Download NFDN 2005 FINAL EXAM and more Exams Medicine in PDF only on Docsity!
NFDN 2005 FINAL EXAM
What is a special consideration when applying burn ointments - ANSWERS-Wait until he burn is cool - contains oils that will increase the burn Nursing care for spinal cord injuries - ANSWERS-C-Spine protocol Osmotic Diuretics Spinal Sign and Vital sign monitoring Causes of poisoning in children - ANSWERS-Ingestion Absorbtion Inhalation Injection Call poison control Near drowning - ANSWERS-Damage to the lungs due to water - can lead to hypoxia and brain injury What is the best prevention of drowning? - ANSWERS-Water safety and education. Kids cabin drown in any amount of water no matter how little Sprain - ANSWERS-Ligament injury (treated with RICE)
Strain - ANSWERS-Tendon injury (treated with RICE) Appropriate diet for Fractured bones - ANSWERS-Rich with vitamin D and Protein Traeatment for juvenile arthritis - ANSWERS-NSAIDs and DMARDs Osteomyelitis - ANSWERS-Infection of the bone and marrow caused by injury or surgery Treatment for osteomyelitis - ANSWERS-Extensive IV antibiotic Therapy - may move to PO Antibiotics after 1 week Cerebral Palsy - ANSWERS-Brain injury caused by hypoxic brain injury at or shortly after birth Does not worsen with time Types of seizures - Tonic-Clonic - ANSWERS-Typical seizures Types of Seizures - Absense - ANSWERS-ZOned out Types of Seizures - Complex Partial - ANSWERS-Involuntary repetative movements
Strabismus - ANSWERS-Crossed eyes Ptosis - ANSWERS-Drooping eye Amblyopia - ANSWERS-Lazy eye Causes of conjunctivitis - ANSWERS-Bacterial, viral, allergic Stye - ANSWERS-Infected hair follicle - not an issue unless it is affecting vision FASD face indicators - ANSWERS-Small eye opening, smooth philtrum, thin upper lip FASD consequences - ANSWERS-Behavioural issues and blindness Autism Spectrum Disorder - ANSWERS-Developmental disorders characterized by sensory and communication issues
- sensitive to stimuli (sensory overload)
- obsessive focus
- inability to respond with empathy
- very literal Asperger's Syndrome - ANSWERS-Behavioral syndrome characterized by varying degrees of difficulty in social and
conversational skills but normal-to-above-average intelligence and language development; often accompanied by obsessive preoccupation with particular topics or routines. ADHD indicators - ANSWERS-inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity Not associated with a low IQ ADHD management - ANSWERS-CNS Stimulant (Ritalin) Structure and Routine Still require discpline Tic Disorders - ANSWERS-Repetitive disorders and movements, inappropriate language or sounds Tourette's Syndrome - ANSWERS-Both Phonic and Motor tics present for a minimum of 1 year What is helpful with helping with tic disorders? - ANSWERS-GUM Anorexia Nervosa - ANSWERS-Starvation due to disturbed body image Bulemia - ANSWERS-Binging & Purging
Until what age should infants have breastmilk/formula - ANSWERS- 1 year of age Best method in feeding toddlers - ANSWERS-Choices & self feeding Canada's Food Guide - Fruits and Veggies - ANSWERS-#1 4 - 8 servings Canada's Food Guide - Breads & Cereals - ANSWERS-#2 3 - 7 servings Canada's Food Guide - Milk and Alternatives - ANSWERS-#3 2 - 3 servings for young children // 3-4 servings for adolescents Canada's Food Guide - Meat products - ANSWERS-#4 1 - 3 servings Physical Abuse Indicators - ANSWERS-Bruises/burns in unusual places/ patterns // bite marks Shaken baby syndrome indicator - ANSWERS-Bursted eye vessles Emotional Abuse Indicators - ANSWERS-Behavioural issues Sexual abuse indicators - ANSWERS-Scared of you, other people
What do you do if you suspect child abuse in a patient - ANSWERS- DO NOT leaving the child alone with the parent. DO NOT confront the parent of child. Report. What type of communication do you use with children - ANSWERS- Language that is at their developmental level - language they can understand What is the first question you ask upon arrival - ANSWERS-What brought them in today/ what is the problem In a head to to assessment, what do we leave until the very last - ANSWERS-Invasive procedures - ears, nose, throat Normal Child Temperature - ANSWERS-35.8-37. Normal Child Heart Rate - ANSWERS- 110 - 160 Normal Child Respirations - ANSWERS- 40 - 60 neonates//20- 40 otherwise Normal Child Blood Pressure - ANSWERS-Systolic - 70 + (agex2) — — take BP last
What is the nursing role with a palliative patient - ANSWERS-1. Support the patient (Pain Management) 2. Support the family Vulnerable child syndrome - ANSWERS-A clinical state in which the parents reactions to a serious illness or event in the child's past continue to have a long-term psychologically harmful effects on the child and parents for many years Can lead to the child being neglected Stems from anticipatory grief How often do you have to monitor the IV site in a child - ANSWERS- q1h What assessment do you have to do when administering IV meds/fluids - ANSWERS-Respiratory Assessment. - risk for fluid overload (crackles) cleft lip and palate - ANSWERS-congenital split of the lip and roof of the mouth Lip repaired at 10 weeks // palate repaired at 3 - 6 months
