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NR 283- Exam Practice Questions with Correct
Answers Verified A+
Which of the following is the most common cause of cellular injury? A. Hypoxia B. Chemical injury from drugs C. Free radical-induced injury D. Chemical injury from pollutants - Answer A. Hypoxia Which type of necrosis best describes death of a cell from hypoxia, generally as a result of ischemia in the lower extremities? A. Fat B. Coagulative C. Liquefactive D. Gangrenous - Answer D. Gangrenous Which statement is TRUE with regard to cellular change due to aging? A. The cellular changes are reversible. B. DNA becomes less susceptible to injurious stimuli. C. The cellular changes proceed slowly and in small increments. D. Lipid, calcium, and plasma proteins are less likely to be deposited in vessel walls.
- Answer C. The cellular changes proceed slowly and in small increments. Which term best describes an allele with an observable effect? A. Carrier B. Dominant
C. Recessive D. Homozygous - Answer B. Dominant Infusion of ______________ intravenous solutions promotes movement of water into cells, thus making the cells swell. A. Isotonic B. Hypertonic C. Hypotonic - Answer B. Hypertonic Which electrolyte is the main intracellular electrolyte? A. Potassium B. Sodium C. Calcium D. Magnesium - Answer A. Potassium Which patient is at the highest risk for developing hyponatremia? A. Older adult male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B. Older adult female with congestive heart failure C. Young adult female with systemic lupus erythemoatosus D. Young adult male with fever, severe vomiting and diarrhea - Answer D. Young adult male with fever, severe vomiting and diarrhea The most common cause of hyperkalemia is ___________ and ____________. A. Excessive intake of K, body's inability to excrete it B. Decreased intake of K, body's inability to excrete it C. Excessive intake of K, body is excreting too much of it.
B. Respiratory acidosis, partially compensated. C. Respiratory alkalosis, partially compensated. D. Metabolic acidosis, partially compensated. - Answer A. Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated. A client has come to the office with a history of vomiting for 3 days. Which of the following ABG results would the nurse practitioner expect? A. pH 7.3, PaCO2 50, HCO3 27 B. pH 7.34, PaC02 50 HCO3 28 C. pH 7.47, PaCO2 30, HCO3 23 D. pH 7.47, PaCO2 43, HCO3 28 - Answer D. pH 7.47, PaCO2 43, HCO3 28 A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer. Which of the following terms best describes this growth? A. Neoplasm B. Lipoma C. Meningioma D. Hypertrophy - Answer A. Neoplasm Which of the following indicates a nurse understands a proto-oncogene? A proto- oncogene is best defined as a(n) _____ gene. A. Normal B. Altered C. Inactive D. Tumor-suppressor - Answer A. Normal A 45-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cervical cancer. She reports a sexual history that includes 43 partners. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer?
A. Herpes virus B. Rubella virus C. Human papillomavirus (HPV) D. Hepatitis B virus - Answer C. Human papillomavirus (HPV) A 50-year-old female develops skin cancer on her head and neck following years of sunbathing. Which of the following cancers is the most likely? A. Lymphoma B. Adenoma C. Basal cell carcinoma D. Leukemia - Answer C. Basal cell carcinoma A patient asks why indoor pollution is worse than outdoor pollution. How should the nurse respond? Indoor pollution is considered worse than outdoor pollution because of cigarette smoke and: A. Fireplace wood smoke B. Radon C. Benzene D. Chlorine - Answer B. Radon Which cells are involved in initiating immune responses in the skin? A. Langerhans cells B. Merkel cells C. Keratinocytes D. Melanocytes - Answer A. Langerhans cells
What is the appropriate term for a "fungal infection of the scalp"? A. Tinea pedis B Tinea corporis C. Tinea capitis D. Candidiasis - Answer C. Tinea capitis uWhich infections are caused by viruses? Select all that apply. A. Erisypelas B. Herpes simplex C. Herpes zoster D. Varicella E. Furuncle - Answer B. Herpes simplex C. Herpes zoster D. Varicella Which of the following skin conditions is benign? A. Kaposi sarcoma B. Actinic keratosis C. Basal cell carcinoma D. Melanoma - Answer B. Actinic keratosis The nurse is describing the movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to the body organs and tissues. What term should the nurse use to describe this process? A. Perfusion B. Ventilation
C. Diffusion D. Circulation - Answer A. Perfusion Students in a histology class are assigned to identify regions of the lung. The slide shows a basement membrane, capillary lumen, and macrophages. The students are looking at the: A. Trachea B. Bronchioles C. Alveoli D. Bronchus - Answer C. Alveoli An aide asks a nurse how surfactant works. How should the nurse respond? Surfactant facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by: A. Decreasing thoracic compliance B. Attracting water to the alveolar surface C. Decreasing surface tension in alveoli D. Increasing diffusion in alveoli - Answer C. Decreasing surface tension in alveoli A 30-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident and sustains trauma to the lungs and chest wall. He experiences respiratory failure. Which of the following lab values would the nurse expect? A. Electrolyte imbalances B. Elevated PaCO C. Low hematocrit D. Elevated pH - Answer B. Elevated PaCO A 65-year-old male recently had a cerebrovascular accident that resulted in dysphagia. He now has aspiration of gastric contents. The nurse assesses the patient for which complication?
