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NHCO Phlebotomy EXAM 2025–2026 Accurate
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Which of the following is the best indication that a patient might be at risk of syncope?
a. Involuntary movement b. Lightheadedness and shallow breath c. Small red spots appearing on skin d. Paleness and sweating - answer>>>d. Paleness and sweating
Why is it important for a phlebotomist to invert anticoagulant tubes?
a. To prevent a pH imbalance b. To prevent hemolysis c. To ensure proper mixing of blood and additive d. To prevent hemoconcentration - answer>>>c. To ensure proper mixing of blood and additive
Which of the following protects a patient's information?
a. OSHA b. HIPPA c. The Joint Commission d. AAHSA - answer>>>b. HIPPA
Which of the following needle sizes is NOT used for laboratory assays but for collection of donor units of blood?
a. 18-gauge b. 23-gague c. 21-gague d. 22-gague - answer>>>a. 18-gauge
How many minutes within collection of a urine sample should the phlebotomist take the temperature of the specimen?
a. Within 10 minutes b. Within 45 minutes c. Within 30 seconds d. Within 4 minutes - answer>>>d. Within 4 minutes
Quality control checklists ensure machines are inspected for compliance at time intervals specific to the equipment and ________.
a. Clinical application b. Chemical measurement c. Expiration date d. Stock rotation - answer>>>a. Clinical application
Which of the following actions will most likely prevent a needle stick injury?
a. Having a nurse or other healthcare team member dispose of used needles for the phlebotomist
a. Sodium polyanethole sulfonate (SPS) b. Sodium heparin c. Potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) d. Acid citrate dextrose (ACD) - answer>>>c. Potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
If a patient verbally or physically refuses a venipuncture procedure, the phlebotomist should do which of the following?
a. The phlebotomist should inform the patient that they will still be reasonable to pay for the procedure. b. The phlebotomist should re-explain the procedure in case the patient did not understand. c. The phlebotomist should inform the patient that they will need to reschedule their appointment. d. The phlebotomist should immediately report the refusal and actions taken to their supervisor. - answer>>>d. The phlebotomist should immediately report the refusal and actions taken to their supervisor.
What is the recommended allowance for a total volume of blood drawn from a patient within a 24-hr period?
a. 0.05% - 1% b. 1% - 5% c. 5% - 7% d. 10% - answer>>>b. 1% - 5%
Which of the following is the proper way a phlebotomist should dispose of a needle?
a. The phlebotomist should recap it with the original white lid with the opposite hand and put it in a sharps container. b. The phlebotomist should throw it, recapped, into a biohazard bag. c. The phlebotomist should put it into a sharps container, SAFETY CAPPED, after withdrawing it from the patient's arm. d. The phlebotomist should collect them in a cup for disposal at the end of the day. - answer>>>c. The phlebotomist should put it into a sharps container, SAFETY CAPPED, after withdrawing it from the patient's arm.
When drawing blood from a patient who has a contagious pathogen, like COVID-19, which PPE provides the best protection for a phlebotomist?
a. Surgical mask b. Gown c. Double gloves d. Respirator - answer>>>a. Surgical mask
How should vitamin B6 be transported in order to protect its photosensitive nature?
a. It should be transported on ice b. It should be transported at room temperature, no additional precaution needed c. It should be transported in an air-tight container, no additional precaution needed d. It should be transported in an amber or brown-colored biohazard bag - answer>>>d. It should be transported in an amber or brown-colored biohazard bag
Before asking permission to obtain a specimen from a patient, a phlebotomist should:
a. The phlebotomist should introduce themselves to the patient and any healthcare team members in the room
a. 8 to 10 times b. 2 to 6 times c. 3 to 4 times d. 6 to 8 times - answer>>>a. 8 to 10 times
Which step of the blood draw should be done right before removing the needle from a patient's arm?
a. Inverting all the tubes used in the procedure b. Getting a bandage ready for the patient c. Re-anchoring of the skin below the draw site d. Asking the patient to open their fist - answer>>>b. Getting a bandage ready for the patient
A phlebotomist witnesses a nurse receive a major electric shock from an instrument and immediately calls 911. What action should the phlebotomist have taken before calling 911?
