NFPT Exam Study Guide Rated A, Exams of Nursing

Download NFPT Exam Study Guide Rated A and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NFPT Exam Study Guide Rated A

The five components of physical health - Cardiorespiratory conditioning, muscular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, body composition SPICES - Social health, physical health, intellectual Health, cognitive health, emotional health, spiritual health Cardiorespiratory conditioning - Endurance Muscular endurance - The amount of strength that can be repeated several times Muscular strength - The amount of strength in one repetition Flexibility - The range of motion in given joints Body composition - The amount of body fat relative to the total weight or as compared to the lean mass What are three additional factors that are specific to the fitness regimens of athletes and sports teams? - Agility, speed and Mobility Intellectual health - The capacity to assimilate and integrate new information into one's thinking and thought processes Cognitive health - Often grouped with mental health as it has mostly to do with how we process information in the brain. It includes the way we see, or conceptualized, the world around it includes brain functioning in the areas of conceptual and perceptual skill, language learning as well as many other brain development functions Emotional health - Includes self-esteem, self-awareness, self-acceptance, self-image and our capacities to deal with adversity and stress. This includes our ability to intimate, not just sexual, with a significant other. Spiritual health - This is focused on the connection of ourselves with a higher power, a sense of purpose, self-actualization, and an inner Joy. It is often described as self- acceptance, repentance for misdeeds, a willingness to give to and forgive others and a desire to seek peace with the community and World overall Why is it important to touch on all things spices related as a personal trainer? - Think about it and perhaps write a blog post

In muscle groups, when one group pulls the other group pulls back and as one team pulls the other team relaxes. True or false? - True What are the three muscle types? - Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles What are the two subtypes of muscles? - Involuntary and voluntary How many muscles are voluntary and how many bones do they control? - 430 of our muscles are voluntary controlling 206 bones Which type of muscles are voluntary? - Skeletal muscles Which type of muscles are involuntary? - Smooth and cardiac which include the cardio vascular tissue comma heart and blood vessels, and the lining of the intestinal and respiratory tracts What internal system supplies muscles with the necessary oxygen and nutrients to survive? - The cardiorespiratory system How many bones are in the adult body? - 206. We are born with 350 What are the five major functions of the skeleton? - Protect vital internal organs; Sports our bodies framework, giving us an upright vertical shape; produces red and white blood cells in the bone marrow; stores minerals and fats; regulates mineral balance, releases minerals into the blood as needed What is the largest bone in the body? - The femur, located in the top half of the leg it allows us to walk What are the rounded nodules, or outgrowths, on bones that generally act as sites for muscle insertions? - Tubercles; for example, the tibial tuberosity creates an attachment point for the patellar ligament What is a joint? - A joint is the location at which two or more bones come together for movement and mechanical support What is a ligament? - Strong stretchy bands of fibrous tissue that hold joints together What is cartilage? - Cartilage covers the ends of each bone and is a tough flexible connective tissue that has a smooth, shiny surface What is the name of the thin film of slippery fluid located between bones? - Synovial fluid, keeps the bones from scratching and bumping against each other during movement Tendon - Connects muscle to bone

Ligament - Connects bone to bone How many liters of blood does the human body contain? - 4 - 5 liters Blood is the transport system by which oxygen and nutrients reach the body cells and waste materials are carried away. True or false? - True Define hormones - The regulatory substances transported in tissue fluids for stimulating specific cells that control the specific body process On which side of the heart does blood enter and what color is it - Blood enters on the right side of the heart and is dark red almost bluish and is low in oxygen Blood travels from the right side of the heart along pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where it received fresh supplies of oxygen and becomes bright red period it then flows along pulmonary veins to the heart's left side pump. Blood then leaves the left side of the heart and travels to the rest of the body through arteries, going away from the heart, that gradually divide into capillaries. - This is the circulatory system In relation to the heart, blood travels in which direction through arteries? - Away from the heart In relation to the heart, blood travels in which direction through veins? - Toward the heart What occurs in the capillaries? - Food and oxygen are released to the body's cells, and carbon dioxide and other waste products are returned to the bloodstream. After which the blood travels through veins back to the heart and whole process starts again When we breathe the body takes in oxygen and removes what? - Carbon dioxide What is the technical term for the windpipe and what purpose does it serve

