NIBRS Crime Types: Classification of Various Criminal Offenses, Lecture notes of Law

A detailed explanation of different crime types as classified by the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). various crimes against persons, property, and society, including Murder, Aggravated Assault, Forcible and Non-Forcible Sex Offenses, Kidnapping/Abduction, Simple Assault, Intimidation, Arson, Bribery, Burglary, Counterfeiting/Forgery, Criminal Mischief/Damaged Property, Embezzlement, Extortion, Fraud, Larceny, Theft from Motor Vehicle, Motor Vehicle Theft, Robbery, Stolen Property, Drugs/Narcotics Violations, Gambling, Child Pornography, Prostitution, Weapon Law Violations, and All Other Offenses.

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

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NIBRSCrimeTypes
CrimesAgainstPersons
Murder
Murderisthewillfulkillingofonehumanbeingbyanother.Asageneralrule,anydeathduetoinjuries
receivedinafight,argument,quarrel,assault,orcommissionofacrimeiscountedasaMurder.The
definitionofMurderexcludesthefollowingsituations:deathscausedbynegligence,suicide,or
accident;justifiablehomicides;andattemptstomurderorassaultstomurder,whicharecountedas
AggravatedAssaults.
ItisimportanttonotethatMurdersarecountedbasedonthespecificcircumstancesoftheincidents,
notonthecriminalchargesfiledasaresultofthoseincidents.Forinstance,situationswhereavictim
diesofaheartattackastheresultofarobberyorwitnessingacrimedonotmeetthecriteriafor
inclusionintheMurderclassification.
AggravatedAssault
AggravatedAssaultistheunlawfulattackbyonepersonuponanotherforthepurposeofinflicting
severeoraggravatedbodilyinjury.AggravatedAssaultisusuallyaccompaniedbytheuseofaweapon
orbyothermeanslikelytoproducedeathorgreatbodilyharm.AnattemptedAggravatedAssaultthat
involvesthedisplayof—orthreattouse—agun,knife,orotherweaponisincludedinthiscrime
category,becauseseriouspersonalinjurywouldlikelyresultiftheassaultwerecompleted.
ForcibleSexOffenses
Forciblesexoffenseisanysexualactdirectedagainstanotherperson,forciblyand/oragainstthat
person’swill;ornotforciblyoragainsttheperson’swillwherethevictimisincapableofgivingconsent
becauseofhis/hertemporaryorpermanentmentalorphysicalincapacity.
NonForcibleSexOffenses
Nonforciblesexoffenseistheunlawful,nonforciblesexualintercourse.Thisincludesincest,where
personsarerelatedtoeachotherandstatutoryrapewherethevictimisunderthestatutoryageof
consent.
Kidnapping/Abduction
Kidnappingorabductionistheunlawfulseizure,transportationand/ordetentionofapersonagainst
his/herwilloraminorwithouttheconsentofalegalguardianorparent.

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Crimes Against Persons

Murder

Murder is the willful killing of one human being by another. As a general rule, any death due to injuries received in a fight, argument, quarrel, assault, or commission of a crime is counted as a Murder. The definition of Murder excludes the following situations: deaths caused by negligence, suicide, or accident; justifiable homicides; and attempts to murder or assaults to murder, which are counted as Aggravated Assaults. It is important to note that Murders are counted based on the specific circumstances of the incidents, not on the criminal charges filed as a result of those incidents. For instance, situations where a victim dies of a heart attack as the result of a robbery or witnessing a crime do not meet the criteria for inclusion in the Murder classification.

Aggravated Assault

Aggravated Assault is the unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury. Aggravated Assault is usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or by other means likely to produce death or great bodily harm. An attempted Aggravated Assault that involves the display of—or threat to use—a gun, knife, or other weapon is included in this crime category, because serious personal injury would likely result if the assault were completed.

Forcible Sex Offenses

Forcible sex offense is any sexual act directed against another person, forcibly and/or against that person’s will; or not forcibly or against the person’s will where the victim is incapable of giving consent because of his/her temporary or permanent mental or physical incapacity.

Non‐Forcible Sex Offenses

Non‐forcible sex offense is the unlawful, non‐forcible sexual intercourse. This includes incest, where persons are related to each other and statutory rape where the victim is under the statutory age of consent.

