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Networks - Resource Management - Lecture Notes, Study notes of Human Resource Management

Alliance UniversityHuman Resource Management

Networks, Types of Networks, Local Area Network, Wide Area Network, Internal Network, External Networks, Business Partners, Virtual Private Network, Server Network, Computers and Terminals are some important points from lecture handout of Resource Management.

Typology: Study notes

2011/2012

Uploaded on 12/20/2012

devashish
devashish 🇮🇳

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Networks
Networks:
• 2 or more linked computers that allow the process of telecommunication to occur
• Telecommunication is the transfer of text, audio, video, image or other data formats to take
place.
Types of Networks
• Categorized by distance or ownership
o Distance
LAN- Local Area Network
• Group of connected computers within a short geographic distance of one
another
WAN- Wide Area Network
• Connects computers some geographic distance away from one another
• ex: connecting computers in different cities, states or countries
o Ownership
Intranet: an internal network within a company
Extranet: external networks tat connect an organization’s intranet with outside
business partners
Virtual Private Network (VPN):
• Uses public internet as its connection to remote systems
• VPN achieves privacy through encryption & authentication procedures
o Client/Server Network
Network servers that manage the networks and host applications that they share
with client computers
Two different types
• Two-tiered: client and a database server
• Three-tiered: client with little processing ability, application servers and
database servers.
Components of a Network
• Computers and Terminals
o Computers process the data in a network and send/receive data to and from terminals
o Terminals are input/output devices
• Telecommunications Channels
o Transmit data from computer to computer
o Physical transmitters
Twisted pair wire
CAT5 cable
Coaxial network cable
Fiber optic cable
o Wireless transmitters
Microwaves, infrared lights, or light pulses to transmit data
Protocol or standard for wireless technology is Wireless Application Protocol
(WAP)
• Allows a variety of wireless devices to transmit and receive web pages
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Networks

Networks:

  • 2 or more linked computers that allow the process of telecommunication to occur
  • Telecommunication is the transfer of text, audio, video, image or other data formats to take place.

Types of Networks

  • Categorized by distance or ownership o Distance  LAN- Local Area Network - Group of connected computers within a short geographic distance of one another  WAN- Wide Area Network - Connects computers some geographic distance away from one another - ex: connecting computers in different cities, states or countries o Ownership  Intranet: an internal network within a company  Extranet: external networks tat connect an organization’s intranet with outside business partners  Virtual Private Network (VPN): - Uses public internet as its connection to remote systems - VPN achieves privacy through encryption & authentication procedures o Client/Server Network  Network servers that manage the networks and host applications that they share with client computers  Two different types - Two-tiered: client and a database server - Three-tiered: client with little processing ability, application servers and database servers.

Components of a Network

  • Computers and Terminals o Computers process the data in a network and send/receive data to and from terminals o Terminals are input/output devices
  • Telecommunications Channels o Transmit data from computer to computer o Physical transmitters  Twisted pair wire  CAT5 cable  Coaxial network cable  Fiber optic cable o Wireless transmitters  Microwaves, infrared lights, or light pulses to transmit data  Protocol or standard for wireless technology is Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) - Allows a variety of wireless devices to transmit and receive web pages
  • Telecommunications Processors o Most common is modem (modulation/demodulation)  Transforms digital computer signals to analog signals that can travel over telephone lines and then back to digital signals o Digital communication networks
  • Routers & Switching Devices o Switches: connect network components and ensure messages are delivered to appropriate destinations o Routers: similar to switches but with more complex features based on protocols o Approaches to Switching  Message switching  Packet switching  Circuit switching

Risks to Networks: o Threats: o Social engineering  Use personalities and social skills to obtain info. or unauthorized access by persuading insiders to provide them with assistance  Controls:

  • Strict authorization policy for use by tech support personnel
  • Control public availability of info about employees and their contact info.
  • Train employees in social engineering tactics o Physical Infrastructure Threats  The elements  Natural disasters  Intentional human attacks o Programmed threats  Malicious program code developed by hackers/crackers  Use anti-virus software to protect against programmed threats o Denial of Service (DOS) attacks  System is tied up in such a way that it is unable to perform its funcions o Software Vulnerabilities  Programming errors  May be intentional to allow quick access for debugging software

Network Security o Network manager and Network Security Administration o Authentication o Ensuring users are who they say they are o 3 ways:  What you have  What you know  Who you are o Encryption o Scrambling or coding data so that anyone who views it will not be able to make sense of it w/o a decoder decryption key o 2 types  Secret key cryptography