Nitrogenous base pairing, Slides of Biology

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Nitrogenous Bases

Pairing

DNA is a type of

acid that carries

all the genetic

instruction of an

organism.

Remember that

DNA contain two

strand and this

two strands bond

in their

nitrogenous

bases in order to

pair and become

double stranded

(Double helix)

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/basics/dna/

In DNA we call/define the sugar as deoxyribose sugar because it only contains nitrogen, making it stable for a long-term genetic code storage, while in RNA, it has ribose sugar because it has a hydroxyl (OH)

The DNA becomes double strand due to the bond known as hydrogen bond, the bond here is two hydrogen to three hydrogen bonds depending on what pair we have. https://jackwestin.com/resources/mcat-content/nucleic-acid-structure-and- function/base-pairing-specificity-a-with-t-g-with-c

Nitrogenous base

pairing tackles

the pairing of

bases of DNA or

RNA.

Those are

Adenine (A),

Thymine (T),

Guanine (G), and

Cytosine (C).

In RNA, we have

Uracil (U) instead

of Thymine.

https:// bio1151.nicerweb.com/ Locked/media/ch16/base- pairs.html

Remember that it

is called

nitrogenous bases

because the

structure contains

nitrogen atoms,

making them

nitrogenous.

We use the term

Nitrogenous to

identify

compounds that

contain nitrogen

atoms or nitrogen

compounds. https://homework.study.com/explanation/what-are-the-4-bases-of-nitrogen-

in-the-dna-and-how-they-compare.html

 (^) If there’s a mismatch in the base pairing of DNA, it creates a distortion or bulge in the DNA helix, which is usually caught and fixed by the cell’s MMR or the mismatch repair system, which acts as a " spell-checker" to remove and change the wrong base and insert the correct one, preventing mutations, which in some cases can result to cancer.  (^) If the mismatch escapes repair and survives cell division, then it can become a permanent mutation , which can potentially alter proteins, leading to genetic disorders like https://yokabio2017.github.io/kyutech/ missmatch.html

DNA Base Pairing Single Base Pair: Remember in our lesson that A pairs with T (Adenine-Thymine) and G pairs with C (Guanine-Cytosine). Adenine always pairs with Thymine, and Guanine always pairs with Cytosine An example of a short sequence: DNA Strand 1: 5’-CAGTCCC-3' DNA Strand 2: 3’-GTCAGGG-5' (Complementary strand). RNA BASE PAIRING (WITH URACIL): REMEMBER THAT IN RNA, THYMINE (T) IS REPL ACED BY URACIL (U), SO ADENINE (A) PAIRS WITH URACIL (U) (A-U), AND GUANINE (G) PAIRS WITH CYTOSINE (C) (G-C). AN EXAMPLE OF A SHORT SEQUENCE: DNA STRAND: 5’-ATCG-3’ RNA COMPLEMENT: 3’-UAGC -

Answer the following Draw X if the DNA or RNA sequence is incorrect while draw a ✓ if the DNA or RNA sequence is a correct sequence. 1.) 5.) First strand: AATTATGGCG DNA strand: AATGC Second strand: TTAATAGGCG RNA strand: UUACG 2.) 6.) First strand: TTACGAAC DNA strand: AAGGTA Second strand: ATTCTAAG RNA strand: UUCCAU 3.) 7.) First strand: TTATCG DNA strand: CTGAAT

Let’s see if your

answers are

correct

References/link for the images Reference/link for the image in slide- https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/ba sics/dna/ Reference/link for the image in slide- https://microbenotes.com/nucleotide/ Reference/link for the image in slide- https://knowgenetics.org/nucleotides-and-bases/ Reference/link for the image in slide- https://jackwestin.com/resources/mcat-content/nucleic-acid- structure-and-function/base-pairing-specificity-a-with-t-g-with-c Reference/link for the image in slide- https://jackwestin.com/resources/mcat-content/nucleic-acid- structure-and-function/base-pairing-specificity-a-with-t-g-with-c Reference/link for the image in slide- https://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/me dia/ch16/base-pairs.html Reference/link for the image in slide- https://homework.study.com/explanation/w hat-are-the-4-bases-of-nitrogen-in-the-dna- and-how-they-compare.html Reference/link for the image in slide- 9 https://www.genome.gov/genetics- glossary/Base-Pair Reference/link for the image in slide- ttps://yokabio2017.github.io/kyut ech/missmatch.html