Constants and Literals in C Programming: Types and Definitions, Lecture notes of C programming

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University of Central Florida

COP 3223C

Introduction to Programming in C

• (^) Constants refer to fixed values that the

program may not alter during its execution.

• (^) These fixed values are also called literals.
• (^) Constants can be of any of the basic data types

like an integer constant, a floating constant, a

character constant, or a string literal.

• (^) There are enumeration constants as well.
• (^) Constants are treated just like regular variables

except that their values cannot be modified

after their definition.

• (^) Integer Literals
  • (^) Here are some examples of integer literals

• (^) Integer Literals
  • (^) Following are other examples of various types of integer literals

• (^) Floating-point Literals
  • (^) Here are some examples of floating-point literals

• (^) Character Constants
  • (^) Character literals are enclosed in single quotes, e.g., 'x' can be stored in a simple variable of char type.
  • (^) A character literal can be
    • (^) a plain character (e.g., 'x’)
    • (^) an escape sequence (e.g., '\t’)
    • (^) a universal character (e.g., '\u02C0')
  • (^) There are certain characters in C that represent special meaning when preceded by a backslash for example, newline (\n) or tab (\t).

• (^) String Literals
  • (^) Here are some examples of string literals
  • (^) All the three forms are identical strings

• (^) Defining Constants
  • (^) There are two simple ways in C to define constants
    • (^) Using #define preprocessor
    • (^) Using const keyword
  • (^) The #define Preprocessor
  • (^) The const Keyword
  • (^) Note that it is a good programming practice to define constants in CAPITALS

• (^) Defining Constants - (^) const - (^) Notice that this implementation requires the const to be inside the main function