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ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 1: Programming Submission date 30/04/ Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Võ Thanh Liêm – BSAF Class PBIT16101-CNTT Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Grading grid P 1
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- I.Introduction :................................................................................................. Contents
- II.Part 1 - ALGORITHM:.....................................................................................
- Defination of Algorithm :...............................................................................
- Advantage of algorithm:...............................................................................
- Characteristics of algorithm:.........................................................................
- Example of algorithm:..................................................................................
- II.Part 2 – FLOWCHART:.................................................................................... - 1. Defination of Flowchart :..........................................................................
- Examples :..............................................................................................
- II.Part 3 – STEP IN PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT:................................................
- What is the Software Development Life Cycle?..........................................
- The various steps involved are...................................................................
and why it is important for us to understand what we will do with programming. The first line I want to use it for regarding my teacher – who help me so much to finish this assignment. Also I want to thank my friend for give a hand with me in doing research and demo.I also pay attention in every reprot, case studies which provide more information and knowledge for me in this profession. All the example that existed in this report are carefully debug and been testing for a while. If you have some problem beside this report, feel free to notice me in the student information which I will post later. Best regard,
II.Part 1 - ALGORITHM:
Defination of Algorithm :
An algorithm is a step-by-step description of the solution to a
problem,based on conducting a sequence of specified
actions.
According to computer science and related subjects, an
algorithm is an effective way to solve a problem. This is
presented in the form of a finite series of instructions.
Besides, the algorithms are also used for computation, data
processing, and other fields. In the case of more advanced or
abstract implementations, the instructions do not necessarily
form a finite string, and not even necessarily an order.
For each algorithm is a list of instructions as well as rules for
completing a task. These tasks start from an initial state, the
instructions describe a calculation that proceeds through a
well-regulated series of states well-being. And the end is
terminated in the final state of termination.
Advantage of algorithm:
●It is a stepwise representation of solutions to a given
problem, which makes it easy to understand.
●Every step in an algorithm has its own logical sequence so it
is easy to debug.
●By using an algorithm the problem is broken down into
smaller pieces or steps hence, it is easier for a programmer to
convert it into an actual program.
●An algorithm acts as a blueprint of a program and helps
during program development.
●An algorithm uses a definite procedure.
●It easy to first develop an algorithm and then convert it into a
flowchart and then into a computer program.
●It is not dependent on any programming language, so it is
easy to understand for anyone even without programming
knowledge.
Characteristics of algorithm:
All the characteristics of algorithm are:
Clear and Unambiguous : Algorithm should be clear and unambiguous. Each of its steps should be clear in all aspects and must lead to only one meaning. Well-Defined Inputs : If an algorithm says to take inputs, it should be well-defined inputs.
Step 2: Designing the algorithm Now let’s design the algorithm with the help of above pre-requisites: Algorithm to add 3 numbers and print their sum:
- START
- Declare 3 integer variables num1, num2 and num3.
- Take the three numbers, to be added, as inputs in variables num1, num2, and num3 respectively.
- Declare an integer variable sum to store the resultant sum of the 3 numbers.
- Add the 3 numbers and store the result in the variable sum.
- Print the value of variable sum
- END Step 3: Testing the algorithm by implementing it.
Inorder to test the algorithm, let’s implement it in C# language.
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace Baitap { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { // Variables to take the input of // the 3 numbers int num1, num2, num3; // Variable to store the resultant sum int sum; // Take the 3 numbers as input Console.WriteLine("Enter the 1st number"); num1 = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine("Enter the 2st number"); num2 = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine("Enter the 3st number"); num3 = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); // Calculate the sum using + operator // and store it in variable sum sum = num1 + num2 + num3; // Print the sum Console.WriteLine("The sum is: {0}", sum); sum = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); } } }
II.Part 2 – FLOWCHART:
1. Defination of Flowchart : a) Variations: macro flowchart, top-down flowchart, detailed flowchart (also called process map, micro map, service map, or symbolic flowchart), deployment flowchart (also called down-across or cross- functional flowchart), several-leveled flowchart A flowchart is a picture of the separate steps of a process in sequential order. It is a generic tool that can be adapted for a wide variety of purposes, and can be used to describe various processes, such as a manufacturing process, an administrative or service process, or a project plan. It's a common process analysis tool and one of the seven basic quality tools. Elements that may be included in a flowchart are a sequence of actions, materials or services entering or leaving the process (inputs and outputs), decisions that must be made, people who become involved, time involved at each step, and/or process measurements. b) When will use a Flowchart : To develop understanding of how a process is done. To study a process for improvement. To communicate to others how a process is done. When better communication is needed between people involved with the same process To document a process. When planning a project.
