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MATLAB Commands and Functions for Cryptography in CE-408: Cryptography & Network Security, Lab Reports of Cryptography and System Security

Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology (SSUET)Cryptography and System Security

An overview of the MATLAB commands and functions used for cryptography in the CE-408: Cryptography & Network Security course. It covers topics such as variables in MATLAB, random number generators, matrix operations, and logical operations. Students will learn how to create matrices, perform arithmetic and logical operations, and generate random numbers for cryptographic purposes.

Typology: Lab Reports

2019/2020

Uploaded on 09/16/2020

mariyam-ashraf
mariyam-ashraf 🇵🇰

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CE-408: Cryptography & Network Security SSUET/QR/114
LAB#01
Commands & Functions used for Cryptography
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this lab is to present the commands and function of MATLAB used for cryptography.
MATLAB
MATLAB (Matrix laboratory) is an interactive software system for numerical computations and
graphics. A numerical analyst called Cleve Moler wrote the first version of Matlab in the 1970s. It has
since evolved into a successful commercial software package. As the name suggests, Matlab is especially
designed for matrix computations: solving systems of linear equations, computing eigen values and
eigenvectors, factoring matrices, and so forth. In addition, it has a variety of graphical capabilities, and
can be extended through programs written in its own programming language. Many such programs come
with the system; a number of these extend Matlab's capabilities to nonlinear problems, such as the
solution of initial value problems for ordinary differential equations.
Characteristics of MATLAB:
1. Slow (compared with FORTRAN or C) i.e. not pre-compiled. Avoid for loops; instead use vector
form.
2. Automatic memory management, i.e., you don't have to declare arrays in advance.
3. Shorter program development time than traditional programming languages such as FORTRAN
and C.
4. Can be converted into C code via MATLAB compiler for better efficiency.
5. Many application-specific toolboxes available.
Main toolboxes which are going to be used are: communication toolbox, signal processing toolbox and
other supplement tool boxes.
Simple commands and statements:
Arithmetic operations and variables.
Matrix and vectors.
Matrix operations and point wise operations.
Lab#01: Commands and functions used for cryptography P a g e | 1
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LAB#

Commands & Functions used for Cryptography

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this lab is to present the commands and function of MATLAB used for cryptography.

MATLAB

MATLAB (Matrix laboratory) is an interactive software system for numerical computations and graphics. A numerical analyst called Cleve Moler wrote the first version of Matlab in the 1970s. It has since evolved into a successful commercial software package. As the name suggests, Matlab is especially designed for matrix computations: solving systems of linear equations, computing eigen values and eigenvectors, factoring matrices, and so forth. In addition, it has a variety of graphical capabilities, and can be extended through programs written in its own programming language. Many such programs come with the system; a number of these extend Matlab's capabilities to nonlinear problems, such as the solution of initial value problems for ordinary differential equations. Characteristics of MATLAB:

  1. Slow (compared with FORTRAN or C) i.e. not pre-compiled. Avoid for loops; instead use vector form.
  2. Automatic memory management, i.e., you don't have to declare arrays in advance.
  3. Shorter program development time than traditional programming languages such as FORTRAN and C.
  4. Can be converted into C code via MATLAB compiler for better efficiency.
  5. Many application-specific toolboxes available. Main toolboxes which are going to be used are: communication toolbox, signal processing toolbox and other supplement tool boxes. Simple commands and statements:  Arithmetic operations and variables.  Matrix and vectors.  Matrix operations and point wise operations.

