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A series of questions and answers related to highway construction, focusing on blueprint reading, surveying, soil testing, and general construction practices. It covers topics such as interpreting plan views, profile views, and cross-section views, understanding surveying instruments and techniques, performing soil tests, and applying best practices in earthwork and concrete work. The document serves as a study guide or quick reference for construction professionals and students in civil engineering, offering practical insights into the field.
Typology: Exercises
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3Types of Blueprint Views 1.Plan View 2. Elevation or Profile View 3. Cross-Section View What is Plan View? View from above What is the profile view? View from the front or the side What is the cross-section view? A view as if the object has been cut open What is the first sheet in a set of project plans?
Title or key sheet What do typical section sheets show? They show the different layers of the road and side slopes and ditches for a particular given length. What is a plan detail? A detail is a view of a very specific item of work T/F Typical Section Sheets show elevation views of the proposed road. False. The answer is "Profile Sheets" The shape of the road's side slopes and ditches are found on which sheet? "Typical Section Sheets" T/F The directional arrow is found on the "Profile Sheet" False. "Plan Sheets" also called "Key Sheet" Which sheet depicts the cross-section view of the road superimposed on the natural ground line? Cross-Section sheets.
What is a level in surveying used for? A level is a telescope instrument used to set slope stakes, check the level of forms or field elevations / grades. What is the difference between a Transit vs a Level / Laser? A Transit can be tilted vertically to measure vertical angles. What is a "Plumb Bob"? A "Plumb Bob" is a weighted object connected to a string that can be used to establish a vertical line. It is used to calculate horizontal distances over sloping ground in conjunction with a surveying tape. What is a "Survey Rod"? A survey rod reads like a tape measure. It allows the surveyor to record an observed number so that an elevation can be determined. What is a Vernier? A "Vernier" is used on a survey rod and is used to determine the subdivision of the smallest division of the smallest division of a scale. Can the terms "Transit" and "Level" be used synonymously?
No. A Transit can measure vertical angles whereas a level cannot. When looking through a level, what are the 4 different hair lines that you will see called? Upper Stadia, Middle Cross / Middle Stadia, Lower Stadia and Vertical Cross. What are Benchmarks? Benchmarks are fixed exact points where an exact elevation is know. What is "Back Sight"? Back Sight is a rod reading taken on a point of know elevation. What is "Height of Instrumentation" (HI) is the elevation of the line of sight projected by the instrument. What is "Fore Sight" (FS)? Foresight is a rod reading taken on any point to determine it's elevation. What is "Turning Point" (TP)? Turning Point is a reliable point upon which a foresight is taken to establish elevation.
CP occur at the intersection of the existing ground and the constructed grade. The amount of cut or fill is determined by the difference between the roadway elevation and the original ground elevation. Name the 3 types of Contour Lines. Index, Intermediate and Supplementary. What is the definition of Contour Lines? A Contour Line connects all points of equal elevation, above or below a known or assumed reference point or plane. How is a depression shown on a Topo Map? Hachure or tick marks that are on the inside of contour circles denote a depression. What are the "4 Rules" of Contour Lines?
The farther contour lines are apart, the _____________ the slope. Flatter or less. T or F? When determining elevation of an Intermediate Contour line always start at the furthest Index Contour line. False. Start at the closest Index Contour. Define "Benchmark". A Benchmark is a fixed exact point where an exact elevation is known. T/F? Slope & drainage is always calculated parallel to the contour lines. False. Perpendicular. In soil testing, the test used to determine the ratio of the weight of a given volume of material to the weight of an equal volume water is known as? Density Check What is the water cement ratio? Weight of water / weight of cement. What is "Wet Sieve"
The PH value of a liquid will indicate what? Whether the liquid is acid or base. When compacting bituminous concrete with tandem two wheel or 3 wheel rollers, what is the weight of the rollers? 10-15 tons What part of roadway construction is a sheepsfoot roller used for? Compaction of embankment. In asphalt construction, it is most difficult to obtain a representative test sample from? Open graded. Trees to be saved within the R-O-W should be marked by? The Construction Engineer. Grubbing includes? Removal of stumps, roots and stubs.
Before beginning earthwork, it is important to? Verify location of underground utilities through local one call system. When backfilling culverts and storm drains, lifts are not to exceed? 6 inches. Backfill for pipes and culverts consist of? Granular materials. For fences erected on a slope, the posts are to be set in what position? Plumb Plans required a 42" high fence. If the posts are 6' long, how much of the post is in the ground? 6' x 12 = 72 72" - 42" = 30" Fence corners are strengthened by? Horizontal post and tension wire.
(or 62.5% complete) What is the protective surface treatment for a concrete bridge deck? White membrane curing compound. What is the purpose of using vibrators in concrete? Consolidation Sealer treatment can be applied without being hard, even if the concrete is? Still green Excessive vibration of concrete causing the top to become white, chalky and non durable is called? Laitance The main reason for applying liquid membrane forming compound on concrete is? Preventing loss of water during early curing. The main reason for white reflective concrete covering is? Reduce temperature in concrete and reflect the sun's heat.
What does a screed do? Removes excess concrete from the surface of freshly placed concrete. If told in the above problem the specifications requires a 30% increase in the quantity for the protective coating, how many gallons are required? 84.4 gallons x 1.30 = 109.75 gallons Concrete pipe should be placed? With the bell end of the pipe at the upstream end. When installing concrete pipe, install? Downstream to upstream. When installing a culvert work should begin? Begin at the downstream end. A culvert is labeled CMPA. What does CMPA stand for? Corrugated Metal Pipe Arch Culvert
Define Optimum Moisture Content? The degree or percentage of moisture in soil at which the soil can be compacted to it's greatest density. What are the ACI testing procedures? Temp, Air by Volumetric method, Air Content by Pressure method, Slump, Unit Weight and Cylinders. Slope stakes are set using which instrument? Level Horizon and vertical angle may be measured by? Transit Sum four distances: 66 ft + 6.600 ft + 66 inches + 6.6 inches 78.65 fT What does the letter "D" mean if referring to the alignment of a road? Degree of curvature.
Regulatory Traffic Signs are typically? Black letters on white background. The sides of trenches need to be shored, braced or sloped if the excavation exceeds? 5 feet The contractor is responsible for which OSHA requirements? All What is inspection's first priority? The safety of the public OSHA requires nets to be placed under work when work is how many feet above the ground or water? 25 feet What document is a standard for design and construction of traffic control? MUTCD
False A tandem 2 wheel roller used for compacting asphalt weighs approximately? Varies from 2-8 tons. An asphalt mix may flatten in a truck during delivery due to? Excessive asphalt in the mix or if the mix is too hot. A stiff asphalt mix is caused by? The mix being too cold. How many feet in a mile? 5280 feet in a mile After the project no longer needs temp pavement markings, what should be done with them? Temporary pavement marking should be eradicated and permanent markings should be installed. Which document is a standard for construction barricades, protective devices and warning signs? MUTCD
What is an inspector to do after the contractor has placed signage to route traffic on a temporary rd? Record the signage, compare against the plans and continue to check the signage regularly. Fertilizer application rate for a flat surface is how many lbs per acre? Check the spec. 800lbs per acre How can a contractor assure that there will be adequate amounts of topsoil on a job? Through the use of Cross-Sections. Compare current Cross Section condition and compare against the original. When stockpiling topsoil on a site, stockpiles should? Keep away from trees, away from drainage and in a centrally located location. Clearing and grubbing on a rural 2 lane highway will normally be paid by? Acres The beam supporting the masonry over an opening in a wall is?
