networking slides for routing, Summaries of Network Analysis

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Networking Devices

Objectives

1

Modes of Communication

• Communication where information is sent from one point to another point
• There is just one sender and one receiver
• Sender knows the location of receiver before the information is sent.
• Most widely used form of data transmission on computer Networks.

Modes of Communication

Unicast

• Communication where a piece of information is sent from one point to all other points.
• In this case there is just one sender, but the information is sent to all connected receivers.
• Broadcast is supported on LANs and is used to send information to multiple devices at once.

Modes of Communication

Broadcast

Networking Devices

• A layer 1 device that operates in the physical layer.
• Deals with bits or electrical signals.
• Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted.
• They do not amplify the signal.
• When the signal becomes weak, they copy the signal bit by bit and regenerate it at the original strength.

Repeater

Advantages of using a Hub:

• It is simple to implement.
• The implementation cost is low.
• It does not require any special system

administration configuration. We can just plug

and play it.

Hub

Disadvantages of using a Hub:

• It can connect devices of the same network

only.

• It uses a half-duplex mode of communication.
• It is less secure, as it broadcasts the data

packets.

• It can be used in a limited network size only.

• A layer 2 device that operates in the physical and the data-link layer.
• Interprets the data in the form of frames.
• In Physical layer, acts like a repeater and in data-link layer, checks the MAC address of the data frames for transmission.
• Used to connect multiple devices to the same network and segment the network.
• Not an intelligent device. Forwards the incoming messages to other devices without checking for errors or processing
• When a data packet arrives a port in the hub, it broadcasts it to all the other ports.

Bridge

• A layer 2 device that operates in the physical and the data- link layer.
• Interprets the data in the form of frames.
• Acts as a multiport bridge with greater efficiency.
• An intelligent device with filtering capabilities. Will discard the faulty frames.
• Switch maintains tables with MAC addresses of all devices connected to it.
• Reduces unnecessary traffic in the network.

Switch

Advantages of using a Switch:

• The implementation cost is medium.
• Improves security by limiting the scope of data frames.
• It has the filtering capability.
• It can be used in a large network.
• It uses full-duplex mode of communication

Switch

Disadvantages of using a Switch:

• It can connect devices of the same network only.
• There is a delay in forwarding the frames due to error checking.
• There is a need to maintain a Switch table.

Advantages of using a Router:

• It can connect devices and provides routing facilities over different networks implementing the same protocol and structure.
• Improves security by limiting the scope of data packets.
• It has the filtering capability.
• It can be used in a large network.
• It uses full-duplex mode of communication

Router

Disadvantages of using a Router:

• It is very complex to implement.
• The implementation cost is quite high.
• There is a need to maintain a Routing table.
• There is a delay in forwarding the packets due to error checking.
• It requires a special system administration configuration.

• Modem stands for Modulator and Demodulator.
• It is a device that modulates signals to encode digital information for transmission and demodulates signals to decode the transmitted information.
• A modem transmits data in bits per second (bps).
• It is necessary for communication between digital devices and Analog devices.
• It converts the digital signal to Analog and vice versa to communicate between devices.
• It encodes the signal and decodes at the other end and vice versa between the devices.

Modem

Modem