a. The phlebotomist should have first removed the nurse from the instrument and the scene of the incident b. The phlebotomist should have first notified the supervisor that was on staff of the emergency c. The phlebotomist should have first found another nurse to take over the injured nurse's duties d. The phlebotomist should have first shut off the instrument to cut off the source of the shock - answer>>>d. The phlebotomist should have first shut off the instrument to cut off the source of the shock
The type of microorganism that causes disease is which of the following?
a. Normal flora b. Nonpathogenic c. Pathogenic d. Hereditary - answer>>>c. Pathogenic
Which interfacility conditions would require a phlebotomist to transport specimens in a closed container with ice packs?
a. None as this is never necessary and will damage any specimen b. If the specimens are hot to the touch and need to be cooled before testing c. If it is hot weather d. If the transport arrives and is missing a biohazard label - answer>>>c. If it is hot weather
Which color signifies "instability" in the National Fire Protection Association marking system?
a. Yellow b. White c. Red d. Orange - answer>>>a. Yellow
If a patient decided to go on a morning jog on their way to the facility, which precautions should a phlebotomist take before proceeding with venipuncture?
a. The phlebotomist should ask the patient to raise their feet above their head for 20 minutes
a. Sodium heparin b. Thixotropic gel for serum separation c. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) d. No additive - answer>>>b. Thixotropic gel for serum separation
Where is the best draw site on a 9-month-old infant?
a. Dorsal vein b. Thumb finger on either fand c. Cephalic vein d. Either heel - answer>>>d. Either heel
When removing gloves after a procedure, which action best prevents contact with blood?
a. The phlebotomist should discard the first glove before touching the other glove b. The phlebotomist should ask another healthcare team member to assist them in taking off their gloves c. The phlebotomist should pinch the fingers of one glove and tug quickly d. The phlebotomist should remove the first glove so that it turns inside out - answer>>>d. The phlebotomist should remove the first glove so that it turns inside out
Serum is the LIQUID portion of _______________ blood.
a. Hemolyzed b. Anticoagulated c. Hemostasis
d. Coagulated - answer>>>d. Coagulated
Which of the following is true about OSHA standards and the hepatitis B vaccine?
a. Employers must offer the hepatitis B vaccine to their phlebotomists at no cost b. Patients are unable to receive the hepatitis B vaccine unless they have also received the hepatitis E vaccine c. Employers must require that every employee receive the hepatitis B vaccine within 90 days of beginning employment d. Phlebotomists cannot receive the hepatitis B at their place of employment if they have had symptoms in the last 90 days. - answer>>>a. Employers must offer the hepatitis B vaccine to their phlebotomists at no cost
When teaching a patient to collect a sputum sample at home, the MOST important direction to include would be which of the following?
a. The patient should be directed to take the sample immediately after eating b. The patient should be directed to rinse out their mouth before spitting into the container c. The patient should be directed to spit into the container after taking a deep breath and coughing d. The patient should be directed to keep the specimen in a room-temperature area, preferably in the dark - answer>>>c. The patient should be directed to spit into the container after taking a deep breath and coughing
Which of the following examples of questions is most appropriate to use when identifying a patient?
a. "Are you Ms. Smith?" b. "Is your name Jane Smith?"
When the tourniquet is tied too tight, the capillaries in the area may rupture causing which of the following?
a. Rashes b. Pain c. Urticaria d. Petechiae - answer>>>d. Petechiae
When explaining an at-home collection of a semen specimen to a patient, the phlebotomist should tell the patient to return within _____to deliver the specimen to the lab?
a. 24 hours b. 1 hour c. 3 hours d. 12 hours - answer>>>b. 1 hour
Where should the phlebotomist send a patient's laboratory results?
a. The phlebotomist should send the results to the patient's next of kin b. The phlebotomist should send the results to the patient's ordering provider c. The phlebotomist should send the results to the patient directly through the mail d. The phlebotomist should send the results to the patient's insurance - answer>>>b. The phlebotomist should send the results to the patient's ordering provider
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist advise a blood donor patient to take to ensure a quality collection?
a. To stand upright during collection b. To open and close their hand gently throughout the collection c. To uncross their legs before the procedure d. To label the collection tube with their name and mailing address - answer>>>b. To open and close their hand gently throughout the collection
What is the LIQUID portion of anticoagulated blood?
