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ASSIGNMENT
Of
Computer Networks
1.Difference between LAN,MAN,WAN
2.Different LAN technologies
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Question 1: Difference between LAN,MAN,WAN?
BASIS LAN
(Local area network)
MAN
(Metropolitan area network)
WAN
(Wide area network)
Range A communication network linking a number of stations is
This network shares the characteristics of packet broadcasting
A communication network distinguished from a local area network
same local area
Range :1 to 10km
networks
Range :100km
Range : beyond 100km
Media used Guided media Guided & unguided Unguided Speed High speed
i.e 100kbps to 100mbps
Large geographical area than LAN
Long distance communication,which may or may not be provided by public packet network. Cost cheaper costly expensive Equipment required
NIC,switch,hub Modem & router Microwave,radio,infrared laser Protocols ARCET
(Attached resource computer network),token ring
Frame relay and asynchronous transfer mode(ATM)
ATM,FDDI,SMDS
Network size small larger largest Bandwidth Low high moderate
Question 2 : What are different LAN technologies?
LAN technologies
- Ethernet
- Wireless
- Low signal strength
- Propagation blocked by walls, etc.
- Can't depend on CD; not all participants may hear
- LocalTalk
- (^) LAN technology that uses bus topology
- Interface included with all Macintosh computers
- Relatively low speed - 230.4Kbps
- Low cost (``free'' with a Macintosh); easy to install and connect
- Uses CSMA/CD
- Token ring
Many LAN technologies that use ring topology use token passing for synchronized access to the ring
- Ring itself is treated as a single, shared communication medium
- Bits pass from transmitter, past other computers and are copied by destination
- Hardware must be designed to pass token even if attached computer is powered down
- When a computer wants to transmit, it waits for the token
- After transmission, computer transmits token on ring
- Next computer ready to transmit receives token and then transmits
Token and synchronization
- Because there is only one token, only one computer will transmit at a time
- Token is short, reserved frame that cannot appear in data
- Hardware must regenerate token if lost
- Token gives computer permission to send one frame
- If all ready to transmit, enforces ``round-robin'' access
- If none ready to transmit, token circulates around ring
- FDDI
- Fiber Distributed Data Interconnect (FDDI) is another ring technology
- Uses fiber optics between stations
- (^) Transmits data at 100Mbps
- Uses pairs of fibers to form two concentric rings
FDDI and reliability
- FDDI uses counter-rotating rings in which data flows in opposite directions
- In case of fiber or station failure, remaining stations loop back and reroute data through spare ring
- All stations automatically configure loop back by monitoring data ring 6. ATM - Star network
- Asynchronous Transfer Mode technology consists of electronic packet switches to which computers can connect
- ATM switches form hub into which computers connect in a star topology
- Computers get point-to-point connections - data from transmitter is routed directly through hub switches to destination
- Transmits data at over 100Mbps
- (^) Uses fiber optics to connect computer to switch
- Each connection includes two fibers