What is the best position for a child to be in for an effective outcome with Bryants Traction - ANSWERS-Lying on their back with hips off of the bed Hip Dysplasia - ANSWERS-Hip does not develop properly in children Treated with a brace, spica cast or surgery talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) - ANSWERS-Foot is malpositioned due to shortened tendons Anencephaly - ANSWERS-congenital deformity in which some or all of fetal brain is missing Spina Bifida - ANSWERS-a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it Hydrocephalus - ANSWERS-abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain V/P shunt is inserted to redirect the fluid Measles - ANSWERS-Viral koplick's spots Isolate if expected
Turners Syndrome (XO) - ANSWERS-short, sterile. caused by nondisjunction, loss of an X chromosome early in embryonic development, deletion of part of one X chromosome Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) - ANSWERS-an extra X chromosome causes physical abnormalities in males (looks female, cognitive deficiencies) Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13) - ANSWERS-Characterized by severe intellectual disability, a small head, sloping forehead, small eyes, cleft lip and palate, extra fingers and toes, and other disabilities; results from the presence of three copies of chromosome 13. Poor prognosis Edwards Syndrome (Trisomy 18) - ANSWERS-have small jaws, small eyes, and malfored low set ears. They also have rocker bottom feet (also seen in Patau). But the key buzzword is clenched hands with overlapping fingers. Poor prognosis Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) - ANSWERS-A genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome
Short stature, obesity, predisposed to leukemia and testicular cancer, thick tongue, cognitive and heart defects Fragile X Syndrome - ANSWERS-a disorder produced by injury to a gene on the X chromosome, producing mild to moderate mental retardation Scarlet Fever - ANSWERS-Bacterial infection caused by Streptococcus Impetigo - ANSWERS-bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture pertussis - ANSWERS-whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis What is the biggest risk with excessive Diarrhea and vomiting? - ANSWERS-Dehydration Why are children more susceptible to dehydration? - ANSWERS- They have more extracellular fluid than adults and can lose a lot of fluid very quickly What does diarrhea do to the body? - ANSWERS-Puts it into metabolic acidosis
Nephrotic Syndrome - ANSWERS-Autoimmune disorder characterized by proteinuria and severe edema to the upper extremites What is the nursing intervention for nephrotic syndrome - ANSWERS-Elevate the extremities Acites - ANSWERS-build up of fluid in abdomen - in liver failure and nephrotic syndrome Hydrocele - ANSWERS-Fluid filled sac in the sacrum Varicocele - ANSWERS-Varicose veins in the scrotum Hypospadias - ANSWERS-Urethral opening is on the bottom of the penis shaft Phimosis - ANSWERS-Tight foreskin Cryptorchidism - ANSWERS-undescended testicles - can be one or both Amenorrhea - ANSWERS-absence of menstruation Menorhagia - ANSWERS-excessive bleeding during menstruation
Metrorrhagia - ANSWERS-bleeding from the uterus at any time other than normal menstruation Dysmenorrhea - ANSWERS-painful menstruation Precocious Puberty Girls - ANSWERS-Breast development prior to age 7, pubic hair prior to age 8, onset of menses prior to age 10 Precocious Puberty Boys - ANSWERS-Genital enlargement prior to age 9 Nursing care required for Precocious puberty - ANSWERS-Emotional support - can be traumatizing for the children to be sexually mature but emotionally immature Causes of delayed puberty - ANSWERS-Hormone imbalances or lack of reproductive organs Causes of precocious puberty - ANSWERS-Benign pituitary tumor Delayed puberty - Girls - ANSWERS- 16 years with no development Croup - ANSWERS-an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough
Cystic Fibrosis - ANSWERS-Emetic recessive disorder causing abnormal chloride channels leading to an excess of mucous buildup Treatment for Cystic fibrosis - ANSWERS-1. Lung transplant
- Chest physio
- Pancreatic Enzymes What organs are affected by CF? - ANSWERS-Lungs, Pancreas and vas deferens (males are usually sterile) Heart disease in children - ANSWERS-Poor feeding can be indicative of heart disease Tetralogy of Fallot - ANSWERS-"Tet" or "Blue" spells indicating Heart Disease Rheumatic Fever - ANSWERS-A disease that effects the heart, brain, joints and skin. It starts if strep throat or scarlet fever (Streptococcus) goes untreated Rheumatic fever Symptoms - ANSWERS-J - Joints (arthritis) ♡ - carditis N - Nodules (subcutaneous) E - Erythema
S - Sydenham's Chorea (involuntary muscle movements) Twitching Jerking Muscle Weakness Rheumatic Fever Complications - ANSWERS-Carditis and heart disease, valve stenosis, valve regurgitation Kawasaki Disease - ANSWERS-Blood vessels in the body become inflamed ONLY TIME WE GIVE ASA TO CHILDREN - prevention of an embolism Sickle Cell Anemia - ANSWERS-Hemoglobin S instead of Hemoglobin A Blood cells get "stuck" because of their sickle shape and can cause extreme pain Sickle Cell crisis - ANSWERS-Blood cells get "stuck" because of their sickle shape and can cause extreme pain Occurs during illnesses Hemophilia - ANSWERS-Bleeding disorder - clotting factor deficiency