2. Examples :
Input : Put two given number a, b. Find max
II.Part 3 – STEP IN PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT:
What is the Software Development Life Cycle? Software Development Life Cycle is the application of standard business practices to building software applications. It’s typically divided into six to eight steps: Planning, Requirements, Design, Build, Document, Test, Deploy, Maintain. Some project managers will combine, split, or omit steps, depending on the project’s scope. These are the core components recommended for all software development projects. SDLC is a way to measure and improve the development process. It allows a fine-grain analysis of each step of the process. This, in turn, helps companies maximize efficiency at each stage. As computing power increases, it places a higher demand on software and developers. Companies must reduce costs, deliver software faster, and meet or exceed their customers’ needs. SDLC helps achieve these goals by identifying inefficiencies and higher costs and fixing them to run smoothly. The various steps involved are o Defining or Analyzing the problem The problem is defined by doing a preliminary investigation. Defining a problem helps us to understand problem clearly. It is also known as Program Analysis. Task will have in defining a problem: Specifing the input requirements Specifing the output requirements Specifing the processing requirements
o Testing The program is tested on a number of suitable test cases. A test plan of the program has to be done at the stage of the program design itself. This ensures a thorough understanding of the specifications. The most trivial and the most special cases should be identified and tested. It is always useful to include the maximum and minimum values of all variables as test data. o Maintenance Updating and correction of the program for changed conditions and field experience is accounted for in maintenance. Maintenance becomes essential in following situations: o Change in specification, o Change in equipment, o Errors which are found during the actual execution of the program. Conclusion : All component with algorithm, flowchart and the life cycle of development program not only have us maintance difficult task but also provide us the best environment to develop the program. Each of them activity separately but combine for the best performance of solving problem. Missing of something will lead to hard to control the function.
III. SCENARIO :
1. Problem In oder to maintance a library, we will have a program that can manage all of the information of users, the book and the author, so on. Each of object will have their function like : User can use their information to create a new account to rent book or return. The book will have their code, their ISBN and their released date. The publisher or the established will have their name so the reader can find their similar variety of book. 2. Solution
For the user :
Step 1. Input :
. Names
. ID number
. Phone number
Step 2. Storage their information, the information will be
used by the adminstrator for tracking the renting book.
→For the opening of the program, we will have lines that provide
the value of information, include provide the library which
will storage the input information. Then we create the menu
to have option the activity :
♦The library, the class and the object :
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace assignment { class assignment { static void Main(string[] args) { //book string bName, bCode, Author; int ISBN; // reader string name, IDnum; int phone; // NXB string publisher; int establish, opt;
♦The switch case to take the option ( The menu ) :
while (true) { Console.WriteLine("1. Enter the book information "); Console.WriteLine("2. Enter the reader information "); Console.WriteLine("3. Enter the publisher information "); Console.WriteLine("4. Enter the borrow and return information "); Console.WriteLine("5. The end"); Console.WriteLine(); Console.Write("enter an opt: "); opt = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); switch (opt) { case 2: Console.WriteLine("Enter information of the reader"); Console.Write("Enter a reader name: "); name = Console.ReadLine(); Console.Write("Enter an ID number: "); IDnum = Console.ReadLine(); Console.Write("enter the phone number of the reader: "); phone = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine(); Console.WriteLine("Show the information of reader"); PrintrInfor(name, IDnum, phone); break; default: Console.WriteLine("invalid number. Pls re-enter"); break;
The input name for reader is : Liem
The ID number : 0456789
The phone number of reader is : 053466412
On the screen we will have all the information
References:
