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> Ina linear network containing multiple independent sources, the principle of superposition allows us to compute any current or voltage in the network as the algebraic sum of the individual contributions df each source acting alone. Superposition is a linear property and does not apply to nonlinear functions such as power. » Using Thévenin’s theorem, we can replace some portion of a network at a pair of terminals with a voltage source Vee in series with a resistor Ryy. Vor is the open-circuit voltage at the terminals, and Ry is the Thévenin equiva- lent resistance obtained by looking into the terminals with all independent sources made zero. » Using Norton's theorem, we can replace some portion of a network at a pair of terminals with a current source /,. in Problems SECTION 4.1 ' prostems : 147 parallel with a resistor Rry. Jy is the short-circuit current at the terminals and Rp, is the Thévenin equivalent resistance. Source transformation permits us to replace a voltage source V in series with a resistance R by a current source 1 = V/R in parallel with the resistance R. The reverse is also true. This is an interchange relationship between Thévenin and Norton equivalent circuits. Maximum power transfer can be achieved by selecting the load R,, to be equal to Ry, found by looking into the network from the load terminals. de PSPICE with Schematic Capture is an effective tool in analyzing de circuits. 4.1 Find /, in the circuit in Fig. P4.1 using linearity and the assumption that /,, = | mA. 12k ad ako 2kn Figure P4.1 4,2 Find [, in the network in Fig. P4.2 using linearity and the assumption that /, = 1 mA. Figure P4.2 4.3 Find V, in the network in Fig. P4.3 using linearity and the assumption that V, = 1 mV. 4.4 Find V, in the circuit in Fig. P4.4 using linearity and the assumption that V, = 1 V. po oka + 6Ka 8kQ S 2x0 v, Ct) av i ba Figure P4.4 
