Download Newest 2025 HESI Nutrition Test Bank Featuring 200 Accurate And Verified Questions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Newest 2025 HESI Nutrition Test Bank
Featuring 200 Accurate And Verified Questions
Covering Essential Topics Such As
Macronutrients And Micronutrients,
Therapeutic Diets, Nutritional Assessments,
Enteral And Parenteral Nutrition
Carl and Kate are enrolled in nutrition class together. They have become friends and spend time studying together. They decide to go to the Student Union to grab some lunch and review their notes for an upcoming exam. As they are eating, they decide that this is the perfect time to study the gastrointestinal system. Carl asks Kate to describe digestion. Kate answers his question correctly by saying "Digestion involves the breaking down of food into its components through chemical and mechanical processes." a. True b. False True Kate says to Carl, "I know what digestion is, and I understand the mechanical aspect of digestion: the part that involves muscles and nerves for the chewing and mixing of food. But I'm confused about chemical digestion." Carl explains chemical digestion correctly by stating, "It involves chemical mediators like acid, enzymes, and hormones." a. True b. False
True Kate replies, "If what you are saying is correct, then what exactly is an enzyme?" Carl says, "Well it could be described as a lot of things." Which of Carl's statements below is correct about enzymes? a. An enzyme is a chemical compound that catalyzes a biochemical reaction without being altered itself. b. An enzyme is a protein. c. An enzyme is necessary for most biochemical reactions to occur. d. All of the above e. None of the above All of the above Kate now asks Carl to give her an example of an enzyme that digests (breaks down) carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Which of Carl's statements below is correct about this? a. Amylase breaks down fat, a protease breaks down carbohydrate, and lipase breaks down protein. b. Amylase breaks down carbohydrate, a protease breaks protein, and lipase breaks down fat. c. Amylase breaks down carbohydrate, a protease breaks down fat, and lipase breaks down protein. d. Amylase breaks down carbohydrate, a protease breaks down protein, and bile breaks down fat. e. None of the above.
True Carl replies, "I think I understand passive diffusion. It is a process that is governed by a concentration gradient, but allows free entry of a substance to cross a membrane." Kate says, "Yes, you are correct." Carl then says, "I don't understand facilitated diffusion; can you explain this to me?" Which of Kate's statements below is correct about this? a. Facilitated diffusion is a process that requires a carrier protein or receptor and energy (ATP) in order to move a substance across the membrane. b. Facilitated diffusion is a process that requires only a carrier protein or a receptor in order to move a substance across the membrane. c. Facilitated diffusion is a process that is governed by a concentration gradient, but allows a substance to freely cross a membrane. d. Facilitated diffusion is a selective transport mechanism. e. Both B and D Both B and D Carl says, "Okay, now explain active transport." Which of Kate's statements below is correct about this? a. Active transport is a process that requires a carrier protein or receptor and energy (ATP) in order to move a substance across the membrane. b. Active transport is a process that requires only a carrier protein or a receptor in order to move a substance across the membrane. c. Active transport is a process that is governed by a concentration gradient, but allows a substance to freely cross a membrane.
d. Active transport is a selective transport mechanism. e. Both A and D Both A and D Carl says, "Well, the food has been digested and the nutrients absorbed; now what happens?" Kate answers Carl correctly by stating, "The fat-soluble nutrients enter blood vessels, and the water-soluble nutrients enter lymphatic vessels to be transported in the body." a. True b. False False Carl says, "Okay, so the nutrients are transported in the body. Well, what becomes of them?" Kate's says, "The cells take up the nutrients, and use them for energy production, tissue repair, or even storage. This is the point where the cell engages in anabolic or catabolic processes." Carl remarks, "What are you talking about?" Kate says, "You know, anabolism or catabolism." Carl says, "I must have missed that lecture. Can you give me some examples of this?" Kate says, "Sure, but I don't know if I fully understand it either." Kate is correct when she says, "Digestion is an anabolic process." a. True b. False False Kate is correct when she says, "The hydrolysis of glycogen is an anabolic process."