• Trachea, allows passage of air into the lungs What is the name for the tubes that carry air into each lung - Bronchi Bronchi divide into even smaller tubes called what - Bronchioles What is the name for the small air sacs located at the end of each bronchiole and which I wrapped up by the capillaries - Alveoli What is the respiratory system - The body system that deals with breathing Our breathing process is controlled by which muscle - The diaphragm which is located in the Torso underneath the lungs

Liver - Blood from the intestines flows to the liver, carrying nutrients comma vitamins and minerals, and other products from digestion. The liver stores some nutrients, changes them from one form to another, and then releases them into the blood according to the activities and bodily needs Large intestine - Useful substances in The Leftovers, such as spare water and minerals, are absorbed through the walls of the large intestine and back into the bloodstream. The remains are formed into semi solid waste product, feces, to be removed from the body Rectum and Anus - The end of the large intestine comma the rectum, stores the feces which are squeezed through a ring of muscle, the anus, and out of the body List some of the body's defense mechanisms from bad germs - The skin, the linings of the respiratory and digestive passageways, the blood-clotting process, the white cells and other substances in the blood, the thymus gland in the chest, and a small lymph nodes or glands are located throughout the body What is the job of the white blood cells in regards to the body's immune system - White cells attack any germs that are present in the body. Where are white cells located as far as our immune system - Lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen, tonsils and adenoids Lymph nodes - Act as filters or germ traps. They contain billions of white blood cells which multiply rapidly to fight off invading pathogens Thymus gland - Located in front of the heart and behind the sternum. It produces and educates to cell. T cells are orchestrated in the thymus for the purpose of attacking foreign substances and responding to infected cells. The thymus is larger and most active during childhood and puberty Spleen - Located just behind the stomach on the left side. It makes in stores various kinds of white and red blood cells. It works to decrease susceptibility and fight off infection Tonsils and adenoids - These help to destroy foreign substances that are breathing or swallowed. Adenoids are located at the rear of the nasal cavity where the nose and throat meet. Tonsils are patches of lymph tissue at the upper rear part of the throat Endocrine system - Similar to the nervous system, but it's made up of glands that mainly use hormones as information channels. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream Glands - Located in many regions of the body release chemical Messengers called hormones into the bloodstream. Hormones transport signals from one cell to another,

for the purpose of generating a specific response, regulating the varied functions of an organism, such as, mood, sleep, growth, development, and metabolism Homeostasis - The regulating and stabilizing of the body's internal properties. Pituitary gland - It's at the junction where the nervous system and the endocrine system come together at the hypothalamus. The gland is attached to the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain and secretes hormones that affect and control functions like skeletal growth, development of sex glands, blood pressure and pain relief, and the stimulating functions of other endocrine glands Thyroid gland - Controls how quickly the body uses energy and regulates metabolism Adrenal gland - Synthesizes and releases hormones in response to stress, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline Pineal gland - Produces the hormone melatonin which stimulates and affects our sleep and daily rhythmic patterns Exocrine glands - Such as salivary glands, sweat glands glands within the gastrointestinal tract excrete their product to an external environment by way of ducts Anterior - Front of the body Posterior - Back of the body Superior - Upper part of the body Inferior - Lower part of the body Proximal - Closest to the point of origin from the center of the body Lateral - Away from the middle of the body Distal - Furthest from the point of origin from the center of the body Medial - Towards the middle of the body Bilateral - Both sides of the body Unilateral - One side of the body Deep muscle - Toward the inner body Superficial - Toward the outer surface