 Element extraction from a matrix.  Basic functions and special matrices  Creating m files and basic programs Variables in MATLAB: Type of variable in MATLAB is determined when it is created. One don’t have to declare variable before assigning it a value. There are two types of variable. i) Scalar Variables Those variables that have one (1) row and one (1) column ii) Vector Variables Vector is a matrix with wither one (1) row or one (1) column (1xn) or (nx1) iii) Matrix Variables Those variables have (n) row and (m) column (nxm) Try the following codes: Open a new m file and name it prog1 then execute the following commands: %Always use comments a = 5; % numeric variable b = [1 2 3] % A row vector which also can be written as b = [1,2,3] c = [4; 5; 6] % A column vector which also can be written as % c = [4 5 6]' where ' indicates the transpose of a matrix d = [2 4 5;3 3 3; 1 2 7] %matrix creation 3 by 3 f = [] %to create an empty matrix g = ones(3,4) %3by4 matrix with all ones h = zeros(6) %create 6by6 matrix of all zeros size(g) %finds the size of g matrix size(g,1) %finds number of rows in g size(g,2) %finds number of columns in g

r = b + c' %Addition s = g * m %matrix multiplication t = b' .* c %element wise multiplication u = o .^ 4 %each element in o is raised to power 4 det(m) %the determinant of m v = eye(4) %identity matrix of 4by %Element extraction m(2,2) %extracts the element intersection at 2nd row 2nd column in m m(1:3,2) %extracts the elements at 1 to 3 rows and 2nd column in m in %this way using the range sign : , you can extract any element %or elements depending on the intersections m(:,3) %means extract the whole 3rd column m(1,:) %means extract the whole 1st row m(:,:) %extracts the whole matrix m m(:) %arrange m in a single column vector w = [b' c d] %concatenate different matrices into a single one such that the %resultant matrix forms an acceptable shape. z = [4:0.1:5] %creates a row vector having an increment of 0. diag(l) %extracts the diagonal elements of the square matrix %Basic functions sum(d) mean(d) max(d) min(d) sin(d) cos(d)

exp(d) log(d) %for more built in functions, see the help on list of functions whos %detailed information about the variables clear d m %clears the variables d and m whos %confirm that m and d are cleared clear all %clears all currently assigned variables Logical Operations in MATLAB Many logical operations are used in cryptography for encryption and decryption. and Find logical AND not Find logical NOT or Find logical OR xor Find logical exclusive-OR Xor is most commonly used operator in cryptography.  C = xor(A,B) C = xor(A,B) performs a logical exclusive-OR of arrays A and B and returns an array containing elements set to either logical 1 (true) or logical 0 (false). An element of the output array is set to logical 1 (true) if A or B, but not both, contains a nonzero element at that same array location. Otherwise, the array element is set to 0.  C = bitxor(A,B) returns the bit-wise XOR of A and B. Arithmetic and Logical Shift Operators Right and left arithmetic and shift operators are used to shift the bits.  c=bitsra(a,k) c=bitsra(a,k) returns the result of an arithmetic right shift by k bits on input a for fixed-point operations. For floating-point operations, it performs a multiply by 2 -k. If the input is unsigned, bitsra shifts zeros into the positions of bits that it shifts right. If the input is signed, bitsra shifts the most significant bit (MSB) into the positions of bits that it shifts right.  c = bitsll(a, k)

Lab Tasks:

  1. Perform all the above commands by initializing a matrix of 4 x 5.
  2. Initialize two matrices of size 3 x 2. Apply all the logical operations on them.
  3. Using a programming approach, create the following matrix: 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
  4. A system is performing encryption operation on a data using the figure below. The data is your Roll no. Convert your data into binary. The key is generate randomly by CPRNG. The length of the key should be same as input.. Display the encrypted message.
  1. Writ a program that generates the 9 x 9 matrix randomly. Extract the 3 x 5 matrix from it. Generate key matrix of the same size as of extracted matrix randomly. Perform Xor operation.
  2. A system is performing an encryption operation on a text data using the figure shown below. The letters are mapped into bits in the following manner: the letter is converted into its corresponding sequence number in the English alphabets and then that number is converted into binary representation. The length of the key used the same as the length of a single letter in bits. Display the encrypted message in text form. Assume any key of your choice. The text to encrypt is your complete name e.g. Ibrahim. Hint: discard the spaces between name and the capitalization of letters.
  3. Write the differences between Xor and bitwise Xor and right arithmetic and logical operator.