Kate says, "Enough about my lunch. Let's talk about your greasy, all-beef hamburger. You know I'm starting to like you, and I'm becoming concerned about your diet. Haven't you learned anything this semester about nutrition?" Carl says, "Yeah, well, I have. I just like this kind of food; hamburgers, fries, milkshakes. I guess I have a high-saturated fat diet." Kate says, "I think so." Carl says, "You know there are some good things about this hamburger." Kate replies, "Well why don't you share them with me." Which of Carl's responses below would be correct? a. The hamburger provides complete protein. b. The hamburger helps prevent kwashiorkor. c. The hamburger bun provides a source of complex carbohydrate. d. All of the above e. None of the above The hamburger bun provides a source of complex carbohydrate. Kate replies, "Well you may be right about that, but don't you know that you could be at risk for heart disease if you keep eating high-saturated fat foods?" Kate proceeds to tell Carl about other risk factors for heart disease. Which of Kate's statements below would be correct about this? a. "Carl, You're a male, and therefore have a higher risk for heart disease early in life." b. "Carl, You are physically inactive, and this puts you at risk for heart disease." c. "Carl, I don't know what your total blood cholesterol level is, but if it's greater than 240 mg/dL, you would be considered at risk for heart disease."
d. "Carl, I've never seen you smoke cigarettes, but if you did this would put you at risk for heart disease." e. All of the above All of the above Kate then says, "You know, there are other dietary practices that can function in heart disease." Carl asks, "Like what?" Which of Kate's answers below would be correct about this? a. Antioxidant nutrients like vitamin C, vitamin E, and vitamin A in the form of beta-carotene protect against heart disease by preventing the oxidation of LDL cholesterol. b. The trans fatty acids found in fish are beneficial for preventing heart disease. c. Omega-3 fatty acids, which are formed in the hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fats from plant oils, contribute to heart disease. d. A high folate consumption causes high blood levels of homocysteine, which is beneficial in the prevention of heart disease. e. All of the above After their meal, Kate expresses an urgency to use the restroom. Carl remarks, "Excretion so soon?" Kate runs off in a hurry. In the restroom, she experiences diarrhea. What most likely caused this? a. The cheese caused it because she is allergic to lactose. b. The cheese caused it because she has inherited lactose intolerance. c. The carrot caused it because of the abundance of the antioxidant beta- carotene.
it increases, but then insulin is released from the pancreas and causes the blood sugar level to decrease. When Carl's pancreas releases insulin into the blood stream, the insulin sends a hormonal signal to the liver and muscle cells that result in the synthesis of glycogen. Carl is correct in thinking that "Insulin has an anabolic effect." a. True b. False True Kate returns to the table and says, "While I was gone, I was thinking about allergies, antibodies, and antigens. I am so confused about this. Can you explain it to me?" Which of Carl's statements is correct about an allergy? a. An allergy is a hormone that elicits antibody production in the body. b. An allergy is derived from polyunsaturated fats and causes anti-inflammatory responses. c. An allergy is an immune reaction to a foreign substance or antigen. d. An allergy is a chemical opposite of a gene, which adheres to the native working gene and keeps it from producing protein. e. An allergy is a large circulating carbohydrate produced by the immune system in response to an invasion by a foreign substance. An allergy is an immune reaction to a foreign substance or antigen. Which of Carl's statements is correct about an antibody? a. An antibody is a hormone that elicits carbohydrate production in the body. b. An antibody is an allergic reaction to a foreign substance or allergen. c. An antibody is a chemical opposite of a gene, which adheres to the native
working gene and keeps it from producing protein. d. An antibody is derived from polyunsaturated fats and is anti-inflammatory. e. An antibody is a large circulating protein produced by the immune system in response to an invasion by a foreign substance. An antibody is a large circulating protein produced by the immune system in response to an invasion by a foreign substance. Which of Carl's statements is correct about an antigen? a. An antigen is derived from polyunsaturated fats and is anti-inflammatory. b. An antigen is a large circulating protein produced by the immune system in response to an invasion by foreign substance. c. An antigen is usually a protein that elicits antibody production in the body. d. An antigen is an immune reaction to a foreign substance or allergen. e. An antigen is a chemical opposite of a gene, which adheres to the native working gene and keeps it from producing protein. An antigen is usually a protein that elicits antibody production in the body. A person with which of the following diseases or conditions would benefit specifically from increasing soluble fiber intake? a. Colorectal cancer risk b. Diverticulosis c. Constipation d. Heart disease e. All of the above Fiber can bind to and block the absorption of: a. Fat-soluble vitamins.