Pronation - Palm of hand turning downward into a posterior position when arm is down at side. The inward roll of the foot / arch decreased during normal walking motion Supination - Palm of hand turning upward into an anterior position when arm is down inside. The outward roll of the foot, underpronation / arch heightened during normal walking motion Inversion - Turning both feet inward so the soles face each other Eversion - Turning both feet outward so these soles face away from each other Dorsiflexion - Ankle pointing foot up towards the shin Plantarflexion - Ankle pointing foot downward What are the four main types of muscle contraction - Isometric, isokinetic, isotonic concentric and isotonic eccentric What is the purpose of muscle contraction - They allow for the given muscle to perform work and move within its range of motion Range of motion - The degree of freedom for which a joint can move through Isometric contraction - The load on the muscle is greater than the generated tension, results in no movement taking place Isokinetic contraction - The muscle contracts and shortens at a constant rate of speed, allows the muscle to gain strength evenly all through the entire range of motion. This is the quickest method for increasing muscle strength but requires equipment that increases the load as it senses the contractions speeding up Isotonic contractions - The load on the muscle is less than the generate attention and results in movement taking place tension is developed and mechanical work can be done Isotonic Concentric contraction - Causes the muscle to decrease / shorten in length and the angle of the joint to decrease. This is referred to as the positive part of a repetition. It brings the involved bones together. This is usually an active and voluntary action resulting in movement What is the concentric phase in a squat chest press and lat pull - Squat- standing up Chest press- lowering the bar Latin pull- pulling the bar down Isotonic eccentric contraction - Causes the muscle to increase /lengthen in length and the angle of the joint to increase. This action is referred to as the negative part of a

repetition where they control the resistance is returned to the starting position of an exercise. This can be either voluntary in order to stimulate adaptation or involuntary in order to protect the joint What is The Eccentric contraction in a squat chest press and lat pull - Squat- lowering down Chest press- pushing the bar up Lat pull- letting the bar go back up What are the four planes of motion - Sagittal, frontal, transverse, parasagittal What is the sagittal plane of motion and what exercises take place here - This divides the left and right side. The motions include flexion and extension such a squat, lunge, walking, running, arm curls What is the frontal plane of motion and what exercises take place here - This divides the anterior from the posterior. The motions include abduction and adduction for example lateral raise, pull downs, side bends, military press homicide squats, jumping jacks , skater lunge What is the transverse plane of motion and what exercises take place here - Divides the inferior from the superior parts of the body. Motions include internal rotation and external rotation including rotation at the waist for example swinging a golf club or baseball bat Oblique - Describe the diagonal movement, or a hybrid / combination of two planes. Internal rotation - Also medial rotation, occurs when it rotates inward. During a military or shoulder press, you would be internally rotating the scapula External rotation - Occurs when the anterior aspect rotates outward. During a lat pull the scapula are being externally rotated Pronation and supination - Occur at the elbow to rotate the wrist or the ankle to rotate the foot. Pronation is turning the palm from the anatomical position to face backward. Turning the Palm forward is supination. Protraction and retraction - Projection is movement anteriorly in the transverse plane. During a seated row as the person pulls the handle back towards the thorax they are retracting their scapula Gliding - Is the motion in any direction of two articulating surfaces sliding past one another. This occurs in the carpal bones of the hands and tarsal bones of the feet and also between the clavicle and sternum Another name for a joint is - Articulation

What is the acromioclavicular joint - A gliding type synovial joint the other end of the clavicle that articulates with the scapula What is the glenohumeral joint - A ball-and-socket joint with multiaxial movement. It is the place where the humerus joins the scapula Where is the humerus bone located - Is the upper arm bone What is the clavicle - Also known as the collarbone What is the scapula - Known as the shoulder blade. They are secured to the axial skeleton by multiple muscles exerting multiple lines of pull What is a saddle joint - The permits movement in two planes / axes of movement it allows for flexion, extension, action, abduction and circumduction. It has a small amount of rotational movement What is a pivot joint - They have similar Mobility to a ball-and-socket joint and they are also known as cylindrical joints Knee joint facts - Largest joint in the human body Kama it is comprised of articulations at 3 long bones the femur the tibia and the fibula, Femur facts - Connected to two parallel floor lamp Bones the tibia and the fibula Tibia and fibula facts - These are the bones of the lower leg, the tibia is larger than the fibula medial to the fibula. The tibia articulates at the proximal end with the femur and at the distal end with the talus bone in the ankle. The Joint between the tibia and femur is known as the tibiofemoral joint. The head of the fibula, or the proximal end, articulates with the tibia just below the level of the knee joint. The distal end of the fibula articulates with the talus bone of the foot Tibiofemoral joint - Located between the flat surface of the tibia in the condyles of the femur, with the patella in front of it Patella - Also known as the kneecap. This is a sesamoid bone that is seated in the patellar quadriceps tendon. The tendon attaches on the tibia at the tibial tuberosity. The patella helps to resist the stress that is placed on the patellar tendon during movement of the knee. What is the prime movement of the knee joint - Flexion and extension, or bending and straightening the leg What type of joint is the knee joint - Hinge but it also includes condyloid joints of the tibial femoral and it partly gliding joint of the patella femoral joint