a. Serum b. Plasma c. Hematocrit d. Leukocytes - answer>>>b. Plasma
After setting up for a blood draw, a phlebotomist notices raised, red welts on a patient's arm. Which of the following describes these welts?
a. Edema b. Petechiae c. Psoriasis d. Urticaria - answer>>>d. Urticaria
Which three additives are ALL used to prevent coagulation?
a. Sodium fluoride, EDTA, heparin b. EDTA, Sodium citrate, and heparin c. Heparin, sodium chloride, EDTA
d. CLIA - answer>>>d. CLIA
A patient has signed a general consent form upon arriving at a clinic. The patient rolls up their sleeve and holds out their arm as the phlebotomist explains the procedure. What should the phlebotomist assume from this action?
a. The phlebotomist should not assume and should verify verbally with the patient that they are ready to proceed, as well as check the patient's general consent form b. The phlebotomist should assume the patient wants them to stop explaining the procedure c. The phlebotomist should recognize this as a sign of implied consent from the patient d. The phlebotomist should assume the patient is apprehensive about the procedure and start their explanation over - answer>>>c. The phlebotomist should recognize this as a sign of implied consent from the patient
Who should a phlebotomist refer to when checking on a medication peak levels for a patient to see when their last dose was taken, and to verify that the medication schedule is accurate before blood collection?
a. The phlebotomist should ask the patient's emergency contact b. The phlebotomist should ask the attending nurse c. The phlebotomist should ask the patient directly d. The phlebotomist should ask the provider - answer>>>b. The phlebotomist should ask the attending nurse
Blood is classified based on the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of what?
a. Thrombocytes b. Erythrocytes
c. Leucocytes d. Basophils - answer>>>b. Erythrocytes
How much blood is found in the average adult body?
a. 0.5 L b. 5.0 - 7.0 L c. 10.0 L d. 90.0 gallons - answer>>>b. 5.0 - 7.0 L
In what order should a phlebotomist take the below steps when they are accidentally stuck with a used needle?
a. Contact their supervisor, report for a medical evaluation, rinse the injured area with water, then report for the HIV evaluation b. Report for HIV evaluation first, then do the other steps in any order c. Contact their supervisor, rinse the injured area with water, report for HIV evaluation, then report for a medical evaluation d. Rinse the infused area with water first, then do the other steps in any order - answer>>>d. Rinse the infused area with water first, then do the other steps in any order
When taking a blood sample to measure the trough level of a medication, a phlebotomist should:
a. Wait 24 hours after the last dose to take the sample b. Take the sample immediately after the patient takes the medication c. Take the sample about 15 minutes before the patient receives the next dose of medication
a. Downwards b. Towards either side c. Upwards d. It makes no difference which direction the bevel is facing - answer>>>c. Upwards
Why should a phlebotomist not transfer a specimen to a different labeled tube if they accidentally mislabel the first collection tube?
a. Because the laboratory will process it either way; it is a waste of time and resources b. Because the phlebotomist should just notify a supervisor and they will take care of the mislabel c. Because the laboratory personnel will change the information on the label d. Because the collection tube already has a specific measured of additive that could be altered if the specimen was transferred into another tube - answer>>>d. Because the collection tube already has a specific measured of additive that could be altered if the specimen was transferred into another tube
Which piece of information is critical for a phlebotomist to document when following a Chain of Custody guideline?
a. Identifying the patient's next-of kin b. Identifying everyone who has possession of the specimen c. Identifying the CLIA protocol that was breached d. Identifying the lawyers involved - answer>>>b. Identifying everyone who has possession of the specimen
What is the process by which blood vessels repair after injury?
a. Hemodialysis b. Hemodynamics c. Hemolysis d. Hemostasis - answer>>>d. Hemostasis
Which of the following samples would be best for the determination of blood acidity and blood gases?
a. Capillary blood b. Arterial blood c. Venous blood d. Cerebrospinal fluid - answer>>>b. Arterial blood
The most frequently occurring nosocomial (clinical setting acquired) infection for laboratory employees is which of the following?
a. Human immunodeficiency virus b. Hepatitis A virus c. Hepatitis C virus d. Hepatitis B virus - answer>>>d. Hepatitis B virus
When drawing blood from a patient who has pneumonia, which PPE provides the BEST protection for a phlebotomist?
a. Mask b. Gown c. Double gloves