Kidnapping/Abduction

Kidnapping or abduction is the unlawful seizure, transportation and/or detention of a person against his/her will or a minor without the consent of a legal guardian or parent.

Simple Assault

Simple assault is the unlawful physical attack by one person upon another where no weapons

are involved and the victim does not have severe bodily injury.

Intimidation

Intimidation is to unlawfully place another person in reasonable fear of bodily harm through words or conduct but without displaying a weapon or attacking the victim.

Crimes Against Property

Arson

Arson is the willful or malicious burning or attempting to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another, etc.

Bribery

Bribery is the offering, giving, receiving or soliciting of any thing of value to sway the judgment or action of a person in a position of trust or influence.

Burglary

Burglary is the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. The use of force to gain entry is not required to classify an offense as a burglary.

Counterfeiting/Forgery

Counterfeiting and forgery involve the altering, copying, or imitating of something, without authority or right, with the intent to deceive or defraud by passing the copy or thing altered or imitated as if it were original or genuine; or the selling, buying, or possession of an altered, copied, or imitated thing with the intent to deceive or defraud. Attempts are included.

Criminal Mischief/Damaged Property

Vandalism involves acts that willfully or maliciously destroy, injure, disfigure, or deface any public or private property, real or personal, without the consent of the owner or person having custody or control by cutting, tearing, breaking, marking, painting, drawing, covering with filth, or any other such means as may be specified by local law. Attempts are included. Graffiti is a form of Vandalism.

Stolen Property

Stolen Property Offenses include the buying, receiving, possessing, selling, concealing, or transporting of any property with the knowledge that it has been unlawfully taken, as by Burglary, Embezzlement, Fraud, Larceny, Robbery, etc. Attempts are included.

Crimes Against Society

Drugs/Narcotics Violations

Drug Abuse Violations include the production (cultivation and/or manufacture), transportation or importation, distribution or sale, purchase, possession, or use of any controlled drug or narcotic substance. The following drug categories are specified: opium or cocaine and their derivatives (morphine, heroin, codeine); marijuana; synthetic narcotics ˉmanufactured narcotics that can cause true addiction (Demerol, methadone); and dangerous non‐narcotic drugs (barbiturates, Benzedrine).

Gambling

Gambling is to unlawfully bet or wager money or something else of value, assist, promote or operate a game of chance for money or some other stake.

Child Pornography

Child pornography is the violation of law prohibiting the manufacture, publishing, sale, purchase or possession of sexually explicit material of children.

Prostitution

Prostitution is the unlawful promotion of or participation in sexual activities for profit, including attempts.

Weapon Law Violations

Weapons offenses include the violation of laws or ordinances prohibiting the manufacture, sale, purchase, transportation, possession, concealment, or use of firearms, cutting instruments, explosives, incendiary devices, or other deadly weapons. Attempts are included.

All Other Offenses

Fraud – NSF – Closed Account

Fraud –NSF‐closed account is to report a check written or other payments made on a closed or

“non‐sufficient funds” account.

Curfew

Curfew offenses involve violations by juveniles of local curfew ordinances.

Disorderly Conduct/Disturbing the Peace

Disorderly conduct is any behavior that tends to disturb the public peace or decorum, scandalize the community, or shock the public sense of morality.

Family Offenses/Nonviolent

Family offenses are unlawful, nonviolent acts by a family member (or legal guardian) that threaten the physical, mental, or economic well‐being or morals of another family member and that are not classifiable as other offenses, such as Sex Assault, Other Assault or Sex Offenses. Attempts are included.

Liquor Law/Drunkenness

Liquor law violations are the violation of laws prohibiting the manufacture, sale, purchase, transportation, possession or use of alcohol beverages. Drunkenness is to drink alcoholic beverages to the extent that one’s mental faculties and physical coordination are substantially impaired. Excludes Driving Under the Influence.

Other Sex Offenses

Other sex offenses includes fondling, indecent exposure, window peeping, failing to register as a sex offender and child enticement.

Violation of a Restraining/Court Order

Harassment

Criminal Trespass

All Other Offenses

All Other Offenses include any violations of state or local laws not otherwise specifically except traffic violations.