d. Apple e. Pasta Apple Which of the following lipoprotein fractions carries predominately triglycerides? a. VLDL b. LDL c. HDL d. IDL e. None of the above VLDL Which of the following is true regarding the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet? a. Protein intake should be 25% of Calories. b. Carbohydrate intake should be as low as possible. c. Saturated fatty acid intake should be less than 10% of Calories. d. Plant stanol/sterol intake should be 2 g/day. e. Dietary cholesterol intake should be less than 300 mg/dL. Plant stanol/sterol intake should be 2 g/day. The protein from which food source may reduce atherosclerosis? a. Fruit b. Grains c. Milk d. Soy e. All of the above
Which of the following dietary scenarios would most likely contribute to cancer? a. High saturated fatty acid intake b. High polyunsaturated fatty acid intake c. High monounsaturated fatty acid intake d. Both B and C e. None of the above Which of the following is true regarding proteins inside the body? a. DNA is directly translated to functional proteins. b. Heat efficiently digests protein. c. Synthesized proteins are of two basic types: fibrous and globular. d. Proteins are made by combining up to 10 different amino acids. e. Protein digestion typically precedes protein denaturation. Synthesized proteins are of two basic types: fibrous and globular. Cis is the natural configuration of hydrogen positions on the carbon molecules in the double bond of unsaturated fatty acids. a. True b. False True Consuming enough omega-3 fatty acids positively affect heart health by increasing HDL and decreasing LDL cholesterol levels. a. True b. False True
Increases disease risk. An LDL cholesterol measurement of 185 mg/dL: a. Is optimal. b. Increases disease risk. Increases disease risk. A total cholesterol measurement of 170 mg/dL: a. Is optimal. b. Increases disease risk. Is optimal. Hypoglycemia means: a. Carcinogenesis. b. Photosynthesis. c. mRNA translation. d. Low blood sugar. e. Vitamin C. Low blood sugar. Protein synthesis requires: a. Carcinogenesis. b. Vitamin C. c. mRNA translation. d. Low blood sugar. e. Photosynthesis. mRNA translation.
The collective name for initiation, promotion, and progression is: a. mRNA translation. b. Vitamin C. c. Photosynthesis. d. Carcinogenesis. e. Low blood sugar. Carcinogenesis. One water-soluble antioxidant is: a. mRNA translation. b. Low blood sugar. c. Carcinogenesis. d. Vitamin C. e. Photosynthesis. Vitamin C. The process by which plants make carbohydrates is called: a. Carcinogenesis. b. Vitamin C. c. mRNA translation. d. Low blood sugar. e. Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis. The liver produces enzymes that aid in digestion. True False
Saturated Which of the following is true about fiber? It provides 4 Calories per gram It decreases gastric emptying time It decreases transit time It decreases stool volume All of the above It decreases transit time Which food source below provides the most dietary fiber? Lettuce Orange Juice Cornflakes Melon Legumes Legumes Which tissue is dependent upon glucose as an energy source? Liver Pancreas Heart Brain Bone Brain Cancer is characterized by: Uncontrolled cell growth
Autoimmunity Cell suicide Atherosclerosis Hypertension Uncontrolled cell growth Which organ is responsible for the release of sodium bicarbonate, a chemical needed to neutralize stomach acid? The stomach The Duodenum The Liver The Gallbladder The Pancreas The Pancreas Which of the following is known as an accessory organ in the digestive process? The Heart The Duodenum The Kidney The Gallbladder The Lungs The Gallbladder What happens mostly in the large intestine (colon)? Vitamins and minerals are absorbed Water is absorbed Amino acids are absorbed
