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This article is related to Boilers and Welding course in Mechanical Engineering. The article was submitted to Dr. Arun Thakur at Allahabad University. Its main points are: Mandatory, Nondestructive, Examination, Magnetic, Particle, Evaluation, Indications, Repair, Requirements, Acceptance
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(a) This Appendix provides procedures which shall be followed whenever magnetic particle examination is specified in this Division. (b) Article 7 of Section V shall be applied for the detail requirements in methods and procedures, and the additional requirements specified within this Appendix. (c) Magnetic particle examination shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure certified by the Manufacturer to be in accordance with the requirements of T-150 of Section V.
Personnel conducting the magnetic particle examina- tion shall be qualified in accordance with AI-311.
Indications will be revealed by retention of magnetic particles. All such indications are not necessarily imper- fections, however, since excessive surface roughness, magnetic permeability variations (such as at the edge of heat affected zones), etc., may produce similar indications. An indication is the evidence of a mechanical imper- fection. Only indications which have any dimension greater than 1 ⁄ 16 in. (1.6 mm) shall be considered relevant. (a) A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width.
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(b) A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a length equal to or less than three times its width.
These acceptance standards shall apply unless other more restrictive standards are specified for specific materials or applications within this Division. All surfaces to be examined shall be free of: (a) relevant linear indications; (b) relevant rounded indications greater than 3 ⁄ 16 in. (4.8 mm); (c) four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1 ⁄ 16 in. (1.6 mm) or less, edge-to-edge.
Unacceptable imperfections shall be removed and reexamination made to assure complete removal. When- ever an imperfection is removed by chipping or grinding and subsequent repair by welding is not required, the excavated area shall be blended into the surrounding surface so as to avoid sharp notches, crevices, or corners. Where welding is required after removal of an imperfection, the area shall be cleaned and welding performed in accordance with a qualified welding pro- cedure.
9-140.1 Treatment of Indications Believed Nonrele- vant. Any indication which is believed to be nonrelevant shall be regarded as an imperfection unless it is shown by reexamination by the same method or by the use of other nondestructive methods and /or by surface
9-140.1 1998 SECTION VIII — DIVISION 2 9-140.
conditioning that no unacceptable imperfection is present. 9-140.2 Examination of Areas From Which Imper- fections Have Been Removed. After an imperfection is thought to have been removed and prior to making weld repairs, the area shall be examined by suitable methods to assure the imperfection has been eliminated. 9-140.3 Reexamination of Repair Areas. After re- pairs have been made, the repaired area shall be blended into the surrounding surface so as to avoid sharp notches, crevices, or corners, and reexamined by the magnetic particle method and by all other methods of examination that were originally required for the af- fected area, except that, when the depth of repair is less than the radiographic sensitivity required, reradiography may be omitted.
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(a) This Article describes methods which shall be employed when ultrasonic examination of welds is specified in this Division. (b) Article 5 of Section V shall be applied for detail requirements in methods, procedures, and qualifications, unless otherwise specified within this Article. (c) Ultrasonic examination shall be performed in accordance with a written procedure certified by the Manufacturer to be in accordance with the requirements of T-150 of Section V.
The Manufacturer shall certify that personnel per- forming and evaluating ultrasonic examinations required by this Division have been qualified and certified in accordance with their employer’s written practice. SNT- TC-1A^1 shall be used as a guideline for employers to establish their written practice for qualification and certification of their personnel. Provisions for training, experience, qualification, and certification of NDE per- sonnel shall be described in the Manufacturer’s Quality Control System.
These standards shall apply unless other standards are specified for specific applications within this Division.
(^1) Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, “Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing,” is published by The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc., 4153 Arlingate Plaza, Caller No. 28518, Columbus, Ohio 43228-0518.
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All imperfections that produce an amplitude greater than 20% of the reference level shall be investigated to the extent that the operator can determine the shape, identity, and location of all such imperfections and evaluate them in terms of the acceptance standards given in (a) and (b) below. (a) Imperfections that are interpreted to be cracks, lack of fusion, or incomplete penetration are unaccept- able regardless of length. (b) All other linear type imperfections are unaccept- able if the amplitude exceeds the reference level and the length of the imperfection exceeds the following: (1)^1 ⁄ 4 in. (6 mm) for t up to 3 ⁄ 4 in. (19 mm) (2)^1 ⁄ 3 t for t from 3 ⁄ 4 in. (19 mm) to 2^1 ⁄ 4 in. (57 mm) (3)^3 ⁄ 4 in. (19 mm) for t over 2^1 ⁄ 4 in. (57 mm) where t is the thickness of the weld, excluding any allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld joining two members having different thicknesses at the weld, t is the thinner of these two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, the thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be included in t.
The Manufacturer shall prepare a report of the ultra- sonic examination and a copy of this report shall be retained by the Manufacturer until the Manufacturer’s Data Report has been signed by the Inspector. The Report shall contain the information required by Section V. In addition, a record of repaired areas shall be noted as well as the results of the reexamination of the repaired areas. The Manufacturer shall also maintain a record of all reflections from uncorrected areas having responses that exceed 50% of the reference level. This record shall locate each area, the response level, the dimensions, the depth below the surface, and the classi- fication.