When the nurse observes a diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia, the patient generally acquires this pneumonia: A. At day care centers B. On airplanes C. During hospitalization D. In the winter season - Answer C. During hospitalization A 60-year-old male undergoes surgery for a bone fracture. Which of the following nursing measures would be most effective for preventing pulmonary embolism (PE) in this patient? A. Ensure that patient uses supplemental oxygen. B. Prevent deep vein thrombosis formation. C. Check hematocrit and hemoglobin levels frequently during the postoperative period. D. Promote aggressive fluid intake. - Answer B. Prevent deep vein thrombosis formation. Which of the following assessment findings would be expected in pulmonary embolism (PE)? A. Chest pain B. Tachycardia C. Tachypnea D. Fever E. Hemoptysis F. All of the above - Answer F. All of the above A 52-year-old female is admitted to the cardiac unit with a diagnosis of pericarditis. She asks the nurse to explain where the infection is. In providing an accurate description, the nurse states that the pericardium is:
A. The outer muscular layer of the heart B. The innermost layer of the heart chambers C. A membranous sac that encloses the heart D. The heart's fibrous skeleton - Answer C. A membranous sac that encloses the heart A 65-year-old male develops blockage in the pulmonary artery. As a result of the blockage, blood would first back up into the: A. Aorta B. Left ventricle C. Pulmonary veins D. Right ventricle - Answer D. Right ventricle A nurse is teaching about the heart. Which information should the nurse include? The chamber of the heart that generates the highest pressure is the: A. Right atrium B. Left atrium C. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle - Answer C. Left ventricle When a staff member asks where venous blood from the coronary circulation drains into, what is the best response by the nurse? The: A. Superior vena cava B. Inferior vena cava C. Right atrium D. Left atrium - Answer C. Right atrium
A 50-year-old male is diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following symptoms would he most likely experience? A. Headache and blurred vision B. Nausea and vomiting C. Chest pain and palpitations D. Syncope and fainting - Answer D. Syncope and fainting What term should the nurse document for a detached blood clot? A. Thrombus B. Embolus C. Thromboembolism D. Infarction - Answer C. Thromboembolism A 52-year-old female is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. The nurse assesses for myocardial: A. Hypertrophy B. Ischemia C. Necrosis D. Inflammation - Answer B. Ischemia A 49-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting chest pain. EKG reveals ST elevation. He is diagnosed with myocardial ischemia. Which of the following interventions would be most beneficial? A. Administer a diuretic to decrease volume. B. Apply oxygen to increase myocardial oxygen supply. C. Encourage exercise to increase heart rate.
D. Give an antibiotic to decrease infection. - Answer B. Apply oxygen to increase myocardial oxygen supply. A 75-year-old male has severe chest pain and dials 911. Lab tests at the hospital reveal elevated levels of cardiac troponins I and T. Based upon the lab findings, the nurse suspects which of the following has occurred? A. Raynaud disease B. Myocardial infarction (MI) C. Orthostatic hypotension D. Varicose veins - Answer B. Myocardial infarction (MI) Which characteristic changes should the nurse keep in mind while caring for a patient with left heart failure? As left heart failure progresses: A. Left ventricular preload increases. B. Systemic vascular resistance decreases. C. Left end-diastolic volume decreases. D. Pulmonary vascular resistance decreases. - Answer A. Left ventricular preload increases. Promotes inflammation A. Basophils B. Eosinophils C. Platelets D. Red Blood Cells - Answer A. Basophils A 68-year-old is admitted to emergency department with a diagnosis of polycythemia vera. A nurse realizes the patient's symptoms are mainly the result of: A.. A decreased erythrocyte count
A. Prothrombin is activated B. Clotting factors are depleted C. Inflammatory mediators are released D. Tissue factor is inactivated - Answer B. Clotting factors are depleted All of the following may result in dysphagia EXCEPT: A. Altered neuromuscular ability to coordinate movement of material to the esophagus B. Impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter C. Decreased peristalsis of the distal portion of the esophagus D. Pyrosis (heartburn) - Answer D. Pyrosis (heartburn) A client with GERD complains about having difficulty sleeping at night. Appropriate intervention would be: A. Sleeping on 2 or 3 pillows B. Eliminating carbohydrates from the diet C. Suggesting a large glass of milk before retiring D. Administering an antacid - Answer A. Sleeping on 2 or 3 pillows To limit symptoms of GERD, the nurse should advise the client to: A. Avoid heavy lifting B. Lie down after eating C. Increase fluid intake with meals D. Wear an abdominal binder or girdle - Answer A. Avoid heavy lifting A client with a peptic ulcer in the duodenum would probably describe the associated pain as:
A. An ache radiating to the left side B. An intermittent colicky flank pain C. A gnawing sensation relieved by food D. A generalized abdominal pain intensified by moving - Answer C. A gnawing sensation relieved by food Crohn's Disease differs pathologically from ulcerative colitis in that ulcerative colitis: A. Affects only the mucosal layer of the bowel B. Involves the small and large bowel C. Produces a greater risk for malabsorption of nutrients D. May progress to development of fistulas of adjacent organs - Answer A. Affects only the mucosal layer of the bowel A client with chronic renal failure asks the nurse practitioner why he is anemic A. It is likely that you have hereditary traits for the development of anemia B. There is a decrease in production by the kidneys of the hormone erythropoietin C. You need to review your dietary intake of iron-rich foods D. The increase of metabolic wastes products in your body suppresses the bone marrow - Answer B. There is a decrease in production by the kidneys of the hormone erythropoietin A client to the ED with coffee-colored urine and edema states he had a bad sore throat a few weeks ago. His BP is elevated, and urinalysis shows blood and protein in the urine. The nurse interprets that this clinical picture is consistent with which developing health problems A. Acute glomerulonephritis B. UTI C. Urinary calculi D. Acute prostatitis - Answer A. Acute glomerulonephritis