Which muscle in the knee laterally rotates the femur and the tibia, unlocking the meat and movements that require flexing the leg or bending the knee - Popliteus What are the three supportive structures of the knee - The collateral ligaments, the cruciate ligaments, and the menisci Define ACL and PCL - Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments respectively. The ACL resist hyperextension in the PCL resists hyperflexion. Injuries in sports or most likely to originate from the lateral side therefore damaging the ACL Define menisci - There are two in each need the medial and lateral menisci are then cartilage in the knee. They provide for cushioning at the Joint services for the femur and tibia What is the purpose of the medial collateral ligament and the lateral collateral ligament - These ligaments resist lateral and medial displacement and rotation. They attach the femur to the tibia What two bones make up the forearm and connect to the wrist joint - The radius and the ulna Name the primary wrist joint - The radiocarpal Name the joint Leona and radius form - Radioulnar joint; this is a distal joint and is a pivot type synovial. The bump at the end of the wrist is the head of the ulna bone Name the ankle joint - Talocrural; hinge joint with movement in only one plane 3 bones join together to make the talocrural joint - The palace, the tibia and the fibula What are the only two motions that can occur directly at the talocrural joint - Plantarflexion and dorsiflexion The tibia and fibula are joined by what ligaments - Tibiofibular which produced a socket that the body of the talus fits snugly into What is the subtalar joint - It is where the talus and the calcaneus meat. It allows for inversion and eversion of the foot What are the three joints that make up the shoulder complex - Acromioclavicular comma glenohumeral, and scapula What does the acromioclavicular joint allow in the shoulder movement - Elevation and depression

In a concentric contraction the muscles that are shortening are The Agonist - True during the eccentric contraction, the muscles that are lengthening are the Agonist - True What is an antagonist muscle - Text to return a limit to its original place they oppose the movement of The Agonist What are antagonist muscle examples - Pectorals to latissimus dorsi, anterior and posterior deltoids, left and right external obliques, quadriceps to hamstrings, biceps and triceps, forearm flexors to forearm extensors What is a synergist muscle - It neutralizes the extra motion from The Agonist and are sometimes referred to as neutralizers, they make sure that the force of the movement is acceptable for the desired plane of motion What is a fixator muscle - It provides stabilization to support the rest of the body during their respective movement and is sometimes referred to as stabilizer What are the prime mover movers of the chest press - Pectoralis Major which are critical to the pushing movements of the upper body and function primarily to adduct, flex and medially rotate the arm at the shoulder joint. Pectoralis minor - Originates at 3rd 4th and 5th ribs and inserts at Superior Service / medial portion of the character a process of the scapula. The main function is to do press and protract the scapula. A good exercise for this muscle are dips Deltoids - These are shoulder muscles stretching from the clavicle to the humerus and they are made up of three parts the anterior lateral and posterior deltoids. They are the prime movers for arm abduction and originate through the anterior border / lateral part of the clavicle around through the upper part / posterior border of the scapula and they insert together at the middle / anterior surface of the humerus. They work with the chest and back muscles for abduction and adduction of the humerus and for extension and flexion of the shoulder joint at the humorous. They also assist the chest muscles while working for overhead pushing movements. What is a good exercise for the deltoids - Anterior and lateral raises and shoulder presses Rotator cuff - Located beneath the deltoids and as a group of four muscles that originated from the scapula and connect to the head of the humerus. They act to support the arm keeping the head of the humerus family and its shoulder socket during movements of the muscles at the shoulder joint

What are the four muscles of the rotator cuff - Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

What are the Calves - Two muscles-gastrocnemius and the soleus. Both insert into the cacaneus (heel bone). Gatrocnemius are superficial and originate from the femur. The soleus is the deep muscle that originates from the superior posterior area of the tibia. What is the primary function for the gluteus maximus - Hip extension What is the primary function for the gluteus medius and minimus - Hip abduction