00010111 00010

0

11001000 00010111 00011000

1

11001000 00010111 00011

2

otherwise

3

DA: 11001000

00010111

00011000

10101010

Examples

DA: 11001000

00010111

00010110

10100001

Which interface?

Which interface?

Network Layer

4-

Chapter 4: Network Layer 

4. 1 Introduction

4.2 Virtual circuit anddatagram networks

4.3 What’s inside arouter

4.4 IP: InternetProtocol

Datagram format

IPv4 addressing

ICMP

IPv

4.5 Routing algorithms

Link state

Distance Vector

Hierarchical routing

4.6 Routing in theInternet

RIP

OSPF

BGP

4.7 Broadcast andmulticast routing

Network Layer

4-

Router Architecture Overview

Two key router functions: 

run routing algorithms/protocol (RIP, OSPF, BGP)

forwarding datagrams from incoming to outgoing link