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A-Level Geography: Coasts Quiz Coastal Geology and Coastal Profiles What is the term for the study of the physical structure and composition of rocks? What is lithology? Which rock type is generally more resistant to erosion: granite or clay? What are joints in rock? What are bedding planes? What coastal landform develops where alternating bands of hard and soft rock meet the sea at right angles? What coastal landform develops where bands of hard and soft rock run parallel to the coast? Name one sedimentary rock commonly found on coastlines. Name one igneous rock commonly found on coastlines. . What is differential erosion? SAS SP a YY —_— an) Waves and Wave Types 11. What is the source of energy for most waves? 12. Which type of wave has a stronger backwash than swash? 13. Which type of wave is associated with deposition? 14. What is fetch? 15. What is swash? 16. What is backwash? 17. Which wave type is typically found during storms? 18. Which wave type has a low wave height and long wavelength? Coastal Erosion Processes 19. What erosion process involves rocks carried by waves scraping against a cliff? 20. What erosion process occurs when rocks collide and break into smaller pieces? 21. What erosion process involves waves compressing air into cracks? 22. What erosion process involves the chemical dissolution of limestone by seawater? Weathering Processes 23. What type of weathering involves repeated freezing and thawing of water in cracks? 24. What type of weathering involves the growth of plant roots? 25. What type of weathering occurs when salt crystals grow within rock cracks? 26. What type of weathering is caused by chemical reactions between water and minerals? Mass Movement 27. What mass movement occurs when saturated material moves downhill along a curved slip plane? 28. What mass movement is common on steep coastal cliffs made of weak rock such as clay? 29. What factor often triggers mass movement on coastal slopes? 30. Which type of mass movement involves the sudden free fall of rock from a cliff? Coastal Vegetation: Sand Dunes and Salt Marshes 31. What is the pioneer species commonly found on embryo dunes? 32. What process causes sand dunes to become increasingly stable over time? 33. What is the name of the first stage in dune succession? 34. What is the climax vegetation stage called in a dune system? 35. What pioneer plant species commonly colonises salt marshes? 36. What process gradually raises the surface level of a salt marsh? Longshore Drift and Depositional Landforms 37. What process transports sediment along a coastline in a zig-zag pattern? 38. What angle do waves usually approach the shore at? 39. In which direction does backwash travel? 40. What depositional landform is formed when longshore drift extends sediment beyond a bend in the coastline? 41. What is the recurved end of a spit called? eee eee velops behind a spit? 4?. What sheltered environment often de Frosional Coastal Landforms | sion enlarges a crack in a headland? : ture forms when ero 43. What feat roded through a headland? 44. What feature forms when a Cave IS © 4S. What feature remains when an arch collapses: 46. What feature remains after a stack is further eroded? 47. What flat rocky surface forms at the base of a retreating cliff? 48. What process Causes cliffs to retreat inland over time? Emergent and Submergent Coastlines 49. What is meant by relative sea-level change? 50. What type of coastline forms when land rises relative to sea 51. What type of coastline forms when sea level rises relative to land? 52. What is eustatic sea-level change? 53. What is isostatic sea-level change? 54. What coastal feature is a former cliff now loc 55. What are fjords? 56. In which country are fjords particularly common? 57. What are rias? 58. Give one example of a ria in south-west England. 59. Which coastline in Croatia is famous for parallel islands formed by s 60. What is the name of this coastline type? level? ated inland due to sea-level fall? ubmergence? Sediment Cells 61. What is a sediment cell? 52. Name the three components of a sediment cell. 63. What is a sediment source? 64. What is a sediment transfer pathway? 65. What is a sediment sink? 66. What is dynamic equilibrium? 67. What is positive feedback? 68. What is negative feedback? 69. Which sediment cell contains the Holderness Coast? 70. What major depositional feature acts as a sediment sink for Holderness? Storm Surges 71. What is a storm surge? 72. Which weather system is usually responsible for storm surges in the UK? 73. In what year did the devastating North Sea storm surge affect the UK and the Netherlands? 74. Which country has developed the Delta Works flood defence system? | 75. What is the main cause of the high storm surge risk in Bangladesh? 76. Which bay funnels water towards Bangladesh during cyclones? 77. What is the term for an unusually high tide occurring alongside a storm surge? 78. Name one major impact of storm surges on coastal communities Coastal Management and Shoreli ne Mana 79. What does SMP stand for? Bement Plans (SMPs) 80. What is the purpose of a Shoreline Management Plan? 81. Which SMP policy involves maintaining existing coastal defences? 82. Which SMP policy involves constructing new defences? 83. Which SMP policy allows the coastline to move naturally with limi . . y with limited j a ae SMP policy deliberately allows flooding of low-value land? shart . Name one hard engineering strategy used to protect coastlines | 86. Name one soft engineerin g Strategy used to ; 87. What is managed realignment? a ate '